Beltrami fields exist commonly in all areas of wave theory. In particular, Beltrami fields are necessary to analyze electromagnetic wave propagation in isotropic chiral materials, numerous examples of which are found in organic chemistry. Artificial chiral composites are evaluated for electromagnetic engineering purposes as well. In this book a comprehensive analysis of electromagnetic fields in chiral materials has been made.

Volume II covers antenna theory and design, describing a number of antenna types, including receiving, wire and loop, horn, frequency-independent, microstrip, refelector, and lens antennas. This section also includes arrays, providing array theory as well as exploring waveguide-fed slot arrays, peiodic arrays, and aperiodic arrays.

Just as the automobile radically changed people's lives at the beginning of the 20th century, so too has the revolution in online services (including blogging, podcasting, videogaming, shopping, and social networking) and cell-phone use changed our lives at the turn of the 21st century. In addition, many other services, activities, and devices—including the Palm Pilot, the BlackBerry, the iPod, digital cameras, and cell cameras—have been made possible by the combination of these two technologies. Whereas the automobile allowed people for the first time to work in cities and live comfortably in the suburbs, extending the long commute beyond the limits previously circumscribed by public transportation, the Internet and cell phone allow us to interact with others from around the world—or a few hundred miles—from where we work or live, giving rise to the telecommuting phenomenon and allowing us to stay in touch with friends and families in the new virtual environment. As Hanson demonstrates in her new book, these technologies enable us to work and play 24/7, anytime, anywhere. What does this mean for us as individuals and for society as a whole? What are the social implications of this technological revolution that we have witnessed in the short span of about 20 years? Do people of different generations use these technologies in the same ways, or do they adopt them to support their communication habits formed at different times of their lives? How does the illusion of control provided by these technologies affect the way we think about what is meaningful in our lives? Hanson examines the wide-ranging impact of this change. How do individuals posting their viewpoints on the Internet affect democracy? Is it possible to ever completely prevent identity theft over the Internet? How permanent is information stored on the Internet or on a hard drive? Do cell phones change the way people think about privacy or the way they communicate with others? Does email? Do videogames teach new social principles? Do cell phones and the Internet change traditional communication behaviors and attitudes? Hanson discusses these crucial issues and explores to what extent individuals do have control, and she assesses how social and governmental services are responding to (or running from) the problems posed by these new technologies.

Audio Signal Processing for Next-Generation Multimedia Communication Systems presents cutting-edge digital signal processing theory and implementation techniques for problems including speech acquisition and enhancement using microphone arrays, new adaptive filtering algorithms, multichannel acoustic echo cancellation, sound source tracking and separation, audio coding, and realistic sound stage reproduction. This book's focus is almost exclusively on the processing, transmission, and presentation of audio and acoustic signals in multimedia communications for telecollaboration where immersive acoustics will play a great role in the near future.

Real-Time Video Compression: Techniques and Algorithms introduces the XYZ video compression technique, which operates in three dimensions, eliminating the overhead of motion estimation. First, video compression standards, MPEG and H.261/H.263, are described. They both use asymmetric compression algorithms, based on motion estimation. Their encoders are much more complex than decoders. The XYZ technique uses a symmetric algorithm, based on the Three-Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (3D-DCT). 3D-DCT was originally suggested for compression about twenty years ago; however, at that time the computational complexity of the algorithm was too high, it required large buffer memory, and was not as effective as motion estimation. We have resurrected the 3D-DCT-based video compression algorithm by developing several enhancements to the original algorithm. These enhancements make the algorithm feasible for real-time video compression in applications such as video-on-demand, interactive multimedia, and videoconferencing. The demonstrated results, presented in this book, suggest that the XYZ video compression technique is not only a fast algorithm, but also provides superior compression ratios and high quality of the video compared to existing standard techniques, such as MPEG and H.261/H.263. The elegance of the XYZ technique is in its simplicity, which leads to inexpensive VLSI implementation of any XYZ codec. Real-Time Video Compression: Techniques and Algorithms can be used as a text for graduate students and researchers working in the area of real-time video compression. In addition, the book serves as an essential reference for professionals in the field.

