Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) is a $3.4 trillion industry in which documentation is the basis for the delivery of products and services. Such documentation is the currency of AEC projects and can be a complex mixture of drawings and specifications. Sharing and archiving documents requires a safe, small and smart format, a role for which Adobea (TM)s portable document format (PDF) is ideally suited. PDF has become the de facto standard for submission and distribution of these documents in government and regulatory agencies, world-wide.

AdobeA(R) AcrobatA(R) and PDF for Architecture, Engineering, and Construction is designed to appeal to the engineering mind. The book is a practical guide focusing on the applications of PDF in the solution of "engineering" problems which may arise in a number of disciplines from architecture to construction. Using real-world examples, the authors follow a project from design through build and long-term maintenance. As the sample project evolves, suitable AcrobatA(R) tools and techniques are identified and brought into play at each stage, showing readers how to personalize the context and processes to meet their own project development and management needs.

AdobeA(R) AcrobatA(R) and PDF for Architecture, Engineering, and Construction is aimed at a professional and senior student audience with levels of expertise in a variety of AEC sectors ranging from the intermediate to advanced. It will be of direct importance to anyone using ISO and IEEE standards such as the developing PDF/E (engineering) and PDF/A (Archival).

Features of the book allowing the reader to take full advantage of the power of PDF in an engineeringenvironment include:

• review tracking;
• geo-referenced drawings;
• common format CAD and configuration management;
• reduced review and approval time with better document control;
• ease of collaboration with clients and permitting agencies through common, completely searchable, document format;
• project management advice.

Additional features designed to facilitate self-teaching are:

• chapter summaries;
• an example project used throughout the book to demonstrate the use of the various PDF capabilities introduced with files which can be downloaded from the authorsa (TM) website at www.donnabaker.ca/Acrobat_for_AEC.html to keep track of the changes chapter by chapter;
• other sample projects for readers to work with, offered by industry leaders in several specialty areas;
• end-of-chapter exercises guiding the application of the knowledge gained in each chapter.

For professionals of all shades from electrical, civil and mechanical engineers to architects and construction managers.

These are the proceedings of the ?fth international conference, Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD), held 15-17 November 2004 in Austin, Texas, USA. The conference provides a forum for presenting state-of-the-art tools, methods, algorithms, and theory for the application of formalized r- soning to all aspects of computer-aided system design, including speci?cation, veri?cation, synthesis, and testing. FMCAD's heritagedates back20 yearsto someof the earliestconferenceson the subjectofformalreasoningandcomputer-aideddesign.Since 1996, FMCAD has assumedits presentform, heldbiennially inNorthAmerica, alternatingwith its sister conference CHARME in Europe. We are delighted to report that our researchcommunitycontinuesto?ourish: wereceived69papersubmissions, with many more high-quality papers than we had room to accept. After a rigorous review process, in which each paper received at least three, and typically four or more, independent reviews, we accepted 29 papers for the conference and inclusion in this volume. The conference also included invited talks from Greg Spirakis of Intel Corporation and Wayne Wolf of Princeton University. A conference of this size requires the contributions of numerous people. On the technical side, we are grateful to the program committee and the additional reviewers for their countless hours reviewing submissions and ensuring the int- lectual quality of the conference. We would also like to thank the steering c- mittee for their wisdom and guidance. On the logistical side, we thank Christa Mace for designing our website and attending to countless organizational tasks. And we thank our corporate sponsors - AMD, IBM, Intel, and Synopsys - for ?nancial support that helped make this conference possible.

Understanding BIM presents the story of Building Information Modelling, an ever evolving and disruptive technology that has transformed the methodologies of the global construction industry. Written by the 2016 Prince Philip Gold Medal winner, Jonathan Ingram, it provides an in-depth understanding of BIM technologies, the business and organizational issues associated with its implementation, and the profound advantages its effective use can provide to a project team. Ingram, who pioneered the system heralding the BIM revolution, provides unrivalled access to case material and relevance to the current generation of BIM masters. With hundreds of colour images and illustrations showing the breadth and power of BIM, the book covers: The history of BIM What BIM is in technical and practical terms How it changes the day to day working environment Why we need BIM and what problems it can solve Where BIM is headed, particularly with regards to AI, AR, VR and voice recognition International case studies from a range of disciplines including: architecture, construction management, and retail Professionals and students in any field where the inter-disciplinary aspects of BIM are in operation will benefit from Ingram's insights. This book is an authoritative account of and reference on BIM for anyone wanting to understand its history, theory, application and potential future developments.

