Real-Time Video Compression: Techniques and Algorithms introduces the XYZ video compression technique, which operates in three dimensions, eliminating the overhead of motion estimation. First, video compression standards, MPEG and H.261/H.263, are described. They both use asymmetric compression algorithms, based on motion estimation. Their encoders are much more complex than decoders. The XYZ technique uses a symmetric algorithm, based on the Three-Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (3D-DCT). 3D-DCT was originally suggested for compression about twenty years ago; however, at that time the computational complexity of the algorithm was too high, it required large buffer memory, and was not as effective as motion estimation. We have resurrected the 3D-DCT-based video compression algorithm by developing several enhancements to the original algorithm. These enhancements make the algorithm feasible for real-time video compression in applications such as video-on-demand, interactive multimedia, and videoconferencing. The demonstrated results, presented in this book, suggest that the XYZ video compression technique is not only a fast algorithm, but also provides superior compression ratios and high quality of the video compared to existing standard techniques, such as MPEG and H.261/H.263. The elegance of the XYZ technique is in its simplicity, which leads to inexpensive VLSI implementation of any XYZ codec. Real-Time Video Compression: Techniques and Algorithms can be used as a text for graduate students and researchers working in the area of real-time video compression. In addition, the book serves as an essential reference for professionals in the field.

This book describes the design of a receiver front-end circuit for operation in the 60GHz range in 90nm CMOS. Physical layout of the test circuit and post-layout simulations for the implementation of a test chip including the QVCO and the first stage divider are also presented. The content of this book is particularly of interest to those working on mm-wave frequency generation and signal reception.

Low-Power CMOS Wireless Communications: A Wideband CDMA System Design focuses on the issues behind the development of a high-bandwidth, silicon complementary metal-oxide silicon (CMOS) low-power transceiver system for mobile RF wireless data communications. In the design of any RF communications system, three distinct factors must be considered: the propagation environment in question, the multiplexing and modulation of user data streams, and the complexity of hardware required to implement the desired link. None of these can be allowed to dominate. Coupling between system design and implementation is the key to simultaneously achieving high bandwidth and low power and is emphasized throughout the book. The material presented in Low-Power CMOS Wireless Communications: A Wideband CDMA System Design is the result of broadband wireless systems research done at the University of California, Berkeley. The wireless development was motivated by a much larger collaborative effort known as the Infopad Project, which was centered on developing a mobile information terminal for multimedia content - a wireless network computer'. The desire for mobility, combined with the need to support potentially hundreds of users simultaneously accessing full-motion digital video, demanded a wireless solution that was of far lower power and higher data rate than could be provided by existing systems. That solution is the topic of this book: a case study of not only wireless systems designs, but also the implementation of such a link, down to the analog and digital circuit level.

This book describes innovative design solutions for radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags and antennas. Focusing mainly on passive ultra-high-frequency (UHF)-RFID tag antennas, it examines novel approaches based on the use of metamaterial-inspired resonators and other resonant structures as radiating elements. It also offers an exhaustive analysis of the radiation properties of several metamaterial-inspired resonators such as the split ring resonator (SRR) and related structures. Further, it discusses in detail an innovative technology for the RFID tagging of optical discs, which has demonstrated a significant improvement over the state of the art and resulted in a patent. By covering the entire research cycle of theory, design/simulation and fabrication/evaluation of RFID tags and antennas, while also reporting on cutting-edge technologies, the book provides graduate students, researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive and timely overview of RFID systems, and a closer look at several radiating structures.

Testing of Communicating Systems presents the latest worldwide results in both the theory and practice of the testing of communicating systems. This volume provides a forum that brings together the substantial volume of research on the testing of communicating systems, ranging from conference testing through interoperability testing to performance and QoS testing. The following topics are discussed in detail: Types of testing; Phases of the testing process; Classes of systems to be tested; and Theory and practice of testing.GBP/LISTGBP This book contains the selected proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on the Testing of Communicating Systems (formerly the International Workshop on Protocol Test Systems), sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), and held in Budapest, Hungary, in September 1999. The book contains not only interesting research on testing different communication technologies from telecom and datacom systems to distributed systems, but also presents reports on the application of these results in industry. Testing of Communicating Systems will be essential reading for engineers, IT managers and research personnel working in computer science and telecommunications.

