The second edition of Fundamentals of Preparative and Nonlinear Chromatography is devoted to the fundamentals of a new process of purification or extraction of chemicals or proteins widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and in preparative chromatography. This process permits the preparation of extremely pure compounds satisfying the requests of the US Food and Drug Administration. The book describes the fundamentals of thermodynamics, mass transfer kinetics, and flow through porous media that are relevant to chromatography. It presents the models used in chromatography and their solutions, discusses the applications made, describes the different processes used, their numerous applications, and the methods of optimization of the experimental conditions of this process.

There is a demand for analytical methods that are able to discriminate between enantiomers in order to analyze the enantiomeric purity of compounds from natural or chemical sources not only in pharmaceutical sciences but in any field on bioactive compounds including chemistry, biology, biochemistry, forensic, and environmental sciences and many others. The second edition of Chiral Separations: Methods and Protocols, expands upon the previous edition with current methodology, providing an overview and especially practically oriented applications of the most important analytical techniques in chiral separation sciences. New chapters on analytical separation sciences by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques have been added as has simulated moving bed chromatography as a preparative method. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, the chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Chiral Separations: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is helpful for analytical chemists working on stereochemical problems in fields or pharmacy, chemistry, biochemistry, food chemistry, molecular biology, forensics, environmental sciences or cosmetics in academia, government or industry.

The knowledge base of chromatography continued to expand throughout the 1990s owing to its many applications to problems of contemporary interest in industry, life and environmental sciences. Organizing this information into a single text for a diverse group of scientists has become increasingly difficult. The present book stemmed from the desire to revise Chromatography Today, written by the same author with Salwa K. Poole, and published in 1991. This title is considered to be one of the definitive texts on chromatography. It was soon realized however, that a simple revision would not provide the desired result of a contemporary picture of the practice of chromatography at the turn of the century. The only workable solution was to start afresh, maintaining the same general philosophy and concept for Chromatography Today where possible, while creating essentially a new book.
The format of the new book is modular, with extensive cross-references to permit rapid location of related material using different separation concepts. Important features are extensive tabulation of essential data for performing separations and an extensive bibliography to the most recent literature.
This title is intended as a suitable text for graduate level courses in the separation sciences and as a self-study guide for professional chromatographers wishing to refresh their background in this rapidly expanding field.
The Essence of Chromatography presents a comprehensive survey of modern chromatography and is an effective replacement for Chromatography Today.
.Comprehensive and authoritative coverage of chromatographic techniques
.Contains extensive coverage of recent literature on this subject
.Ideal text for graduates and suitable for professional chromatographers"

Sample preparation is an essential step in many analyses. This book approaches the topic of sample preparation in chromatography in a methodical way, viewing it as a logical connection between sample collection and analytical chromatography. Providing a guide for choosing the appropriate sample preparation for a given analysis, this book describes various ways to process the sample, explaining the principle, discussing the advantages and disadvantages, describing the applicability to different types of samples, and showing the fitness to specific chromatographic determinations.
The first part of the book contains an overview of sample preparation showing its relation to sample collection and to the core chromatographic analysis. The second part covers procedures that do not use chemical modifications of the analyte and includes methods for sample dissolution, concentration and cleanup designed mainly for modifying the initial matrix of the sample. This part starts with conventional separations such as filtration and distillation and finishes with more advanced techniques such as solid phase extraction and electroseparations. The third part gives a description of the chemical modifications that can be performed on a sample either for fractionation purposes or to improve a specific property of the analyte. This part includes derivatizations, polymer chemical degradations, and pyrolysis.