This book describes the design of a receiver front-end circuit for operation in the 60GHz range in 90nm CMOS. Physical layout of the test circuit and post-layout simulations for the implementation of a test chip including the QVCO and the first stage divider are also presented. The content of this book is particularly of interest to those working on mm-wave frequency generation and signal reception.

Low-Power CMOS Wireless Communications: A Wideband CDMA System Design focuses on the issues behind the development of a high-bandwidth, silicon complementary metal-oxide silicon (CMOS) low-power transceiver system for mobile RF wireless data communications. In the design of any RF communications system, three distinct factors must be considered: the propagation environment in question, the multiplexing and modulation of user data streams, and the complexity of hardware required to implement the desired link. None of these can be allowed to dominate. Coupling between system design and implementation is the key to simultaneously achieving high bandwidth and low power and is emphasized throughout the book. The material presented in Low-Power CMOS Wireless Communications: A Wideband CDMA System Design is the result of broadband wireless systems research done at the University of California, Berkeley. The wireless development was motivated by a much larger collaborative effort known as the Infopad Project, which was centered on developing a mobile information terminal for multimedia content - a wireless network computer'. The desire for mobility, combined with the need to support potentially hundreds of users simultaneously accessing full-motion digital video, demanded a wireless solution that was of far lower power and higher data rate than could be provided by existing systems. That solution is the topic of this book: a case study of not only wireless systems designs, but also the implementation of such a link, down to the analog and digital circuit level.

This book describes innovative design solutions for radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags and antennas. Focusing mainly on passive ultra-high-frequency (UHF)-RFID tag antennas, it examines novel approaches based on the use of metamaterial-inspired resonators and other resonant structures as radiating elements. It also offers an exhaustive analysis of the radiation properties of several metamaterial-inspired resonators such as the split ring resonator (SRR) and related structures. Further, it discusses in detail an innovative technology for the RFID tagging of optical discs, which has demonstrated a significant improvement over the state of the art and resulted in a patent. By covering the entire research cycle of theory, design/simulation and fabrication/evaluation of RFID tags and antennas, while also reporting on cutting-edge technologies, the book provides graduate students, researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive and timely overview of RFID systems, and a closer look at several radiating structures.

Testing of Communicating Systems presents the latest worldwide results in both the theory and practice of the testing of communicating systems. This volume provides a forum that brings together the substantial volume of research on the testing of communicating systems, ranging from conference testing through interoperability testing to performance and QoS testing. The following topics are discussed in detail: Types of testing; Phases of the testing process; Classes of systems to be tested; and Theory and practice of testing.GBP/LISTGBP This book contains the selected proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on the Testing of Communicating Systems (formerly the International Workshop on Protocol Test Systems), sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), and held in Budapest, Hungary, in September 1999. The book contains not only interesting research on testing different communication technologies from telecom and datacom systems to distributed systems, but also presents reports on the application of these results in industry. Testing of Communicating Systems will be essential reading for engineers, IT managers and research personnel working in computer science and telecommunications.

This book presents theory and latest application work in Bond Graph methodology with a focus on: * Hybrid dynamical system models, * Model-based fault diagnosis, model-based fault tolerant control, fault prognosis * and also addresses * Open thermodynamic systems with compressible fluid flow, * Distributed parameter models of mechanical subsystems. In addition, the book covers various applications of current interest ranging from motorised wheelchairs, in-vivo surgery robots, walking machines to wind-turbines.The up-to-date presentation has been made possible by experts who are active members of the worldwide bond graph modelling community. This book is the completely revised 2nd edition of the 2011 Springer compilation text titled Bond Graph Modelling of Engineering Systems - Theory, Applications and Software Support. It extends the presentation of theory and applications of graph methodology by new developments and latest research results. Like the first edition, this book addresses readers in academia as well as practitioners in industry and invites experts in related fields to consider the potential and the state-of-the-art of bond graph modelling.