It was our great pleasure to hold the 2nd International Symposium onAutomated Te- nology on Veri?cation and Analysis (ATVA) in Taipei, Taiwan, ROC, October 31- November3,2004.TheseriesofATVAmeetingsisintendedforthepromotionofrelated research in eastern Asia. In the last decade, automated technology on veri?cation has become the new strength in industry and brought forward various hot research activities in both Europe and USA. In comparison, easternAsia has been quiet in the forum.With more and more IC design houses moving from SiliconValley to easternAsia, we believe this is a good time to start cultivating related research activities in the region. TheemphasisoftheATVAworkshopseriesisonvariousmechanicalandinformative techniques, which can give engineers valuable feedback to fast converge their designs according to the speci?cations. The scope of interest contains the following research - eas: model-checking theory, theorem-proving theory, state-space reduction techniques, languages in automated veri?cation, parametric analysis, optimization, formal perf- mance analysis, real-time systems, embedded systems, in?nite-state systems, Petri nets, UML, synthesis, tools, and practice in industry.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally. Early detection and treatment can prevent its progression to avoid total blindness. This book discusses and reviews current approaches for detection and examines new approaches for diagnosing glaucoma using CAD system. Computer-Aided Glaucoma Diagnosis System, Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction of the disease and current methodology used to diagnose it today. Chapter 2 presents a review of the medical background of the disease, followed by a theoretical and mathematical background used in fundus image processing. Chapter 3 is a literature review about segmentation and feature extraction. Chapter 4 describes the formulation of the proposed methodology. In Chapter 5, the results of optic disc and optic cup segmentation algorithm are presented, the feature extraction and selection method, experimental results and performance evaluations of the classifier are given. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions and discussion of the future potential for the diagnostic system. This book is intended for biomedical engineers, computer science students, ophthalmologists and radiologists looking to develop a reliable automated computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) for detecting glaucoma and improve diagnosis of the disease. Key Features Discusses a reliable automated computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) for detecting glaucoma and presents an algorithm that detects optic disc and optic cup Assists ophthalmologists and researchers to test a new diagnostic method that reduces the effort and time of the doctors and cost to the patients Discusses techniques to reduce human error and minimize the miss detection rate and facilitate early diagnosis and treatment Presents algorithms to detect cup and disc color, shape features and RNFL texture features Dr. Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid is an assistant professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. Dr. Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza is professor of Medical Imaging, College of Engineering, Sudan University of Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.

The purpose of this book is to develop capacity building in strategic and non-strategic machine tool technology. The book contains chapters on how to functionally reverse engineer strategic and non-strategic computer numerical control machinery. Numerous engineering areas, such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control engineering, and computer hardware and software engineering, are covered. The book offers guidelines and covers design for machine tools, prototyping, augmented reality for machine tools, modern communication strategies, and enterprises of functional reverse engineering, along with case studies. Features Presents capacity building in machine tool development Discusses engineering design for machine tools Covers prototyping of strategic and non-strategic machine tools Illustrates augmented reality for machine tools Includes Internet of Things (IoT) for machine tools

The Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture conference series has become a well-established, largely application-oriented meeting recognised by several UK Engineering Institutions and the International Society of Genetic and Evolutionary Computing. The main theme of the series relates to the integration of evolutionary and adaptive computing technologies with design and manufacturing processes whilst also taking into account complementary advanced computing technologies. Evolutionary and adaptive computing techniques continue to increase their penetration of industrial and commercial practice as awareness of their powerful search, exploration and optimisation capabilities becomes ever more prevalent, and increasing desk-top computational capability renders stochastic population-based search a far more viable proposition. There has been a significant increase in the development and integration of commercial software tools utilising adaptive computing technologies and the emergence of related commercial research and consultancy organisations supporting the introduction of best practice in terms of industrial utilisation. The book is comprised of selected papers that cover a diverse set of industrial application areas including engineering design and design environments and manufacturing process design, scheduling and control. Various aspects of search, exploration and optimisation are investigated in the context of integration with industrial processes including multi-objective and constraint satisfaction, development and utilization of meta-models, algorithm and strategy development and human-centric evolutionary approaches. The role of agent-based and neural net technologies in terms of supporting search processes and providing an alternative simulation environment is also explored. This collection of papers will be of particular interest to both industrial researchers and practitioners in addition to the academic research communities across engineering, operational research and computer science.

