Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally. Early detection and treatment can prevent its progression to avoid total blindness. This book discusses and reviews current approaches for detection and examines new approaches for diagnosing glaucoma using CAD system. Computer-Aided Glaucoma Diagnosis System, Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction of the disease and current methodology used to diagnose it today. Chapter 2 presents a review of the medical background of the disease, followed by a theoretical and mathematical background used in fundus image processing. Chapter 3 is a literature review about segmentation and feature extraction. Chapter 4 describes the formulation of the proposed methodology. In Chapter 5, the results of optic disc and optic cup segmentation algorithm are presented, the feature extraction and selection method, experimental results and performance evaluations of the classifier are given. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions and discussion of the future potential for the diagnostic system. This book is intended for biomedical engineers, computer science students, ophthalmologists and radiologists looking to develop a reliable automated computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) for detecting glaucoma and improve diagnosis of the disease. Key Features Discusses a reliable automated computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) for detecting glaucoma and presents an algorithm that detects optic disc and optic cup Assists ophthalmologists and researchers to test a new diagnostic method that reduces the effort and time of the doctors and cost to the patients Discusses techniques to reduce human error and minimize the miss detection rate and facilitate early diagnosis and treatment Presents algorithms to detect cup and disc color, shape features and RNFL texture features Dr. Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid is an assistant professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. Dr. Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza is professor of Medical Imaging, College of Engineering, Sudan University of Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.

Geometric Modelling is concerned with the computer aided design, manipulation, storage and transmission of geometric shape. It provides fundamental techniques to different areas of application as CAD/CAM, computer graphics, scientific visualization, and virtual Reality. 20 papers presented by leading experts give a state-of-the-art survey of the following topics: surface design and fairing; multiresolution models; reverse engineering; solid modelling; constrained based modelling.

Asynchronous, or unclocked, digital systems have several potential advantages over their synchronous counterparts. In particular, they address a number of challenging problems faced by the designers of large-scale synchronous digital systems: power consumption, worst-case timing constraints, and engineering and design reuse issues associated with the use of a fixed-rate global clock. Moreover, while for synchronous systems these problems are exacerbated by increasing system size, asynchronous systems promise to scale more gracefully. Sequential Optimization of Asynchronous and Synchronous Finite-State Machines: Algorithms and Tools makes three contributions to the field of sequential optimization for finite-state machines: 1) it introduces several new provably-optimal algorithms for the synthesis and optimization of asynchronous finite-state machines (FSMs); 2) it presents practical software implementations of each of these algorithms; and 3) it introduces a complete new CAD package, called MINIMALIST, binding these tools into a state-of-the-art technology-independent synthesis path for burst-mode' asynchronous circuits. Throughout this book, real-world industrial designs are used as benchmark circuits to validate the usefulness of the tools. As an additional benefit, some of the theory and tools also provide new methods for the optimization of synchronous FSMs.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, FMCAD 2002, held in Portland, OR, USA in November 2002.The 23 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 47 submissions. The book offers topial sections on abstraction, symbolic simulation, model checking, microprocessor specification and verification, decision procedures, verification techniques and methodology, hardware description languages, and prototyping and synthesis.

Die Faszination, die vom Auto ausgeht, ist und bleibt ungebrochen. Entsprechend interessant ist es, sich vor dem Hintergrund konventioneller Konstruktionstechniken uber die virtuelle Produktentwicklung von Pkw-Karosserien an modernen CAD-Arbeitsplatzen informieren zu konnen. Die Autoren fuhren in die Grundlagen ein und zeigen anhand von Beispielen und zahlreichen Abbildungen, wie mit dem System CATIA der Rohbau sowie die Ausstattung innen und aussen konstruiert werden. Daruber hinaus wird das so genannte "Package" an Beispielen beschrieben, also das Management und die Harmonisierung der Anforderungen an die Bauraume (z.B. Motor-, Innen- und Kofferraum, Unterflur) sowie die Verwaltung aller Geometriedaten des Gesamtfahrzeugs und die Sicherstellung ihrer Aktualitat. In der 3. Auflage wird insbesondere der aktuellen CAD-Anwendung CATIA V5 an ausgewahlten Beispielen Rechnung getragen."