The general trend of modern network devices towards greater intelligence and programmability is accelerating the development of systems that are increasingly autonomous and to a certain degree self-managing. Examples range from router scripting environments to fully programmable server blades. This has opened up a new field of computer science research, reflected in this new volume. This selection of contributions to the first ever international workshop on network-embedded management applications (NEMA) features six papers selected from submissions to the workshop, held in October 2010 at Niagara Falls, Canada. They represent a wide cross-section of the current work in this vital field of inquiry. Covering a diversity of perspectives, the volume's dual structure first of all examines the 'enablers' for NEMAs-the platforms, frameworks, and development environments which facilitate the evolution of network-embedded management and applications. The second section of the book covers network-embedded applications that might both empower and benefit from such enabling platforms. These papers cover topics ranging from deciding where to best place management control functions inside a network to a discussion of how multi-core hardware processors can be leveraged for traffic filtering applications. The section concludes with an analysis of a delay-tolerant network application in the context of the 'One Laptop per Child' program. There is a growing recognition that it is vital to make network operation and administration as easy as possible to contain operational expenses and cope with ever shorter control cycles. This volume provides researchers in the field with the very latest in current thinking.

This volume contains the lectures given in honor to Georg Farber as tribute to his contributions in the area of real-time and embedded systems. The chapters of many leading scientists cover a wide range of aspects, like robot or automotive vision systems or medical aspects. "

The Nonuniform Discrete Fourier Transform and its Applications in Signal Processing is organized into seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the problem of computing frequency samples of the z-transform of a finite-length sequence, and reviews the existing techniques. Chapter 2 develops the basics of the NDFT including its definition, properties and computational aspects. The NDFT is also extended to two dimensions. The ideas introduced here are utilized to develop applications of the NDFT in the following four chapters. Chapter 3 proposes a nonuniform frequency sampling technique for designing 1-D FIR digital filters. Design examples are presented for various types of filters. Chapter 4 utilizes the idea of the 2-D NDFT to design nonseparable 2-D FIR filters of various types. The resulting filters are compared with those designed by other existing methods and the performances of some of these filters are investigated by applying them to the decimation of digital images. Chapter 5 develops a design technique for synthesizing antenna patterns with nulls placed at desired angles to cancel interfering signals coming from these directions. Chapter 6 addresses the application of the NDFT in decoding dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signals and presents an efficient decoding algorithm based on the subband NDFT (SB-NDFT), which achieves a fast, approximate computation of the NDFT. Concluding remarks are included in Chapter 7. The Nonuniform Discrete Fourier Transform and its Applications in Signal Processing serves as an excellent reference for researchers.

In June 2000, GTEL (Wireless Telecommunications Research Group) at the F- eral University of Ceara was founded by Professor Rodrigo Cavalcanti and his c- leagues with the mission of developing wireless communications technology and impact the development of the Brazilian telecommunications sector. From the start, this research effort has been supported by Ericsson Research providing a dynamic environment where academia and industry together can address timely and relevant research challenges. This book summarized much of the research output that has resulted from GTEL's efforts. It provides a comprehensive treatment of the physical and multiple access layers in mobile communication systems describing different generations of systems but with a focus on 3G systems. The team of Professor C- alcanti has contributed scienti cally to the development of this eld and built up an impressive expertise. In the chapters that follow, they share their views and kno- edge on the underlying principles and technical trade-offs when designing the air interface of 3G systems. The complexity of 3G systems and the interaction between the physical and m- tiple access layers present a tremendous challenge when modeling, designing, and analyzing the mobile communication system. Herein, the authors tackle this pr- lem in an impressive manner. Their work is very much in line with the developments in 3GPP providing a deeper understanding of the evolution of 3G and also future enhancements."