This book presents theory and latest application work in Bond Graph methodology with a focus on: * Hybrid dynamical system models, * Model-based fault diagnosis, model-based fault tolerant control, fault prognosis * and also addresses * Open thermodynamic systems with compressible fluid flow, * Distributed parameter models of mechanical subsystems. In addition, the book covers various applications of current interest ranging from motorised wheelchairs, in-vivo surgery robots, walking machines to wind-turbines.The up-to-date presentation has been made possible by experts who are active members of the worldwide bond graph modelling community. This book is the completely revised 2nd edition of the 2011 Springer compilation text titled Bond Graph Modelling of Engineering Systems - Theory, Applications and Software Support. It extends the presentation of theory and applications of graph methodology by new developments and latest research results. Like the first edition, this book addresses readers in academia as well as practitioners in industry and invites experts in related fields to consider the potential and the state-of-the-art of bond graph modelling.

The general trend of modern network devices towards greater intelligence and programmability is accelerating the development of systems that are increasingly autonomous and to a certain degree self-managing. Examples range from router scripting environments to fully programmable server blades. This has opened up a new field of computer science research, reflected in this new volume. This selection of contributions to the first ever international workshop on network-embedded management applications (NEMA) features six papers selected from submissions to the workshop, held in October 2010 at Niagara Falls, Canada. They represent a wide cross-section of the current work in this vital field of inquiry. Covering a diversity of perspectives, the volume's dual structure first of all examines the 'enablers' for NEMAs-the platforms, frameworks, and development environments which facilitate the evolution of network-embedded management and applications. The second section of the book covers network-embedded applications that might both empower and benefit from such enabling platforms. These papers cover topics ranging from deciding where to best place management control functions inside a network to a discussion of how multi-core hardware processors can be leveraged for traffic filtering applications. The section concludes with an analysis of a delay-tolerant network application in the context of the 'One Laptop per Child' program. There is a growing recognition that it is vital to make network operation and administration as easy as possible to contain operational expenses and cope with ever shorter control cycles. This volume provides researchers in the field with the very latest in current thinking.

This volume contains the lectures given in honor to Georg Farber as tribute to his contributions in the area of real-time and embedded systems. The chapters of many leading scientists cover a wide range of aspects, like robot or automotive vision systems or medical aspects. "

The Nonuniform Discrete Fourier Transform and its Applications in Signal Processing is organized into seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the problem of computing frequency samples of the z-transform of a finite-length sequence, and reviews the existing techniques. Chapter 2 develops the basics of the NDFT including its definition, properties and computational aspects. The NDFT is also extended to two dimensions. The ideas introduced here are utilized to develop applications of the NDFT in the following four chapters. Chapter 3 proposes a nonuniform frequency sampling technique for designing 1-D FIR digital filters. Design examples are presented for various types of filters. Chapter 4 utilizes the idea of the 2-D NDFT to design nonseparable 2-D FIR filters of various types. The resulting filters are compared with those designed by other existing methods and the performances of some of these filters are investigated by applying them to the decimation of digital images. Chapter 5 develops a design technique for synthesizing antenna patterns with nulls placed at desired angles to cancel interfering signals coming from these directions. Chapter 6 addresses the application of the NDFT in decoding dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signals and presents an efficient decoding algorithm based on the subband NDFT (SB-NDFT), which achieves a fast, approximate computation of the NDFT. Concluding remarks are included in Chapter 7. The Nonuniform Discrete Fourier Transform and its Applications in Signal Processing serves as an excellent reference for researchers.

