This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, FMCAD '96, held in Palo Alto, California, USA, in November 1996.
The 25 revised full papers presented were selected from a total of 65 submissions; also included are three invited survey papers and four tutorial contributions. The volume covers all relevant formal aspects of work in computer-aided systems design, including verification, synthesis, and testing.

Dieses Buch bietet eine systematische Einfuhrung in dieses neue Arbeitsfeld der automatischen Bildanalyse. Es behandelt samtliche wichtigen Teilaspekte, beginnend mit der Gewinnung von Tiefenbildern durch passive und aktive Verfahren uber die Extraktion charakteristischer Flachenmerkmale und die Segmentierung bis hin zur modellbasierten Objekterkennung. Daneben werden konkrete Anwendungen der Tiefenbildanalyse vorgestellt. Die Didaktik des Buches erlaubt es Forschern und Praktikern, sich selbstandig in dieses Gebiet einzuarbeiten. Das teilweise schwer zugangliche Material wurde in einheitlicher Notation und verstandlicher Form aufbereitet. Die beschriebenen Verfahren koennen damit leicht auf dem Computer implementiert werden. Die Literaturhinweise geben einen vollstandigen UEberblick uber die aktuelle Forschung.

PREFACE Getting Faster Answers About AutoCAD Whether you are a beginning AutoCAD user, a part-time user, or even a long-standing user, it is virtually impossible to remember every nuance and every option for every AutoCAD command and variable. We have all had questions like "Can I do it this way with that command?" or "How do I get this sequence to work?" It is more important to know where to find information about AutoCAD commands than to remember it all. This reference guide is designed to give you fast access to AutoCAD's commands, variables, and key topics. Each command, variable, and topic is presented alphabetically and described simply and to the point. The complexities of commands and variables are explained with tips and warnings learned from experience. Why This Book Is Different This guide pulls AutoCAD commands, variables, and topics into one easy-to-use refer ence that brings important information about every AutoCAD command and variable to your fmgertips. The guide is not limited to a mere listing of commands and variables and what they do. It also helps you cents Find commands and variables quickly to get key descriptions cents Get tips and warnings that will save you time cents See example sequences and screen shots illustrating how to use commands and variables cents Identify variables for use with commands, menu macros, and AutoLISP Who Does This Book Benefit? This book is intended to be used by a person having some basic knowledge o

This volume presents a collection of revised refereed papers selected from the presentations at the Fourth International Workshop on Computer Aided Systems Theory - CAST '94, held in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada in May 1994.
The 31 full papers included in the book were chosen from originally 82 submissions and reflect the state of the art in the area of computer aided systems theory. The volume is divided into sections on foundations, methods, and tools and environments.

Product Data Technology encompasses the information related to all stages in the product life cycle from product design via production planning, production processes, production control etc. through the delivery and operational stages of the technical product. Product Data Technology takes a coherent, unified view of the information captured in this whole life cycle and provides methodologies to support this integrated perspective. The Product Data Technology Advisory Group (PDTAG), a Special Interest Group of the CIME Division of the Commission of the European Communities founded in 1991, has encouraged the formation of a new subseries on Product Data Technology within the existing series of Research Reports ESPRIT. This subseries will provide a depository for the important contributions made by ESPRIT projects to the evolving area of Product Data Technology, particularly also those based on STEP (ISO 10303). PDTAG is grateful to Springer Publishers for establishing this subseries which will serve to report recent international developments in Product Data Technology. The current volume describes the results of the ESPRIT Project CACID (Proj. No. 5168), dealing with the subject of computer-aided concurrent integral design. Concurrent engineering provides an important enhancement of computer-aided product design by offering a framework and methodology for the management of design projects with multiple parallel tasks. Concurrent Engineering is one of the important growth areas for Product Data Technology.

This book contains a selection of papers about a broad range of topics relating to CAD modelling and graphics. These papers present an excellent overview of the research and application work done at different R&D institutions in Europe and USA. The papers are grouped into sections. First, issues in feature-based product development (such as representation of form features, consistency management, and reasoning) are addressed from different perspectives. Next, CAD models and architectures are introduced from an application perspective. Then some design techniques are presented. The following sections deal with communication in design and analysis, input and interaction techniques, and visualization.