Since the early 1990s, when synchronization of chaotic communication systems became a popular research subject, a vast number of scientific papers have been published. However, most of today's books on chaotic communication systems deal exclusively with the systems where perfect synchronization is assumed, an assumption which separates theoretical from practical, real world, systems.

This book is the first of its kind dealing exclusively with the synchronization techniques for chaotic communication systems. It describes a number of novel robust synchronization techniques, which there is a lack of, for single and multi-user chaotic communication systems published and highly cited in world's leading journals in the area. In particular, it presents a solution to the problem of robust chaotic synchronization by presenting the first fully synchronized, highly secure, chaos based DS-CDMA system. The book fills a gap in the existing literature where a number of books exist that deal with chaos and chaotic communications but not with synchronization of chaotic communication systems. It also acts as a bridge between communication system theory and chaotic synchronization by carefully explaining the two concepts and demonstrating how they link into chaotic communication systems. The book also presents a detailed literature review on the topic of synchronization of chaotic communication systems. Furthermore, it presents the literature review on the general topic of chaotic synchronization and how those ideas led to the application of chaotic signals to secure chaotic communication systems. It therefore, in addition to presenting the state of the art systems, also presents a detailed history of chaotic communication systems. In summary, the book stands out in the field of synchronization techniques for chaotic communication systems.

"

Access to Mobile Services focuses on methods for accessing broadcast based M-services from multiple wireless channels. This book presents a novel infrastructure that provides a multi-channel broadcast framework for mobile users to effectively discover and access composite M-services. Multi-channel algorithms are proposed for efficiently accessing composite services.

Access to Mobile Services provides an in-depth survey of wireless data access and motivates the need to treat mobile services differently. A wireless adaptation of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is also covered.

Designed for researchers and practitioners who work in the general area of mobile services, this book is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.

Forewords by:
Michael P. Papazoglou, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Fabio Casati, University of Trento, Italy

Today, networks are evolving to be scalable and have ever-increasing intelligence built into them, thanks to tremendous technical advances in optics, electronics, software, and professional know-how. Optical Network Standards is a single-source reference work on the specifications of networks at all levels - from components through systems to global networks, their management and services they offer. It comprises more than 25 chapters written by expert authors who are collectively responsible for generating the standards and their implementations. Key topics covered here include - harmonization and design of networks to deliver on-demand services crucial to day to day operations; architecture of optical-transport networks; optimization of SONET/SDH infra-structure for data centric services; GFP, VCAT and LCAS; distributed intelligent management and control; ASON and GMPLS; and more.

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) has been proposed as a promising switching architecture to support huge bandwidth requirements in optical backbone networks using Wavelength Multiplexing Division (WDM) technology. Due to its special features which combine the merits of optical circuit switching and packet switching, it can support high-speed transmission with fine bandwidth granularity using off-the-shelf technologies. OBS has attracted a lot of attention from researchers in the optical networking community. This book will be devoted to a comprehensive discussion on the quality of service (QoS) issue in OBS networks since it becomes a critical requirement for optical networks to support QoS requirements. Chapter 1 will discuss about the basic mechanisms to improve overall QoS in OBS networks. Chapter 2 will discuss the basic mechanisms to improve overall QoS in OBS networks. Chapter 3 will discuss the relative QoS differentiation among multiple service classes in OBS networks. Chapter 4 will focus on absolute QoS provisioning in OBS networks. Chapter 5 will discuss the end-to-end QoS provisioning in OBS networks. research directions in OBS networks.

"Geolocation of RF Signals-Principles and Simulations" offers an overview of the best practices and innovative techniques in the art and science of geolocation over the last twenty years. It covers all research and development aspects including theoretical analysis, RF signals, geolocation techniques, key block diagrams, and practical principle simulation examples in the frequency band from 100 MHz to 18 GHz or even 60 GHz. Starting with RF signals, the book progressively examines various signal bands - such as VLF, LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, L, S, C, X, Ku, and, K and the corresponding geolocation requirements per band and per application - to achieve required performance objectives of up to 0 precision. Part II follows a step-by-step approach of RF geolocation techniques and concludes with notes on state-of-the-art geolocation designs as well as advanced features found in signal generator instruments.