The book deals with the theory and practice of all electrophoretic steps leading to proteome analysis, i.e. isoelectric focusing (including immobilized pH gradients), sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis (SADS-PAGE) and finally two-dimensional maps. It is a reasoned collection of all modern, relevant, up-to-date methodologies leading to successful fractionation, analysis and characterization of every polypeptide spot in 2-D map analysis. It includes chapters on the most sophisticated mass spectrometry developments and it helps the reader in navigating through the most important databases in proteome analysis, including step by step tours in selected sites. Yet, this book's unique strength and feature is the fact that it combines not only practice (in common with any other book on this topic) but also theory, by giving a detailed treatment on the most advanced theoretical treatments of steady-state techniques, such as isoelectric focusing and immobilized pH gradients. A lot of this theory is newly developed and presented to the public for the first time. Thus, this book should satisfy not only the needs of every day practitioners, but also the desires of the most advanced theoreticians in the field, who will surely appreciate the novel theories presented here.
Also the methodological section contains several as yet unpublished protocols, correcting some of the existing ones and showing the pitfall and limitations of even well ingrained protocols in proteome analysis, which are here critically re-evaluated for the first time.

The aim of this edition is to introduce the beginner to the basics of affinity chromatography and provide practical knowledge for the development of affinity separation protocols. Affinity Chromatography: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition guides readers through new state of the art protocols, molecular modelling, and the study of ligand-target interactions. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Affinity Chromatography: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition is designed as a useful resource for those interested in the rapid and quantitative isolation of biomolecules with high purity.

Protein Liquid Chromatography is a handbook-style guide to liquid chromatography as a tool for isolating and purifying proteins, consisting of 25 individual chapters divided into three parts: Part A covers commonly-used, classic modes of chromatography such as ion-exchange, size-exclusion, and reversed-phase; Part B deals with various target protein classes such as membrane proteins, recombinant proteins, and glycoproteins; and Part C looks at various miscellaneous related topics, including coupling reaction, buffer solution additives, and software. The text as a whole can be viewed as a systematic survey of available methods and how best to use them, but also attempts to provide an exhaustive coverage of each facet. How to solve a specific problem using a chosen method is the overall essence of the volume. The principle philosophy of this compilation is that practical application is everything; therefore, both classical and modern methods are presented in detail, with examples involving conventional, medium- and high-pressure techniques. Over-exposure to history, concept, and theory has deliberately been avoided. The reader will find a wealth of tips and tricks from users for users, including advice on the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Easy-to-read sections on "Getting started now" and "Where to go from here" attempt to provide hands-on, fool-proof detailed practical procedures with complete and even standard model runs for any scientist or technician at work in this area.

Tingyue Gu's second edition provides a comprehensive set of nonlinear multicomponent liquid chromatography (LC) models for various forms of LC, such as adsorption, size exclusion, ion-exchange, reversed-phase, affinity, isocratic/gradient elution and axial/radial flow LC. Much has advanced since the first edition of this book and the author's software, described here, is now used for teaching and research in 32 different countries. This book comes together with a complete software package with graphical user interface for personal computers, offered free for academic applications. Additionally, this book provides detailed methods for parameter estimation of mass transfer coefficients, bed voidage, particle porosity and isotherms. The author gives examples of how to use the software for predicitons and scale-up. In contrast to the first edition, authors do not need to deal with complicated math. Instead, they focus on how to obtain a few parameters for simulation and how to compare simulation results with experimental data. After reading the detailed descriptions in the book, a reader is able to use the simulation software to investigate chromatographic behavior without doing actual experiments. This book is aimed at readers who are interested in learning about LC behaviors and at those who want to scale up LC for preparative- and large-scale applications. Both academic personnel and industrial practitioners can benefit from the use of the book. This new edition includes: - New models and software for pellicular (cored) beads in liquid chromatography - Introduction of user-friendly software (with graphical user interface) - Detailed descriptions on how to use the software - Step-by-step instructions on parameter estimation for the models - New mass-transfer correlations for parameter estimation - Experimental methods for parameter estimation - Several actual examples using the model for product development and scale-up - Updated literature review

This book deals with chromatographic and electrophoretic methods applied for the separation (quantitation and identification) of biologically relevant compounds. It is assumed that the potential reader is familiar with the basics of chromatographic and electromigration methods. Individual separation modes are dealt with to an extent which follows their applicability for biomedical purposes: liquid chromatography and electromigration methods are therefore highlighted.