The Asia Simulation Conference (AsiaSim) 2004washeld on Jeju Island, Korea, October 4-6, 2004. AsiaSim 2004 was the third annual conference on simulation in the Asia-Paci?c region. The conference provided the major forum for - searchers, scientists and engineersto present the state-of-the-artresearchresults in the theory and applications of systems modeling and simulation. We were pleased that the conference attracted a large number of high-quality research papers that were of bene't to the communities of interest. ThisvolumeistheproceedingsofAsiaSim2004.Fortheconferencefull-length versionsofallsubmittedpaperswererefereedbytherespectiveinternationalp- gram committee, each paper receiving at least two independent reviews. Careful reviews from the committee selected 81 papers out of 178 submissions for oral presentation. This volume includes the invited speakers' papers, along with the papers presented at the conference. As a result, we publish 80 papers for the conference in this volume. In additionto the scienti?ctrackspresented, the conferencefeatured keynote talks by two invited speakers: Yukia Kagawa (Akia Prefectural University, J- pan) and Bo Hu Li (Beijing University ofAeronautics and Astronautics, China). We are grateful to them for accepting our invitation and for their talks. We also would like to express our gratitude to all contributors, reviewers, program committee and organizing committee members who made the conference very successful. Special thanks are due to Yun Bae Kim, the Program Committee Chair of AsiaSim 2004 for his hard work in the various aspects of conference organization. Finally, we would like to acknowledge partial ?nancial support for the c- ference by the Korea Research Foundation. We also would like to acknowledge the publication support from Springer.

Technische Produkte benotigen zuverlassige Software, fur die hohe Qualitatsmassstabe gelten. Fur eingebettete Software ist die Beherrschung qualitatssichernder Entwicklungsprozesse notwendig, um einen bestandigen wirtschaftlichen Erfolg zu erreichen. Dabei mussen im gesamten Entwicklungszyklus Fehler vermieden werden, eine fruhzeitige Fehlererkennung und - beseitigung ist sicherzustellen. Hier werden speziell dafur entwickelte Methoden zur Qualitatssicherung vorgestellt, strukturiert und bewertet sowie in ein qualitatsorientiertes Vorgehensmodell integriert."

The concept of CAST as Computer Aided Systems Theory, was introduced by F. Pichler of Linz in the late 80's to include those computer theoretical and practical developments as tools to solve problems in System Science. It was considered as the third component (the other two being CAD and CAM) that will provide for a complete picture of the path from Computer and Systems Sciences to practical developments in Science and Engineering. The University of Linz organized the ?rst CAST workshop in April 1988, which demonstrated the acceptance of the concepts by the scienti?c and technical community. Next, the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria joined the University of Linz to organize the ?rst international meeting on CAST, (Las Palmas February 1989), under the name EUROCAST'89, that was a very successful gathering of systems theorists, computer scientists and engineers from most of European countries, North America and Japan. ItwasagreedthatEUROCASTinternationalconferenceswouldbeorganized every two years. Thus, the following EUROCAST meetings took place in Krems (1991), Las Palmas (1993), Innsbruck (1995), Las Palmas (1997), Vienna (1999) and Las Palmas(2001), in addition to an extra-European CAST Conference in Ottawain1994.SelectedpapersfromthosemeetingswerepublishedbySpringer- Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science nos. 410, 585, 763, 1030, 1333, 1728 and 2178 and in several special issues of Cybernetics and Systems: an lnternat- nal Journal. EUROCAST and CAST meetings are de?nitely consolidated, as it is demonstrated by the number and quality of the contributions over the years.

The increasing complexity of manufacturing systems as well as the overall demands for flexible and fault-tolerant control of production processes stimulates (among many others) two key emerging technologies that are already making an important breakthrough in the field of intelligent manufacturing, control, and diagnostics. These two paradigms are: * the holonic approach based on the event-driven control strategy, usually aimed at modular control systems that are directly physically linked with the manufacturing hardware equipment, and * the multi-agent approach developed in the area of distributed information processing. The research communities working in both these fields are approaching the problem of intelligent manufacturing from different viewpoints and, until recently, to a certain extent, in an independent way. We can however observe quite a clear convergence of these fields in the last few years: the communities have started to cooperate, joining efforts to solve the painful problems involved in achieving effective industrial practice. We can see convergence in the terminology, standards and methods being applied.

The thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the Second International Conference on Symbolic and Numerical Scientific Computation, SNSC 2001, held in Hagenberg, Austria, in September 2001. The 19 revised full papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers are organized in topical sections on symbolics and numerics of differential equations, symbolics and numerics in algebra and geometry, and applications in physics and engineering.