In June 2000, GTEL (Wireless Telecommunications Research Group) at the F- eral University of Ceara was founded by Professor Rodrigo Cavalcanti and his c- leagues with the mission of developing wireless communications technology and impact the development of the Brazilian telecommunications sector. From the start, this research effort has been supported by Ericsson Research providing a dynamic environment where academia and industry together can address timely and relevant research challenges. This book summarized much of the research output that has resulted from GTEL's efforts. It provides a comprehensive treatment of the physical and multiple access layers in mobile communication systems describing different generations of systems but with a focus on 3G systems. The team of Professor C- alcanti has contributed scienti cally to the development of this eld and built up an impressive expertise. In the chapters that follow, they share their views and kno- edge on the underlying principles and technical trade-offs when designing the air interface of 3G systems. The complexity of 3G systems and the interaction between the physical and m- tiple access layers present a tremendous challenge when modeling, designing, and analyzing the mobile communication system. Herein, the authors tackle this pr- lem in an impressive manner. Their work is very much in line with the developments in 3GPP providing a deeper understanding of the evolution of 3G and also future enhancements."

Since the early 1990s, when synchronization of chaotic communication systems became a popular research subject, a vast number of scientific papers have been published. However, most of today's books on chaotic communication systems deal exclusively with the systems where perfect synchronization is assumed, an assumption which separates theoretical from practical, real world, systems.

This book is the first of its kind dealing exclusively with the synchronization techniques for chaotic communication systems. It describes a number of novel robust synchronization techniques, which there is a lack of, for single and multi-user chaotic communication systems published and highly cited in world's leading journals in the area. In particular, it presents a solution to the problem of robust chaotic synchronization by presenting the first fully synchronized, highly secure, chaos based DS-CDMA system. The book fills a gap in the existing literature where a number of books exist that deal with chaos and chaotic communications but not with synchronization of chaotic communication systems. It also acts as a bridge between communication system theory and chaotic synchronization by carefully explaining the two concepts and demonstrating how they link into chaotic communication systems. The book also presents a detailed literature review on the topic of synchronization of chaotic communication systems. Furthermore, it presents the literature review on the general topic of chaotic synchronization and how those ideas led to the application of chaotic signals to secure chaotic communication systems. It therefore, in addition to presenting the state of the art systems, also presents a detailed history of chaotic communication systems. In summary, the book stands out in the field of synchronization techniques for chaotic communication systems.

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Access to Mobile Services focuses on methods for accessing broadcast based M-services from multiple wireless channels. This book presents a novel infrastructure that provides a multi-channel broadcast framework for mobile users to effectively discover and access composite M-services. Multi-channel algorithms are proposed for efficiently accessing composite services.

Access to Mobile Services provides an in-depth survey of wireless data access and motivates the need to treat mobile services differently. A wireless adaptation of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is also covered.

Designed for researchers and practitioners who work in the general area of mobile services, this book is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.

Forewords by:
Michael P. Papazoglou, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Fabio Casati, University of Trento, Italy

Today, networks are evolving to be scalable and have ever-increasing intelligence built into them, thanks to tremendous technical advances in optics, electronics, software, and professional know-how. Optical Network Standards is a single-source reference work on the specifications of networks at all levels - from components through systems to global networks, their management and services they offer. It comprises more than 25 chapters written by expert authors who are collectively responsible for generating the standards and their implementations. Key topics covered here include - harmonization and design of networks to deliver on-demand services crucial to day to day operations; architecture of optical-transport networks; optimization of SONET/SDH infra-structure for data centric services; GFP, VCAT and LCAS; distributed intelligent management and control; ASON and GMPLS; and more.

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) has been proposed as a promising switching architecture to support huge bandwidth requirements in optical backbone networks using Wavelength Multiplexing Division (WDM) technology. Due to its special features which combine the merits of optical circuit switching and packet switching, it can support high-speed transmission with fine bandwidth granularity using off-the-shelf technologies. OBS has attracted a lot of attention from researchers in the optical networking community. This book will be devoted to a comprehensive discussion on the quality of service (QoS) issue in OBS networks since it becomes a critical requirement for optical networks to support QoS requirements. Chapter 1 will discuss about the basic mechanisms to improve overall QoS in OBS networks. Chapter 2 will discuss the basic mechanisms to improve overall QoS in OBS networks. Chapter 3 will discuss the relative QoS differentiation among multiple service classes in OBS networks. Chapter 4 will focus on absolute QoS provisioning in OBS networks. Chapter 5 will discuss the end-to-end QoS provisioning in OBS networks. research directions in OBS networks.