System Design: A Practical Guide with SpecC presents the system design flow following a simple example through the whole process in an easy-to-follow, step-by-step fashion. Each step is described in detail in pictorial form and with code examples in SpecC. For each picture slide a detailed explanation is provided of the concepts presented. This format is suited for tutorials, seminars, self-study, as a guided reference carried by examples, or as teaching material for courses on system design. Features: Comprehensive introduction to and description of the SpecC language and design methodology; IP-centric language and methodology with focus on design reuse; Complete framework for system-level design from specification to implementation for SOCs and other embedded HW/SW systems. System Design: A Practical Guide with SpecC will benefit designers and design managers of complex SOCs, or embedded systems in general, by allowing them to develop new methodologies from these results, in order to increase design productivity by orders of magnitude. Designers at RTL, logical or physical levels, who are interested in moving up to the system level, will find a comprehensive overview within. The design models in the book define IP models and functions for IP exchange between IP providers and their users. A well-defined methodology like the one presented in this book will help product planning divisions to quickly develop new products or to derive completely new business models, like e-design or product-on-demand. Finally, researchers and students in the area of system design will find an example of a formal, well-structured design flow in this book.

This book was motivated by the problems being faced with shrinking IC process feature sizes. It is well known that as process feature sizes shrink, a host of electrical problems like cross-talk, electromigration, self-heat, etc. are becoming important. Cross-talk is one of the major problems since it results in unpredictable design behavior. In particular, it can result in significant delay variation or signal integrity problems in a wire, depending on the state of its neighboring wires. Typical approaches to tackle the cross-talk problem attempt to fix the problem once it is created. In our approach, we ensure that cross-talk is eliminated by design. The work described in this book attempts to take an "outside-the-box" view and propose a radically different design style. This design style first imposes a fixed layout pattern (or fabric) on the integrated circuit, and then embeds the circuit being implemented into this fabric. The fabric is chosen carefully in order to eliminate the cross-talk problem being faced in modem IC processes. With our choice of fabric, cross-talk between adjacent wires on an IC is reduced by between one and two orders of magnitude. In this way, the fabric concept eliminates cross-talk up-front, and by design. We propose two separate design flows, each of which uses the fabric concept to implement logic. The first flow uses fabric-compliant standard cells as an im plementation vehicle. We call these cells fabric cells, and they have the same logic functionality as existing standard cells with which they are compared.

An embedded system is loosely defined as any system that utilizes electronics but is not perceived or used as a general-purpose computer. Traditionally, one or more electronic circuits or microprocessors are literally embedded in the system, either taking up roles that used to be performed by mechanical devices, or providing functionality that is not otherwise possible. The goal of this book is to investigate how formal methods can be applied to the domain of embedded system design. The emphasis is on the specification, representation, validation, and design exploration of such systems from a high-level perspective. The authors review the framework upon which the theories and experiments are based, and through which the formal methods are linked to synthesis and simulation. A formal verification methodology is formulated to verify general properties of the designs and demonstrate that this methodology is efficient in dealing with the problem of complexity and effective in finding bugs. However, manual intervention in the form of abstraction selection and separation of timing and functionality is required. It is conjectured that, for specific properties, efficient algorithms exist for completely automatic formal validations of systems. Synchronous Equivalence: Formal Methods for Embedded Systems presents a brand new formal approach to high-level equivalence analysis. It opens design exploration avenues previously uncharted. It is a work that can stand alone but at the same time is fully compatible with the synthesis and simulation framework described in another book by Kluwer Academic Publishers Hardware-Software Co-Design of Embedded Systems: The POLIS Approach, by Balarin et al. Synchronous Equivalence: Formal Methods for Embedded Systems will be of interest to embedded system designers (automotive electronics, consumer electronics, and telecommunications), micro-controller designers, CAD developers and students, as well as IP providers, architecture platform designers, operating system providers, and designers of VLSI circuits and systems.