This book presents a collection of revised refereed papers selected from the contributions to the Fifth International Workshop on Computer Aided Systems Theory, EUROCAST '95, held in Innsbruck, Austria in May 1995.
The 42 full papers contained have been contributed by CAST theoreticians, tool-makers, designers, and appliers and reflect the full spectrum of activities in the area. The papers are organized in sections on systems theory, design environments, complex systems design, and specific applications.

It is well-known that some 85% of the resources necessary to design and bring to market a product are committed by decisions taken in the first 10% of the design activity. This together with the wish to reduce further the time-to-market of high quality innovative products has increased the need for computer support at the conceptual design stage of the engineering design process life-style. This proceedings firmly focuses on the continuing research into new uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) during the conceptual design process. It shows how novel applications of AI may be integrated with aspects of solid modelling, simulation optimisation and multiple criterion decision- making. A particular emphasis is placed on the use of AI methods in the overall design of products from major Civil Engineering structures to Consumer Electronics.

AutoCAD is the most widely used computer-aided design package in the world. Underneath AutoCAD is a powerful computing language called AutoLISP. This language is designed to automate many functions of AutoCAD. This book is a hands-on introduction to AutoLISP and its applications. AutoLISP is a unique and powerful language that allows you to write, debug, and modify programs extremely quickly, once you understand how the language itself works. Part I contains an easy-to-learn pictorial representation for data and code, a tool used to easily solve problems otherwise approached through trial and error method. Essential AutoLISP is the only book in its field that uses the pictorial representation. Part II is devoted to learning how AutoLISP processes the code entered. Part V not only explains the causes of most common error messages and how to solve them, but examines many other errors that don't necessarily give messages.

Das Buch fuhrt in die CAE-Methoden ein und behandelt die spezifischen Fragestellungen von CAE-Methoden in der Fahrzeugtechnik. Zunachst werden Grundlagen zur Modellbildung und zu Diskretisierungsverfahren fur partielle Differentialgleichungen dargestellt. Die anschliessenden Kapitel beschreiben die Inhalte Temperaturausgleich, Mehrkorpersimulationen sowie Statik und Dynamik elastischer Korper. Es folgt ein Kapitel uber Finite-Elemente. Anschliessend werden die fahrzeugspezifischen Themen Crash- und Insassensimulation, Akustik, Statik und Dynamik von Rohkarosserien, Mehrkorpersimulationen und Lebensdauer, Stromungssimulation und Reifen-Fahrbahn-Wechselwirkungen behandelt. Erganzt werden die Inhalte durch Kapitel uber nichtlineare Phanomene und Optimierungsverfahren."

What is AutoCAD? AutoCAD is the world's most popular computer-aided drafting package for the personal computer (PC). It is a fully functional 2D and 3D CAD program. Full 3D wire frame representation was incorporated in the program with the launch of Release 10 in 1988. Release 11 brought additional 3D facilities in cluding some solid modelling capabilities. These capabilities were enhanced with Release 12 of the program for DOS and Windows. Its popularity has made AutoCAD the de facto industry standard for PC-CAD with a host of other program developers providing application software conforming to the AutoCAD format. As a fully functional drafting program, AutoCAD can achieve anything that can be drawn on a drawing board. The main benefits of CAD come more from being able to edit and exchange drawing information rapidly rather than simply replacing the drawing board. Starting to use AutoCAD is a difficult step as it requires a certain amount of new skill development. Once you have made the commitment to learn how to use the program and implement it in your everyday work the benefits will soon accrue. You will quickly discover that there are many things that you can do with AutoCAD that you could never do with a drawing board. With AutoCAD your drawings become more than just black lines on a white sheet of paper. The AutoCAD drawing is a database of information."

This book combines a deep understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of design and form (geometries with an understanding and treatment of Computer Aided Design (CAD) techniques. It enables readers and users to gain a more global working perspective in any field where the implementation of 2- and 3-dimensional design is necessary, from engineering, architecture, art, and a wide variety of computer-related fields and industries.