"Geolocation of RF Signals-Principles and Simulations" offers an overview of the best practices and innovative techniques in the art and science of geolocation over the last twenty years. It covers all research and development aspects including theoretical analysis, RF signals, geolocation techniques, key block diagrams, and practical principle simulation examples in the frequency band from 100 MHz to 18 GHz or even 60 GHz. Starting with RF signals, the book progressively examines various signal bands - such as VLF, LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, L, S, C, X, Ku, and, K and the corresponding geolocation requirements per band and per application - to achieve required performance objectives of up to 0 precision. Part II follows a step-by-step approach of RF geolocation techniques and concludes with notes on state-of-the-art geolocation designs as well as advanced features found in signal generator instruments.

Drawing upon years of practical experience and using numerous examples and illustrative applications, Ilir Progri provides a comprehensive introduction to "Geolocation of RF Signals," and includes hands-on real world labs and applications using MATLAB in the areas of: RF signals specifications, RF geolocation distributed wireless communications networks and RF geolocation.

"Geolocation of RF Signals-Principles and Simulations" will be of interest to government agency program managers industry professionals and engineers, academic researchers, faculty and graduate students who are interested in or currently designing, developing and deploying innovative geolocation of RF Signal systems."

This book provides a comprehensive set of optimization and prediction techniques for an enterprise information system. Readers with a background in operations research, system engineering, statistics, or data analytics can use this book as a reference to derive insight from data and use this knowledge as guidance for production management. The authors identify the key challenges in enterprise information management and present results that have emerged from leading-edge research in this domain. Coverage includes topics ranging from task scheduling and resource allocation, to workflow optimization, process time and status prediction, order admission policies optimization, and enterprise service-level performance analysis and prediction. With its emphasis on the above topics, this book provides an in-depth look at enterprise information management solutions that are needed for greater automation and reconfigurability-based fault tolerance, as well as to obtain data-driven recommendations for effective decision-making.

The most complete compilation of millimeter-wave theory and data available, this book addresses those phenomenological characteristics of radar clutter and propagation in the millimeter-wave region that are of particular importance in the design, test and permutation of millimeter-wave sensors. The text provides in-depth information on both electromagnetic propagation and clutter backscatter effects in the millimeter-wave region. Nicholas C. Currie is also the editor of "Radar Reflectivity Measurement: Techniques and Applications" and "Principles and Applications of Millimeter-Wave Radar".

The huge bandwidth of optical fiber was recognized back in the 1970s during the early development of fiber optic technology. For the last two decades, the capacity of experimental and deployed systems has been increasing at a rate of 100-fold each decade-a rate exceeding the increase of integrated circuit speeds. Today, optical communication in the public communication networks has developed from the status of a curiosity into being the dominant technology. Various great challenges arising from the deployment of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) have attracted a lot of efforts from many researchers. Indeed, the optical networking has been a fertile ground for both theoretical researches and experimental studies. This monograph presents the contribution from my past and ongoing research in the optical networking area. The works presented in this book focus more on graph-theoretical and algorithmic aspects of optical networks. Although this book is limited to the works by myself and my coauthors, there are many outstanding achievements made by other individuals, which will be cited in many places in this book. Without the inspiration from their efforts, this book would have never been possible. This monograph is divided into four parts: * Multichannel Optical Networking Architectures, * Broadcast-and-Select Passive Optical Networks, * Wavelength-Switched Optical Networks, * SONET/WDM Optical Networks. The first part consists of the first three chapters. Chapter 1 pro vides a brief survey on the networking architectures of optical trans- XVll xvm MULTICHANNEL OPTICAL NETWORKS port networks, optical access networks and optical premise networks.