In February of 1990, the balloting process for the IEEE proposed standard P1149.1 was completed creating IEEE Std 1149.1-1990. Later that summer, in record time, the standard won ratification as an ANSI standard as well. This completed over six years of intensive cooperative effort by a diverse group of people who share a vision on solving some of the severe testing problems that exist now and are steadily getting worse. Early in this process, someone asked me if 1 thought that the P1l49.l effort would ever bear fruit. 1 responded somewhat glibly that "it was anyone's guess". Well, it wasn't anyone's guess, but rather the faith of a few individuals in the proposition that many testing problems could be solved if a multifaceted industry could agree on a standard for all to follow. Four of these individuals stand out; they are Harry Bleeker, Colin Maunder, Rodham Tulloss, and Lee Whetsel. In that I am convinced that the 1149.1 standard is the most significant testing development in the last 20 years, I personally feel a debt of gratitude to them and all the people who labored on the various Working Groups in its creation.

The main objective of the authors is to deliver specifications and underlying concepts for future computer-aided tools for the design and the control of flexible manufacturing systems for mechanical and electro-mechanical assemblies. This book presents an integrated computer-aided method which supports a concurrent engineering approach for assembled products. This integrated method is divided in several modules which analyse the ease of assembly of a design, the assembly order, the design of an assembly workshop, and the simulation of the workshop taking into account scheduling and flow control. Automatic, semi-automatic and manual utilisations are presented for each module. Communication between design and manufacturing has been emphasised. The environment in this book is a real concurrent engineering one and for the first time the concurrent engineering steps are integrated in a CAD system. The method has been implemented in one of the worlds most used CAD systems: CATIA.

Standard * Test In. terface ____________________ Language So I was wrong. I was absolutely sure that by having an IEEE Standard defined, reviewed, and accepted, that I wouldn't need to write a book about it as well. The Standard would be the complete reference. And be aware - this book does not serve as a replacement to the IEEE Std. 1450 document. You should have a copy of the Standard as you go through this book. I realized that the Standard would not be the complete reference, about the time that the Working Group started to put notes into the draft proposa- notes to elaborate decisions in the Working Group, but that would be removed in the final draft. Then, once the Standard was accepted I became the central point of contact for people who just picked up the Standard, who didn't have the benefit of the Working Group discussions, who only had available that one final sentence in the Standard and who didn't benefit from the perspective of where those words came from. Sometimes those questions have resulted in clarifications to the Standard. Sometimes I would respond to those questions with more background and perspective as well. It is this additional background and perspective I hope you find in this book.

Design Concepts with Code: An Approach for Developers is the first book to tackle basic graphic design issues like line, color, symmetry, balance for an audience of sophisticated programmers. Great developers often create products that work well, look bad, and never reach their potential audience. Developers can design prototypes and products by considering and implementing a reasonable set of design axioms that hold their strength over time. In Design Concepts with Code: An Approach for Developers, design concepts including interface design, design principles, design elements, layout, content and typography, and color are presented with code including XML, XHTML/CSS, SVG, XSLT, XSL-FO, and scripting languages. This text offers design concepts, examples, projects, and code (no apps) to quickly enhance client and user interpretation and appreciation of web-based products.

Feature-based technology is the key factor towards meeting the increasingly high demands of improving and speeding up the product development process from concept to customer feedback, and is therefore expected to be able to provide for a better approach to integrate the complete product design process chain.

Feature Based Product Life-Cycle Modelling is dedicated to exploring the progress towards an integrated solution for the product creation process based on feature technology. Hence, it encompasses significant phases of the product creation process, from conceptual design to recycling, including the following topics:
*Life-phases modelling;
*Knowledge based engineering;
*Multiple-view geometric modelling;
*Technological links among assemblies;
*Manufacturing process cost estimation;
*Manufacturing modelling;
*Machining preparation;
*Product deterioration prediction;
*Product recovery estimation.

For each topic, a state of the art, theoretic bases, tentative solutions and illustrative examples are detailed, demonstrating the successful application of feature technology to the modelling of innovative products and the efficient control of their design.

The book is a selection of proceedings from the International Conference on Feature Modelling in Advanced Design-for-the-Life-Cycle Systems (FEATS 2001), which was sponsored by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) and held in Valenciennes, France in June 2001.