The biannual Formal Methods in Computer Aided Design conference (FMCAD 2000)is the third in a series of conferences under that title devoted to the use of discrete mathematical methods for the analysis of computer hardware and so- ware. The work reported in this book describes the use of modeling languages and their associated automated analysis tools to specify and verify computing systems. Functional veric ation has become one of the principal costs in a modern computer design e ort. In addition, verica tion of circuit models, timing, power, etc., requires even more eo rt. FMCAD provides a venue for academic and - dustrial researchers and practitioners to share their ideas and experiences of using discrete mathematical modeling and veric ation. It is noted with interest by the conference chairmen how this area has grown from just a few people 15 years ago to a vibrant area of research, development, and deployment. It is clear that these methods are helping reduce the cost of designing computing systems. As an example of this potential cost reduction, we have invited David Russino of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. to describe his veric ation of ?oating-point - gorithms being used in AMD microprocessors. The program includes 30 regular presentations selected from 63 submitted paper

The purpose of this book is to develop capacity building in strategic and non-strategic machine tool technology. The book contains chapters on how to functionally reverse engineer strategic and non-strategic computer numerical control machinery. Numerous engineering areas, such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control engineering, and computer hardware and software engineering, are covered. The book offers guidelines and covers design for machine tools, prototyping, augmented reality for machine tools, modern communication strategies, and enterprises of functional reverse engineering, along with case studies. Features Presents capacity building in machine tool development Discusses engineering design for machine tools Covers prototyping of strategic and non-strategic machine tools Illustrates augmented reality for machine tools Includes Internet of Things (IoT) for machine tools

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Computer Aided Systems Theory, EUROCAST 2001, held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain in February 2001.The 48 revised full papers presented together with two invited papers were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and revision. The book offers topical sections on computer aided systems theory, mathematical and logical formalisms, information and decision, complexity, neural-like computation, automation and control, computer algebra and automated theorem proving, and functional programming and lambda calculus.

Innovativer Prototyp: Die renommierten Experten Hans-Jorg Bullinger und Bernd Bertsche bieten hier neueste Ergebnisse zur "Entwicklung und Erprobung innovativer Produkte - Rapid Prototyping" (Sonderforschungsbereich 374). Alle relevanten Aspekte der Produktentwicklung: Grundlagen, Rahmenbedingungen bis hin zur Produktion physischer, virtueller oder hybrider Prototypen. Plus: reverse Engineering, neue Materialien, Kosten- und Qualitatsprognosen. "

Computational engineering is the treatment of engineering tasks with computers. It is based on computational mathematics, which is presented here in a comprehensive handbook. Engineers and scientists who deal with engineering tasks have to handle large amounts of information, which must be created and structured in a systematic manner. This demands a high level of abstraction and therefore knowledge of the mathematical foundations. From the existing rich repertoire of mathematical theories and methods, the fundamentals of engineering computation are selected and presented in a coherent fashion. They are brought into a suitable order for specific engineering purposes, and their significance for typical applications is shown. The relevant definitions, notations and theories are presented in a durable form which is independent of the fast development of information and communication technology.

Computer Aided Systems Theory (CAST) deals with the task of contributing to the creation and implementation of tools for the support of usual CAD tools for design and simulation by formal mathematical or logical means in modeling. Naturally, thebasisfortheconstructionandimplementationofCASTsoftwareis provided by the existing current knowledge in modeling and by the experience of practitioners in engineering design. Systems Theory, as seen from the viewpoint of CAST research and CAST tool development, has the role of providing formal frameworks and related theoretical knowledge for model-construction and model analysis. We purposely do not distinguish sharply between systems theory and CAST and other similar ?elds of research and tool development such as for example in applied numerical analysis or other computational sciences. TheheredocumentedEUROCASTconferencewhichtookplaceattheVienna University of Technology re?ects current mainstreams in CAST. As in the p- vious conferences new topics, both theoretical and application oriented, have been addressed. The presented papers show that the ?eld is widespread and that new - velopments in computer science and in information technology are the driving forces. Theeditorswouldliketothanktheauthorsforprovidingtheirmanuscriptsin hardcopyandinelectronicformontime.Thesta?ofSpringer-VerlagHeidelberg gave, as in previous CAST publications, valuable support in editing this volume