Each chapter is completed with a list of recent literature covering the 1987-1997 period, which can be used for further guidance of the reader in his/her own field. The chapters have been written by specialists in a particular area and with an emphasis on applications to the biomedical field. This implies that theoretical and instrumental aspects are kept to a minimum which allows the reader to understand the text. Considerable attention is paid to method selection, detection and derivatization procedures and troubleshooting. The majority of examples given represent the analyses of typical naturally-occurring mixtures. Adequate attention is paid to the role of the biological matrix and sample pretreatment, and special attention is given to forensic, toxicological and clinical applications. The book is completed with an extensive Index of Compounds Separated.

The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. More than 260 volumes have been published (all of them still in print) and much of the material is relevant even today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.
Key Features
* Liquid chromatography
* Electrophoresis
* Mass spectrometry

The quantity and composition of aroma and avour compounds in foods and food products exert a marked in uence on the consumer acceptance and, consequently, on the commercial value of the products. It has been established many times that one of the main properties employed for the evaluation of the product quality is the avour, that is, an adequate avour composition considerably enhances the m- ketability. Traditional analytical methods are generally unsuitable for the accurate determination of the quantity of this class of compounds. Moreover, they do not contain any useful information on the concentration of the individual substances and they are not suitable for their identi cation. As the stability of the aroma compounds and fragrances against hydrolysis, oxidation and other environmental and tech- logical conditions shows marked differences, the exact determination of the avour composition of a food or food product may help for the prediction of the she- life of products and the assessment of the in uence of technological steps on the aroma compounds resulting in more consumer-friendly processing methods. Furthermore, the qualitative determination and identi cation of these substances may contribute to the establishment of the provenance of the product facilitating the authenticity test. Because of the considerable commercial importance of avour composition, much effort has been devoted to the development of methods suitable for the separation and quantitative determination of avour compounds and f- grancesinfoodsandinotherindustrialproducts.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a procedure for separating components from a mixture of chemical substances; a combination of separation, identification, and quantitative measurements. Solvent selection is perhaps the most commonly overlooked parameter in HPLC. Even the most experienced analytical chemist tends to select one of three familiar solvents. The HPLC Solvent Guide provides detailed coverage of all commonly used HPLC solvents used in a wide range of separations.

HPLC is a mature but substantial market, and one that Wiley reaches successfully and well. The HPLC list is established, and this second edition of a successful title will build upon the success of the first. This is a revised and expanded edition in a field that is still growing into areas of analysis and methods.

This book is devoted to nonmetal-to-metal transitions. The original ideas of Mott for such a transition in solids have been adapted to describe a broad variety of phenomena in condensed matter physics (solids, liquids, and fluids), in plasma and cluster physics, as well as in nuclear physics (nuclear matter and quark-gluon systems). The book gives a comprehensive overview of theoretical methods and experimental results of the current research on the Mott effect for this wide spectrum of topics. The fundamental problem is the transition from localized to delocalized states which describes the nonmetal-to-metal transition in these diverse systems. Based on the ideas of Mott, Hubbard, Anderson as well as Landau and Zeldovich, internationally respected scientists present the scientific challenges and highlight the enormous progress which has been achieved over the last years. The level of description is aimed to specialists in these fields as well as to young scientists who will get an overview for their own work. A common feature of all contribution is the extensive discussion of bound states," i.e. their formation and dissolution due to medium effects. This applies to atoms and molecules in plasmas, fluids, and small clusters, excitons in semiconductors, or nucleons, deuterons, and alpha-particles in nuclear matter. In this way, the transition from delocalized to localized states and vice versa can be described on a common level."

Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a separation technique in which the stationary phase is a liquid. The mobile phase is also a liquid, so biphasic liquid systems with at least two solvents are used. Centrifugal fields are used to hold the liquid stationary phase while pushing the liquid mobile phase through it.
This comprehensive reference covers recent advancements in the two types of CCC machines: the high speed CCCs without rotary seals and with coiled spools and centrifugal partition chromatographs (CPC) with rotary seals and interconnected channels.
Written by leading international experts in the CCC field, the book focuses on the liquid nature of the stationary phase: giving newcomers the basis to do CCC efficiently and rapidly; explaining the art of obtaining a biphasic liquid system; describing the flow patterns in both CPC and high speed CCC machines; showing possible other uses of a liquid stationary phase; presenting a wealth of applications in the separation of organic, pharmaceutical and inorganic mixtures; and demonstrating that even supercritical fluids can be used in CCC.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography Edited by Phyllis Brown and Richard Hartwick This contributed volume is designed to consolidate the basic theories of chromatography along with the more exciting developments in the field. This monograph addresses some questions that concern researchers in separation science, including: what is the current state of the art in liquid chromatography; has the development of liquid chromatography plateaued; if so, what new methods will take its place or complement it; and if not, where will the new frontiers be and what direction will liquid chromatography take? 1989 (0 471-84506-X) 688 pp. Quantitative Structure-Chromatographic Retention Relationships R. Kaliszan Written by a pioneer in the field, this book extends and updates research on quantitative structure retention relationships by consolidating and critically reviewing the extensive literature on the subject, while also providing the basic theoretical and practical information required in all investigations involving chromatography, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmaceutical research. Among the topics covered are the nature of chromatographic interactions, molecular interpretation of distribution processes in chromatography, topological indices as retention descriptors, and multiparameter structure-chromatographic retention relationships. 1987 (0 471-85983-4) 303 pp. Detectors for Liquid Chromatography Edited by Edward S. Yeung With its singular coverage of this fast-growing field, Detectors for Liquid Chromatography presents the state of the art in this subject area. It offers a comprehensive examination of the basic principles behind the detector response, instrumentation, and selected applications for comparison and evaluation of potential. Specifically, topics given in-depth coverage include polarimetric, indirect absorbance, refractive index detectors, absorption detectors for HPLC, FTIR and fluorometric detection, detection based on electrical and electromechanical measurements, and mass spectroscopy as an on-line detector for HPLC. 1986 (0 471-82169-1) 366 pp.

The book begins by covering the basic principles of both gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) to the extent necessary to understand and deal with the data generated in a GC-MS analysis. The focus then turns to the particular requirements created by a direct combination of these two techniques into a single instrumentation system. The data generated and their use are covered in detail. The role of the computer and its specific software receives special attention, especially in the matter of compound identification via mass spectral search techniques. GC-MS-computer instrumentation has reached such a plateau of excellence today that the present commercial systems will not be obsolete for a long time to come. Therefore, a detailed description of these systems is not only informative but is also pertinent to the subject matter of this book. Finally, representative applications and results obtained with GC-MS-computer techniques are presented and chosen in such a way as to permit extrapolation of specific applications to similar problems encountered by the reader. To aid the reader in mastering the subject matter and increase understanding, interpretation problems and suggested readings are included. The format is instructional, informative and application-oriented with material presented in such a way as to be useful to a broad spectrum of people.
The book serves as a text in its own right.
The software package Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: A Knowledge Base, by F.A. Settle, Jr. and M.A. Pleva provides rapid access to a wealth of current information in the GC-MS field. Its three diskettes (51/4 inch) allow the user three ways to access: the index mode, the tree mode and a keyword search mode. The package may be purchased separately and is available for the IBM-PC and compatibles.
The software provides a valuable supplement to the book.

This book brings together a number of studies which examine the ways in which the retention and selectivity of separations in high-performance liquid chromatography are dependent on the chemical structure of the analytes and the properties of the stationary and mobile phases. Although previous authors have described the optimisation of separations by alteration of the mobile phase, little emphasis has previously been reported of the influence of the structure and properties of the analyte.

The initial chapters describe methods based on retention index group increments and log P increments for the prediction of the retention of analytes and the ways in which these factors are influenced by mobile phases and intramolecular interactions. The values of a wide range of group increments in different eluents are tabulated.

Different scales of retention indices in liquid chromatography are described for the comparison of separations, the identification of analytes and the comparison of stationary phases. Applications of these methods in the pharmaceutical, toxicology, forensic, metabolism, environmental, food and other fields are reviewed. The effects of different mobile phases on the selectivity of the retention indices are reported. A compilation of sources of reported retention index values are given.