Das erste Fachgesprach "Autonome Mobile Systeme" fand im November 1985 in Karlsruhe statt. Es wurde von P. Levi und U. Rembold veranstaltet und hatte zum Ziel, die damals noch jungen Aktivitaten auf diesem Gebiet in der damaligen Bundesrepublik Deutschland zu sortie- ren und vollstlindig darzustellen. Dieses Fachgebiet hat mittlerweile einen solchen Umfang angenommen, daB von einer vollstlindigen Darstellung der entsprechenden Arbeiten nicht mehr die Rede sein kann. Neuere Fachgesprache vermitteln daher nur reprlisentive Querschnitte und bertlcksichtigen seit den beiden letzen Jahren auch internationale Beitrage. Mit der Anzahl der Beitrage wuchs auch der Fachgesprachsbeirat, ihm gehoren seit einigen Jahren die filnf Mitglieder an, die auch die Beitrage dieses Bandes ausgewahlt haben. Ferner wuchs auch die Anzahl der veranstaltenden Hochschulen an. Das Fachgesprach wurde sieben- mal in Karlsruhe veranstaltet, zweimal fand es in Mtinchen statt, wobei es 1987 mit dem Kolloquium des erfolgreichen SFB 331 "Informationsverarbeitung in autonomen, mobilen Handhabungssystemen" zusammengelegt wurde. Zu seinem lOjlihrigen Jubilaum wird das Fachgesprach dieses Jahr in Stuttgart veranstaltet. Damit verbunden ist eine Neuerung beim Tagungsband. Er erscheint erstmals in der Serie "Informatik aktuell" und solI damit filr eine verswkte Breitenwirkung unseres Fachgespraches sorgen.

Designers are more in-demand than ever, and companies worldwide are creating new leadership roles to manage them. With only a few select institutions teaching effective design management practices, self-taught designers are on the rise, and resources are needed to guide them. Design Management is here to hone your capacity to manage like a leader and magnify your team's potential, demonstrating how to combine managerial and leadership competencies leveraging neuroscience, psychology, and sociology notions. This book will help eager designers learn the behavioral abilities required to create, lead and manage high-performing design teams using a systemic, context-agnostic, and therefore repeatable approach. While effective design management is vital in these times of complexity and fast change in organizations, the available literature is insufficient, predominately informative, not based on research, and not actionable. Design Management fills that gap by illuminating the skills you need to lead your team to success. Come away from Design Management with confidence about how to manage like a leader leveraging different leadership mindsets to nurture creative collaboration and optimize the design operations. Whether you are a designer preparing for the first leadership role or an already established design manager intentioned to expand attitudinal and behavioral competencies, this book belongs on your shelf. Design Management is here to assist you in the long haul.

This volume contains a selection of papers presented at the third European Computer Aided Systems Theory workshop, EUROCAST '93, held in Spain in February 1993. The workshop emphasizes interdisciplinarity with the specificgoal of creating a synergy between fields such as systems theory, computer science, systems engineering and related areas. The contributions in this volume are strongly related to current problems in CAST research. They emphasize an engineering point of view concerning systems theory. Since the computer is an essential instrument in CAST research, there are close relations to specific topics incomputer science. The papers are grouped into parts on systems theory and systems technology, specific methods, and applications.

The Product Data Technology Advisory Group, short PDTAG, was established on 30 September 1992 under the auspices of the ESPRIT CIME Division of the Directorate General XIII of the European Commission. Its goals include promoting European cooperation and improving the European infrastructure in Product Data Technology, particularly in connection with the new standard STEP (ISO 10303). The dissemination of information on Product Data Technology and on European contributions to STEP is of crucial importance to this development. The current volume is the first title in a new PDTAG subseries to Springer Publishers' Research Reports ESPRIT. This new subseries intends to form a comprehensive repository of publications on Product Data Technology resulting from ESPRIT Projects and from European contributions to standardisation based on ISO/STEP. PDTAG welcomes the opportunity to make this information more accessible under the format of a coherent subseries within the established framework of Research Reports ESPRIT. Much valuable background on the new international PDT standard can thus be found in the same collection.