This volumecontains the proceedingsof the Second InternationalConferenceon Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD'98), organized November 4-6, in Palo Alto, California, USA. The rst event of this series was organized byMandayamSrivasand Albert Camilleriin 1996 inPaloAlto. FMCAD, which evolved from the series Theorem Provers in Circuit Design (TPCD), strives to beapremierforumfordisseminatingresearchinFormalVeri cation(FV) me- ods for digital circuits and systems, including processors, custom VLSI circuits, microcode, andreactivesoftware.Inadditiontosigni cantcase-studiesandve- cationapproaches, FMCADalsoendeavorstorepresentadvancesinthedriving technologies for veri cation, including binary decision diagrams, model che- ing, symbolicreasoning(theorem proving), symbolicsimulation, andabstraction methods. Theconferenceincludedfourinvitedlectures.Theinvitedlecturesweregiven by Kenneth McMillan (Cadence Berkeley Labs) on Minimalist proof assistants: interactions of technology and methodology in formal system level veric ation, by Carl-Johan Seger on Formal methods in CAD from an industrial perspective, by Randal E. Bryant and Bwolen Yang on A performance study of BDD-based model checking, and by Amir Pnueli on Veric ation of data-insensitive circuits: an in-order-retirement case study. Of the 55 regular paper submissionsreceived, 27 were selected by the technical program committee for presentation at the conference. All four tools papers received were also selected. We gratefully acknowledge the services of the technical program comm- tee of FMCAD'98, which consisted of Adnan Aziz (Univ. of Texas at Austin, USA), AlanHu(Univ.ofBritishColumbia, Canada), Albert Camilleri(Hewlett- Packard, USA), CarlPixley(Motorola, USA), CarlosDelgadoKloos (Univ. C- los III de Madrid, Spain), Ching-TsunChou (Intel, USA), EduardCerny (Univ

George Collins discovery of Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition (CAD) as a method for Quantifier Elimination (QE) for the elementary theory of real closed fields brought a major breakthrough in automating mathematics with recent important applications in high-tech areas (e.g. robot motion), also stimulating fundamental research in computer algebra over the past three decades. This volume is a state-of-the art collection of important papers on CAD and QE and on the related area of algorithmic aspects of real geometry. In addition to original contributions by S. Basu et al., L. Gonzalez-Vega et al., G. Hagel, H. Hong and J.R. Sendra, J.R. Johnson, S. McCallum, D. Richardson, and V. Weispfenning and a survey by G.E. Collins outlining the twenty-year progress in CAD-based QE it brings together seminal publications from the area: A. Tarski: A Decision Method for Elementary Algebra and Geometry G.E. Collins: Quantifier Elimination for Real Closed Fields by Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition M.J. Fischer and M.O. Rabin: Super-Exponential Complexity of Presburger Arithmetic D.S. Arnon et al.: Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition I: The Basic Algorithm; II: An Adjacency Algorithm for the Plane H. Hong: An Improvement of the Projection Operator in Cyclindrical Algebraic Decomposition G.E. Collins and H. Hong: Partial Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition for Quantifier Elimination H. Hong: Simple Solution Formula Construction in Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition Based Quantifier Elimination J. Renegar: Recent Progress on the Complexity of the Decision Problem for the Reals

The third evolutionary I adaptive computing conference organised by the Plymouth Engineering Design Centre (PEDC) at the University of Plymouth again explores the utility of various adaptive search algorithms and complementary computational intelligence techniques within the engineering design and manufacturing domains. The intention is to investigate strategies and techniques that are of benefit not only as component I system optimisers but also as exploratory design tools capable of supporting the differing requirements of conceptual, embodiment and detailed design whilst taking into account the many manufacturing criteria influencing design direction. Interest in the integration of adaptive computing technologies with engineering has been rapidly increasing in recent years as practical examples illustrating their potential relating to system performance and design process efficiency have become more apparent. This is in addition to the realisation of significant commercial benefits from the application of evolutionary planning and scheduling strategies. The development of this conference series from annual PEDC one day workshops to the biennial 'Adaptive Computing in Engineering Design and Control' conference and this year's event reflects this growth in both academic and industrial interest. The name change to include manufacture relates to a desire to increase cover of integrated product development aspects, facility layout and scheduling in addition to process I machine control.