Das Buch gibt erstmals einen umfassenden Uberblick uber die Technologie AutomationML und die Integration von CAEX, COLLADA und PLCopen XML. Mit AutomationML soll die Interoperabilitat zwischen digitalen Werkzeugen im Engineering-Prozess gefordert werden. Es ist das erste kostenfrei zugangliche, offene und XML-basierte Format, das ubergreifend eine Vielzahl von Planungsaspekten kombiniert. Das Buch ist ein Gemeinschaftswerk des AutomationML-Konsortiums. Es wurde so konzipiert, dass es als Kompendium und zugleich als Entscheidungshilfe dienen kann."

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, FMCAD 2002, held in Portland, OR, USA in November 2002.The 23 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 47 submissions. The book offers topial sections on abstraction, symbolic simulation, model checking, microprocessor specification and verification, decision procedures, verification techniques and methodology, hardware description languages, and prototyping and synthesis.

Test Resource Partitioning for System-on-a-Chip is about test resource partitioning and optimization techniques for plug-and-play system-on-a-chip (SOC) test automation. Plug-and-play refers to the paradigm in which core-to-core interfaces as well as core-to-SOC logic interfaces are standardized, such that cores can be easily plugged into "virtual sockets" on the SOC design, and core tests can be plugged into the SOC during test without substantial effort on the part of the system integrator. The goal of the book is to position test resource partitioning in the context of SOC test automation, as well as to generate interest and motivate research on this important topic. SOC integrated circuits composed of embedded cores are now commonplace. Nevertheless, There remain several roadblocks to rapid and efficient system integration. Test development is seen as a major bottleneck in SOC design, and test challenges are a major contributor to the widening gap between design capability and manufacturing capacity. Testing SOCs is especially challenging in the absence of standardized test structures, test automation tools, and test protocols. Test Resource Partitioning for System-on-a-Chip responds to a pressing need for a structured methodology for SOC test automation. It presents new techniques for the partitioning and optimization of the three major SOC test resources: test hardware, testing time and test data volume. Test Resource Partitioning for System-on-a-Chip paves the way for a powerful integrated framework to automate the test flow for a large number of cores in an SOC in a plug-and-play fashion. The framework presented allows the system integrator to reduce test cost and meet short time-to-market requirements.

This volume contains two distinct, but related, approaches to the verification problem, both based on symbolic simulation. It describes new ideas that enable the use of formal methods, specifically symbolic simulation, in validating commercial hardware designs of remarkable complexity.

The Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture Conference series is now in its tenth year and has become a well-established, application-oriented meeting recognised by several UK Engineering Institutions and the International Society of Genetic and Evolutionary Computing. The main theme of the conference again relates to the integration of evolutionary and adaptive computing technologies with design and manufacturing processes whilst also taking into account complementary advanced computing technologies. Evolutionary and adaptive computing techniques continue to increase their penetration of industrial and commercial practice as their powerful search, exploration and optimisation capabilities become ever more apparent. The last two years have seen a very significant increase in the development of commercial software tools utilising adaptive computing technologies and the emergence of related commercial research and consultancy organisations supporting the introduction of best practice in terms of industrial utilisation. Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture V is comprised of selected papers that cover a diverse set of industrial application areas including: engineering design and design environments, manufacturing process design, scheduling and control, electronic circuit design, fault detection. Various aspects of search and optimisation such as multi-objective and constrained optimisation are also investigated in the context of integration with industrial processes. In addition to evolutionary computing techniques, both neural-net and agent-based technologies play a role in a number of contributions. This collection of papers will be of particular interest to both industrial researchers and practitioners in addition to the academic research communities of engineering, operational research and computer science.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Computer Aided Systems Theory, EUROCAST 2001, held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain in February 2001.The 48 revised full papers presented together with two invited papers were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and revision. The book offers topical sections on computer aided systems theory, mathematical and logical formalisms, information and decision, complexity, neural-like computation, automation and control, computer algebra and automated theorem proving, and functional programming and lambda calculus.

This volume starts with a description of the metrics and benchmarks used to design energy-efficient microprocessor systems, followed by energy-efficient methodologies for the architecture and circuit design, DC-DC conversion, energy-efficient software and system integration.

Geometric Modelling is concerned with the computer aided design, manipulation, storage and transmission of geometric shape. It provides fundamental techniques to different areas of application as CAD/CAM, computer graphics, scientific visualization, and virtual Reality. 20 papers presented by leading experts give a state-of-the-art survey of the following topics: surface design and fairing; multiresolution models; reverse engineering; solid modelling; constrained based modelling.