Drawing upon years of practical experience and using numerous examples and illustrative applications, Ilir Progri provides a comprehensive introduction to "Geolocation of RF Signals," and includes hands-on real world labs and applications using MATLAB in the areas of: RF signals specifications, RF geolocation distributed wireless communications networks and RF geolocation.

"Geolocation of RF Signals-Principles and Simulations" will be of interest to government agency program managers industry professionals and engineers, academic researchers, faculty and graduate students who are interested in or currently designing, developing and deploying innovative geolocation of RF Signal systems."

This book provides a comprehensive set of optimization and prediction techniques for an enterprise information system. Readers with a background in operations research, system engineering, statistics, or data analytics can use this book as a reference to derive insight from data and use this knowledge as guidance for production management. The authors identify the key challenges in enterprise information management and present results that have emerged from leading-edge research in this domain. Coverage includes topics ranging from task scheduling and resource allocation, to workflow optimization, process time and status prediction, order admission policies optimization, and enterprise service-level performance analysis and prediction. With its emphasis on the above topics, this book provides an in-depth look at enterprise information management solutions that are needed for greater automation and reconfigurability-based fault tolerance, as well as to obtain data-driven recommendations for effective decision-making.

The most complete compilation of millimeter-wave theory and data available, this book addresses those phenomenological characteristics of radar clutter and propagation in the millimeter-wave region that are of particular importance in the design, test and permutation of millimeter-wave sensors. The text provides in-depth information on both electromagnetic propagation and clutter backscatter effects in the millimeter-wave region. Nicholas C. Currie is also the editor of "Radar Reflectivity Measurement: Techniques and Applications" and "Principles and Applications of Millimeter-Wave Radar".

The huge bandwidth of optical fiber was recognized back in the 1970s during the early development of fiber optic technology. For the last two decades, the capacity of experimental and deployed systems has been increasing at a rate of 100-fold each decade-a rate exceeding the increase of integrated circuit speeds. Today, optical communication in the public communication networks has developed from the status of a curiosity into being the dominant technology. Various great challenges arising from the deployment of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) have attracted a lot of efforts from many researchers. Indeed, the optical networking has been a fertile ground for both theoretical researches and experimental studies. This monograph presents the contribution from my past and ongoing research in the optical networking area. The works presented in this book focus more on graph-theoretical and algorithmic aspects of optical networks. Although this book is limited to the works by myself and my coauthors, there are many outstanding achievements made by other individuals, which will be cited in many places in this book. Without the inspiration from their efforts, this book would have never been possible. This monograph is divided into four parts: * Multichannel Optical Networking Architectures, * Broadcast-and-Select Passive Optical Networks, * Wavelength-Switched Optical Networks, * SONET/WDM Optical Networks. The first part consists of the first three chapters. Chapter 1 pro vides a brief survey on the networking architectures of optical trans- XVll xvm MULTICHANNEL OPTICAL NETWORKS port networks, optical access networks and optical premise networks.

This book focuses on the analysis and design of low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded modulations, which are becoming part of several current and future communication systems, such as high-throughput terrestrial and satellite wireless networks. In this book, a two-sided perspective on the design of LDPC coded systems is proposed, encompassing both code/modulation optimization (transmitter side) and detection algorithm design (receiver side). After introducing key concepts on error control coding, in particular LDPC coding, and detection techniques, the book presents several relevant applications. More precisely, by using advanced performance evaluation techniques, such as extrinsic information transfer charts, the optimization of coded modulation schemes are considered for (i) memoryless channels, (ii) dispersive and partial response channels, and (iii) concatenated systems including differential encoding. This book is designed to be used by graduate students working in the field of communication theory, with particular emphasis on LDPC coded communication schemes, and industry experts working on related fields.