This book is a collection of some 47 research papers that were presented in June 1997 at the 2nd Online World Conference in soft computing. It covers the state-of-the-art techniques and applications of soft computing which will stimulate further advances towards the next generation of intelligent machines. The papers are organised into eight sections which cover areas such as genetic algorithms, engineering design, manufacturing and robotics. The book's main focus, though, is on the existence and interaction of fuzzy, neural and evolutionary computing techniques. Though fundamentally quite different from one another, these techniques can work incredibly well together when building intelligent systems. Soft Computing in Engineering Design and Manufacturing will be of interest to graduate students and researchers involved in soft computing. It will also be useful for those working in related industrial environments.

A comprehensive and fun introduction to using the worlds most popular CAD package. New users are guided through the production of drawings along a tried and tested learning curve with graded tutorial-style chapters, each one developing CAD techniques to solve specific drafting problems. It is indispensable for architects, town plan-ners, and all those involved in civil, structural, mechanical and design engineering. With the emphasis being on technique, even existing AutoCAD users will learn many new tricks!

Start animating right away with this tutorial-based guide to Autodesk 3ds Max 2016 Autodesk 3ds Max 2016 Essentials is your perfect hands-on guide to start animating quickly. Using approachable, real-world exercises, you'll master the fundamentals of this leading animation software by following full-color screen shots step by step. Each chapter opens with a quick discussion of concepts and learning objectives, and then launches into hands-on tutorials that give you firsthand experience and a good start on preparing for the 3ds Max certification exam. You'll learn the basics of modeling, texturing, animating, and visual effects as you create a retro-style alarm clock, animate a thrown knife, model a chair, and more. Whether you're a complete beginner or migrating from another 3D application, this task-based book provides the solid grounding you need in Autodesk 3ds Max 2016. * Model your character with polygons, meshes, and more * Add motion with simple and complex animations * Add color and textures to visualize materials and surfaces * Render interior scenes with great lighting and camera placement If you want to learn 3ds Max quickly and painlessly, Autodesk 3ds Max 2016 Essentials helps you start animating today.

This book constitutes the strictly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Graph Drawing, GD'97, held in Rome, Italy, in September 1997. The 33 revised full papers and 10 systems demonstrations presented were selected from 80 submissions. The topics covered include planarity, crossing theory, three dimensional representations, orthogonal representations, clustering and labeling problems, packing problems, general methodologies, and systems and applications.

This book constitutes the strictly refereed post-conference proceedings of the International Symposium on Graph Drawing, GD'96, held in Berkeley, California, in September 1996.
The 24 revised full papers and the 8 systems demonstrations presented in the book were carefully selected from a total of 50 papers and 24 demos submitted. Also included is a summary of the annual graph drawing competition. Among the topics covered are planarity, upward and orthogonal drawing, heuristics, experimental results, and graph drawing systems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, FMCAD '96, held in Palo Alto, California, USA, in November 1996.
The 25 revised full papers presented were selected from a total of 65 submissions; also included are three invited survey papers and four tutorial contributions. The volume covers all relevant formal aspects of work in computer-aided systems design, including verification, synthesis, and testing.

ICEIMT '97 is the second International Conference on Enterprise Integration and Modeling Technology. Like the first, it is the main event of a European-US initiative on building consensus in enterprise engineering and integration - supported in Europe by Esprit and in the USA by DOC/NIST. These proceedings contain papers presented at the conference and at five international workshops preceding the conference. The workshops addressed integration issues related to people and organization, metrics and standardization, applications, fundamentals and principles, and users and vendors. The conference papers present points of view of users, vendors, and researchers, the current state of research and development worldwide, and the needs to be identified and summarized in project proposals.

This book contains a selection of papers about a broad range of topics relating to CAD modelling and graphics. These papers present an excellent overview of the research and application work done at different R&D institutions in Europe and USA. The papers are grouped into sections. First, issues in feature-based product development (such as representation of form features, consistency management, and reasoning) are addressed from different perspectives. Next, CAD models and architectures are introduced from an application perspective. Then some design techniques are presented. The following sections deal with communication in design and analysis, input and interaction techniques, and visualization.