Methods for the comparison of stationary phases based on the interactions of different analytes are covered, including lipophilic and polar indices, shape selectivity comparisons, their application to novel stationary phases, and chemometric methods for column comparisons.

What drives a scientist to edit a book on a speci c scienti c subject such as chiral mechanisms in separation methods? Until December 2005, the journal Analytical Chemistry of the American Chemical Society (Washington, DC) had an A-page section that was dedicated to simple and clear presentations of the most recent te- niques or the state of the art in a particular eld or topic. The "A-page" section was prepared for a broad audience of chemists including industrial professionals, s- dents as well as academics looking for information outside their eld of expertise. 1 Daniel W. Armstrong, one of the editors of this journal and a twenty-year+ long friend, invited me to present my view on chiral recognition mechanisms in a simple and clear way in an "A-page" article. In 2006, the "A-page" section was maintained as the rst articles at the beginning of each rst bi-monthly issue but the pagination was no longer page distinguished from the regular research articles published by the journal. During the time between the invitation and the submission, the A-page section was integrated into the rest of the journal and the article appeared as (2006) Anal Chem (78):2093-2099.

This Springer Laboratory volume introduces the reader to advanced techniques for the separation and fractionation of polyolefins. It includes detailed information on experimental protocols and procedures, addressing the experimental background of different polyolefin fractionation techniques in great detail. The book summarizes important applications in all major fractionation methods with emphasis on multidimensional analytical approaches. It comprises the most powerful modern techniques, such as high temperature size exclusion chromatography (HT-SEC) for molar mass analysis, temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) and crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF) for the analysis of chemical composition and branching, high temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography (HT-2D-LC), solvent and temperature gradient interaction chromatography (SGIC and TGIC) and crystallization elution fractionation (CEF). Beginners as well as experienced chromatographers will benefit from this concise introduction to a great variety in instrumentation, separation procedures and applications. With detailed descriptions of experimental approaches for the analysis of complex polyolefins, the readers are offered a toolbox to solve simple as well as sophisticated separation tasks. The book starts with an introduction into the molecular complexity of polyolefins - the most widely used synthetic polymers with rapidly growing production capacities. It systematically discusses crystallization based fractionation techniques including TREF, CRYSTAF and CEF and column chromatographic techniques for molar mass, chemical composition and microstructure, as well as the combination of different fractionations in multidimensional experimental setups. This book also includes basic information on the application of high-temperature field-flow fractionation.

The symposium which provided the incentive for this volume was conducted in San th Diego, California as a part of the 207 National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, March 13-17, 1994. It was conceived partly to continue an informal decennial sequence of sym posia dedicated to the topic off element separations. A lot has changed in the world of f ele ments over the last ten years, precipitating a change in emphasis which should be evident to most practitioners in the field. Production and reprocessing of nuclear fuels are no longer the principal drivers of f element separation technology. Separations technology for environment restoration, waste disposal, and the preparation of high purity lanthanides are now the defming parameters in this important field. These imperatives are reflected in the contributions to this volume. The symposium itself must be considered a success, as the attendance at all sessions was above expectations, despite the fact that it was conducted on the last two days of a large five day meeting. Our thanks to the speakers for their quality presentations, and to the audience who persevered to the end of a long meeting and against the temptation of the excellent weather of San Diego in the springtime. A complete list of symposium participants is given in Appendix 1. Preparation of this volume has been a relatively painless undertaking, largely as a result ofthe high quality ofthe submitted papers."

The primary aim of this volume is to make the chemist familiar with the numerous stationary phases and column types, with their advantages and disadvantages, to help in the selection of the most suitable phase for the type of analytes under study. The book also provides detailed information on the chemical structure, physico-chemical behaviour, experimental applicability, physical data of liquid and solid stationary phases and solid supports. Such data were previously scattered throughout the literature. To understand the processes occurring in the separation column and to offer a manual both to the beginner and to the experienced chromatographer, one chapter is devoted to the basic theoretical aspects. Further, as the effectiveness of the stationary phase can only be considered in relation to the column type, a chapter on different column types and the arrangement of the stationary phase within the column is included.