For more than two decades, the Beginning AutoCAD Exercise Workbook has been THE definitive tutorial for those learning and teaching about the CAD software. As the AutoCAD package has continued to improve, so has this work, with better graphics, enhanced standard features (such as CAD Tips and side-by-side inch/metric measurements) and additional practical exercises. AutoCAD 2020 is packed with new features. The Exercise Workbook shows users and instructors how to unleash the power of AutoCAD with easy-to-follow lessons and tutorials on the many tools and commands available to create, tweak, and perfect a drafting, drawing, design, or 3D printed final product. Visual learners will be especially pleased with the heavily illustrated format, and the way the authors' lessons and exercises progress seamlessly from the basics to more sophisticated projects. For users of AutoCAD, there is simply no better resource on the market. CAD TIPS AND INCH/METRIC MEASUREMENTS. This top selling Workbook includes a dynamic feature called CAD Tips interspersed throughout the lessons to provide insider information from longtime AutoCAD experts. Side-by-side inch/metric measurements make the work accessible to AutoCAD users around the globe. NEW FEATURES IN AUTOCAD 2020: Dark and light theme, making the command buttons to stand out more, and making the interface look more like the Windows 10 operating system dialog box appearance. New Blocks Palette, allowing users to view blocks before inserting them, with the added ability to insert blocks from current, recent, and saved drawings. Purge, making it easier to find and remove unused layers, text object, dimension styles, etc. Drawing Compare Enhancements, enabling users to compare 2 drawings and actually edit them at the same time. Quick Measure, revealing the size of all objects in length, width, angles, radius, or diameter.

The working conference dealt with recent developments in the field of modelling and optimization and with knowledge based decision support systems. This contributed to the realiza- tion of the aims of the working group 7.6 which are: - to promote theoretical research in the field of optimization including mathematical programming and optimal control; -to encourage the development of sophisticated knowledge based systems in which refined optimization models and algorithms are used; - to contribute to the exchange and dissemination of information and collective experience among the inter- ested groups and individuals; - to support the practical ap- plication of such systems in control, engineering, industry, economy etc. A selection of papers is included into this proceedings vo- lume since they reflect the current state of research in areas of interest to the field of (KB)DDS, and/or they are the value for the dissemination and exchange of information related to research topicsof interest, and/or they describe relevant practical experience related to designing, buil- ding, implementing and using (KB)DSS.

Die Tagung CAD '92 ist die erste Fachtagung der Gesellschaft f}r Informatik zum Thema "Rechnerunterst}tztes Entwerfen und Konstruieren". Schwerpunkte der Tagung sind neue Konzepte zur Realisierung anwendungsorientierter CAD-Systeme. Der Einsatz und die Entwicklung zuk}nftiger Generationen von CAD-Systemen werden von den folgenden Aspekten gepr{gt sein: - zunehmende Funktionalit{t - Erweiterung von Basis-Systemen um Anwendungsmodule - produktorientierte Konstruktions- und Arbeitsplanungslogiken - benutzergerechte und anwendungsbezogene Gestaltung der Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation - anforderungsgerechte Informationsbereitstellung f}r die Produktionsvorbereitung - Anwendung von Methoden der Wissensverarbeitung - zunehmende internationale Standardisierung - Wirtschaftlichkeit und Produktivit{t Das Ziel der Tagung ist daher die Darstellung innovativer Technologien, Methodologien undKonzepte der Informatik f}r den integrativen und wirtschaftlichen Einsatz der Rechnerunterst}tzung in Entwicklung, Konstruktion und Arbeitsplanung.

This volume contains the 5 invited papers and 72 selected papers that were presented at the Fifth International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. This is the first IEA/AIE conference to take place outside the USA: more than 120 papers were received from 23 countries, clearly indicating the international character of the conference series. Each paper was reviewed by at least three referees. The papers are grouped into parts on: CAM, reasoning and modelling, pattern recognition, software engineering and AI/ES, CAD, vision, verification and validation, neural networks, machine learning, fuzzy logic and control, robotics, design and architecture, configuration, finance, knowledge-based systems, knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition and language processing, reasoning and decision support, intelligent interfaces/DB and tutoring, fault diagnosis, planning and scheduling, and data/sensor fusion.