This book focuses on the analysis and design of low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded modulations, which are becoming part of several current and future communication systems, such as high-throughput terrestrial and satellite wireless networks. In this book, a two-sided perspective on the design of LDPC coded systems is proposed, encompassing both code/modulation optimization (transmitter side) and detection algorithm design (receiver side). After introducing key concepts on error control coding, in particular LDPC coding, and detection techniques, the book presents several relevant applications. More precisely, by using advanced performance evaluation techniques, such as extrinsic information transfer charts, the optimization of coded modulation schemes are considered for (i) memoryless channels, (ii) dispersive and partial response channels, and (iii) concatenated systems including differential encoding. This book is designed to be used by graduate students working in the field of communication theory, with particular emphasis on LDPC coded communication schemes, and industry experts working on related fields.

The International conference on Personal Wireless Communications (PWC 2007) was the twelfth conference of its series aimed at stimulating technical exchange between researchers, practitioners and students interested in mobile computing and wireless networks. The program covered a variety of research topics that are of current interest, including Ad-Hoc Networks, WiMAX, Heterogeneous Networks, Wireless Networking, QoS and Security, Sensor Networks, Multicast and Signal processing.

This book presents effective ways to partition mobile devices such that the enterprise system access and its information are completely separated from the personal information. For those using mobile devices for personal and business purposes, the ability to keep the data secure and separate is critical. The applications for security in smart platforms range from personal email accounts to global enterprise systems. Several approaches for mobile virtualization are described, all creating secure and secluded environments for enterprise information. The authors present a reference architecture that allows for integration with existing enterprise mobile device management systems and provides a lightweight solution for containerizing mobile applications. This solution is then benchmarked with several of the existing mobile virtualization solutions across a range of mobile devices. Virtualization Techniques for Mobile Systems is an excellent resource for researchers and professionals working in mobile systems. Advanced-level students studying computer science and electrical engineering will also find the content helpful.

This book describes various methods to enhance the directivity of planar antennas, enabling the next generation of high frequency, wireless communication. The authors discuss various applications to the terahertz regime of the electromagnetic spectrum, with an emphasis on gain enhancement mechanisms. The numerical models of these antennas are presented and the analytical results are supported, using commercial simulators. The multilayer substrate microstrip transmission line at terahertz frequency is also explored and a method to obtain the various parameters of this interconnect at high frequency is described. This book will be a valuable resource for anyone needing to explore the terahertz band gap for future wireless communication, in an effort to solve the bandwidth (spectrum scarcity) problem.

Most queuing analyses performed in the literature are based on characterization of queueing phenomena in continuous-time items. Recently in the telecommunication industries, BISDN (broadband integrated services digital network) has received considerable attention since it can provide a common interface for future communication needs including video, data, and speech. Since information in BISDN is transported by means of dicsrete units of 53-octet ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) cells, interests in discrete-time systems have increased. Discrete-Time Models for Communication Systems Including ATM provides a general framework for queueing analyses of dicrete-time systems. After a brief look at past studies of discrete-time systems, a detailed description and analysis are presented for a generic discrete-time model with a single server, arbitrary service times and independent arrivals. The book then follows a less stringent approach and focuses more on the average statistics and on different queueing disciplines. Conventional first-in-out and last-in-first-out disciplines are discussed in terms of the average statistics. Systems with multiple classes of messages without class-dependent priorities are considered to establish a discrete-time conservation law. Multiple classes with priorities are also considered to derive performance measures of priority scheduling disciplines. Finally, a multi-queue system with cyclic service is analyzed in the context of round-robin service ordering. This is followed by analyses of discrete-time queueing systems with more complicate' input and output processes. Specifically, single-server systems are investigated whereby either the arrivals or the server issubject to random interruptions. Results are mainly obtained in terms of generating functions and mean values of the principal performance measures. The influence of the nature of the arrival correlation and the server interruptions on the queueing behavior is discussed. Finally, the book explores queueing models directly associated with ATM switches and multiplexers. This book is a valuable reference and may be used as a text for and advanced course on the subject.