The secondary aim of this book is to stimulate the development of new and improved standardized stationary phases and columns, in order to improve the reproducibility of separations, as well as the range of applications.

The volume presents, for the very first time, an exhaustive collection of those modern theoretical methods specifically tailored for the analysis of Strongly Correlated Systems. Many novel materials, with functional properties emerging from macroscopic quantum behaviors at the frontier of modern research in physics, chemistry and materials science, belong to this class of systems. Any technique is presented in great detail by its own inventor or by one of the world-wide recognized main contributors. The exposition has a clear pedagogical cut and fully reports on the most relevant case study where the specific technique showed to be very successful in describing and enlightening the puzzling physics of a particular strongly correlated system. The book is intended for advanced graduate students and post-docs in the field as textbook and/or main reference, but also for other researchers in the field who appreciates consulting a single, but comprehensive, source or wishes to get acquainted, in a as painless as possible way, with the working details of a specific technique.

Since its commercial introduction in 2004, UHPLC (Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography) has begun to replace conventional HPLC in academia and industry and interest in this technique continues to grow. Both the increases in speed and resolution make this an attractive method; particularly to the life sciences and more than 1500 papers have been written on this strongly-evolving topic to date. This book provides a solid background on how to work with UHPLC and its application to the life sciences. The first part of the book covers the basics of this approach and the specifics of a UHPLC system, providing the reader with a solid background to working properly with such a system. The second part examines the application of UHPLC to the life sciences, with a focus on drug analysis strategies. UHPLC-MS, a key technique in pharmaceutical and toxicological analyses, is also examined in detail. The editors (Davy Guillarme and Jean-Luc Veuthey) were some of the earliest adopters of UHPLC and have published and lectured extensively on this topic. Between them they have brought together an excellent team of contributors from Europe and the United States, presenting a wealth of expertise and knowledge. This book is an essential handbook for anyone wishing to adopt an UHPLC system in either an academic or industrial setting and will benefit postgraduate students and experienced workers alike.

Chromatography is the separation method for biological molecules from the analytical to the preparative scale. Few of the recent advances in life science, whether in "proteomics" or in the industrial production of recombinant therapeutics, would have been possible without the help of chromatographic separations. Concomitantly, chromatography nowadays stands for much more than a batch column packed with porous particles. In this book eminent experts from academia and industry introduce the reader to some of the recent new developments in this exciting area. Ranging from evolving nanoanalytical techniques to advances in the material sciences and artificial antibodies and finally continuous large scale separations of the most fragile biologicals, this book should provide interesting reading material for students and practitioners from various fields.

This latest volume in the series entitled Liquid Chromatography of Natural Pigments and Synthetic Dyes presents an overview of the latest developments in the field while critically evaluating this method of analysis and providing comparisons of the various liquid chromatographic separation techniques that are currently available. Natural pigments and synthetic dyes are extensively used in various fields of everyday life including food production, textile industry, paper production, agricultural practice and research and water science and technology. Besides their capacity for increasing the marketability of products, natural pigments have shown advantageous biological activity as antioxidants and anticancer agents. On the negative side, synthetic pigments have a significant impact on the environment and can cause adverse toxicological side effects. Both pigment classes exhibit considerable structural diversity. As the stability of the pigments against hydrolysis, oxidation and other environmental and technological conditions is markedly different, the exact determination of the pigment composition may help for the prediction of the shelf-life of products and the assessment of the influence of technological steps on the pigment fractions resulting in more consumer friend processing methods. Furthermore, the qualitative determination and identification of the pigments may contribute to the establishment of the provenance of the product. The unique separation capacity of liquid chromatographic (LC) techniques makes it a method of preference for the analysis of pigments in any complicated accompanying matrices.
* an overview of the latest developments in the field
* a critical evaluation of results from this form of analysis
* a comparison of the various LC (liquid chromatographic) separation techniques
* future trends in the LC analysis of pigments