This volume contains a selection of papers presented at the second European workshop EUROCAST '91, held in Krems, Austria, in April 1991. It gives an overview of the current state of Computer Aided Systems Theory research and its relation to CAD applications in the engineering fields. CAST research requires the application of the most advanced information processing technology in software and hardware for the implementation of CAST method base systems. Engineers in the field of information and control engineering have the opportunity in CAST to present the state ofthe art in modeling tools to computer scientists. EUROCAST '91 proved that CAST research is still in an early state of development. The papers in the volume are organized into sections on systems theory and CAST methodology, modeling environments, CAST method base systems and artificial vision, and information and control systems.

Algorithms provide the basic foundation for all computational processes. This volume presents algorithms at the foundational level and also at the various levels between this level and the user application. Some of these algorithms are classical and have become well established in the field. This material is therefore a rich source of information and is still relevant and up to date. The basic primitives of computer graphics have remained unchanged: lines, circles, conics, curves and characters. This volume contains reference material in all these areas. The higher levelsof contouring and surface drawing are also well covered. Developments in hardware architectures have continued since the first printing, but the basic principles of hardware/software trade-offs remain valid. This reprint is being published as a Study Edition to make the material more accessible to students and researchers in the field of computer graphics andits applications. The continuing popularity of the original book demonstrates the value and timeliness of its contents.

With the SPARC (Scalable Processor ARChitecture) architecture and system software as the underlying foundation, Sun Microsys terns is delivering a new model of computing-easy workgroup computing-to enhance the way people work, automating processes across groups, departments, and teams locally and globally. Sun and a large and growing number of companies in the computer industry have embarked on a new approach to meet the needs of computer users and system developers in the 1990s. Originated by Sun, the approach targets users who need a range of compatible computer systems with a variety of application soft ware and want the option to buy those systems from a choice of vendors. The approach also meets the needs of system developers to be part of a broad, growing market of compatible systems and software-developers who need to design products quickly and cost-effecti vel y. The SPARe approach ensures that computer systems can be easy to use for all classes of users and members of the workgroup, end users, system administrators, and software developers. For the end user, the SPARC technologies facilitate system set-up and the daily use of various applications. For the system administrator supporting the computer installation, setting up and monitoring the network are easier. For the software developer, there are ad vanced development tools and support. Furthermore, the features of the SPARC hardware and software technologies ensure that SPARC systems and applications play an important role in the years to come."

This text provides managers of architecture/engineering firms with advice on how to organize and streamline their computer-aided drafting and design (CADD) departments. Strategies are included for setups ranging from a two-person team to an extensive workstation network led by a CADD Systems Manager. The authors cover software selection, standards of operations, proper styles of department management, and systems of reoganization and storage that promote quicker file access. A chapter on CADD disaster-handling helps users recognize warning signs, make the right diagnosis, and avoid typical pitfalls. A straightforward guide to AutoCAD simplifies use of customized commands to meet specific needs. Sample training programs for engineers and other CADD users make it easy to bring office professionals into the systems. Pros and cons of different workstations layouts, managerial organizations, and plotter choices are thoroughly discussed. CADD graphics standards, menu systems for CADD and CADD workstation distribution are also covered. Numerous illustrations througout clarify key concepts. This book should be of interest to managers of architecture/engineering firms.

In 1984, while I was following his postgraduate course on VLSI design, my supervisor Dr. David Skellern, asked me if I was interested in investigating intelligent approaches to automatic Ie floorplanning. He told me then: "a circuit that works always looks nice, has a clever data and control flow. A fast way to look at students' Ie projects is by looking at their fioorplans.". Later, I took a course on Knowledge Engineering (KE) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Professor John Gero, who encouraged me to investigate this area of design automation. The resources for such development were really poor at IS&E as KE was a relatively new field of research in Australia at that time. \'Vhatever the difficulties (a good programmmer never blames his tools as David Skellern used to tell me), I undertook the investigation of Knowledge-Based approaches to Ie ftoor planning as my PhD thesis subject with the help of my supervisor and John Gero and the encouragement of all researchers at IS&E , who provided an exciting environment for my research. This volume reports the results of my research during 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987. The voulme deals with Ie ftoorplanning from four perspectives: floorplanning strategy, Knowledge Engineering in the Ie domain, the development of knowledge-based fioorplan ning processes and new floorplanning algorithms for use in the overall strategy.