This book was motivated by the problems being faced with shrinking IC process feature sizes. It is well known that as process feature sizes shrink, a host of electrical problems like cross-talk, electromigration, self-heat, etc. are becoming important. Cross-talk is one of the major problems since it results in unpredictable design behavior. In particular, it can result in significant delay variation or signal integrity problems in a wire, depending on the state of its neighboring wires. Typical approaches to tackle the cross-talk problem attempt to fix the problem once it is created. In our approach, we ensure that cross-talk is eliminated by design. The work described in this book attempts to take an "outside-the-box" view and propose a radically different design style. This design style first imposes a fixed layout pattern (or fabric) on the integrated circuit, and then embeds the circuit being implemented into this fabric. The fabric is chosen carefully in order to eliminate the cross-talk problem being faced in modem IC processes. With our choice of fabric, cross-talk between adjacent wires on an IC is reduced by between one and two orders of magnitude. In this way, the fabric concept eliminates cross-talk up-front, and by design. We propose two separate design flows, each of which uses the fabric concept to implement logic. The first flow uses fabric-compliant standard cells as an im plementation vehicle. We call these cells fabric cells, and they have the same logic functionality as existing standard cells with which they are compared.

This volume contains two distinct, but related, approaches to the verification problem, both based on symbolic simulation. It describes new ideas that enable the use of formal methods, specifically symbolic simulation, in validating commercial hardware designs of remarkable complexity.

An embedded system is loosely defined as any system that utilizes electronics but is not perceived or used as a general-purpose computer. Traditionally, one or more electronic circuits or microprocessors are literally embedded in the system, either taking up roles that used to be performed by mechanical devices, or providing functionality that is not otherwise possible. The goal of this book is to investigate how formal methods can be applied to the domain of embedded system design. The emphasis is on the specification, representation, validation, and design exploration of such systems from a high-level perspective. The authors review the framework upon which the theories and experiments are based, and through which the formal methods are linked to synthesis and simulation. A formal verification methodology is formulated to verify general properties of the designs and demonstrate that this methodology is efficient in dealing with the problem of complexity and effective in finding bugs. However, manual intervention in the form of abstraction selection and separation of timing and functionality is required. It is conjectured that, for specific properties, efficient algorithms exist for completely automatic formal validations of systems. Synchronous Equivalence: Formal Methods for Embedded Systems presents a brand new formal approach to high-level equivalence analysis. It opens design exploration avenues previously uncharted. It is a work that can stand alone but at the same time is fully compatible with the synthesis and simulation framework described in another book by Kluwer Academic Publishers Hardware-Software Co-Design of Embedded Systems: The POLIS Approach, by Balarin et al. Synchronous Equivalence: Formal Methods for Embedded Systems will be of interest to embedded system designers (automotive electronics, consumer electronics, and telecommunications), micro-controller designers, CAD developers and students, as well as IP providers, architecture platform designers, operating system providers, and designers of VLSI circuits and systems.

The biannual Formal Methods in Computer Aided Design conference (FMCAD 2000)is the third in a series of conferences under that title devoted to the use of discrete mathematical methods for the analysis of computer hardware and so- ware. The work reported in this book describes the use of modeling languages and their associated automated analysis tools to specify and verify computing systems. Functional veric ation has become one of the principal costs in a modern computer design e ort. In addition, verica tion of circuit models, timing, power, etc., requires even more eo rt. FMCAD provides a venue for academic and - dustrial researchers and practitioners to share their ideas and experiences of using discrete mathematical modeling and veric ation. It is noted with interest by the conference chairmen how this area has grown from just a few people 15 years ago to a vibrant area of research, development, and deployment. It is clear that these methods are helping reduce the cost of designing computing systems. As an example of this potential cost reduction, we have invited David Russino of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. to describe his veric ation of ?oating-point - gorithms being used in AMD microprocessors. The program includes 30 regular presentations selected from 63 submitted paper

Computer Aided Systems Theory (CAST) deals with the task of contributing to the creation and implementation of tools for the support of usual CAD tools for design and simulation by formal mathematical or logical means in modeling. Naturally, thebasisfortheconstructionandimplementationofCASTsoftwareis provided by the existing current knowledge in modeling and by the experience of practitioners in engineering design. Systems Theory, as seen from the viewpoint of CAST research and CAST tool development, has the role of providing formal frameworks and related theoretical knowledge for model-construction and model analysis. We purposely do not distinguish sharply between systems theory and CAST and other similar ?elds of research and tool development such as for example in applied numerical analysis or other computational sciences. TheheredocumentedEUROCASTconferencewhichtookplaceattheVienna University of Technology re?ects current mainstreams in CAST. As in the p- vious conferences new topics, both theoretical and application oriented, have been addressed. The presented papers show that the ?eld is widespread and that new - velopments in computer science and in information technology are the driving forces. Theeditorswouldliketothanktheauthorsforprovidingtheirmanuscriptsin hardcopyandinelectronicformontime.Thesta?ofSpringer-VerlagHeidelberg gave, as in previous CAST publications, valuable support in editing this volume

Innovativer Prototyp: Die renommierten Experten Hans-Jorg Bullinger und Bernd Bertsche bieten hier neueste Ergebnisse zur "Entwicklung und Erprobung innovativer Produkte - Rapid Prototyping" (Sonderforschungsbereich 374). Alle relevanten Aspekte der Produktentwicklung: Grundlagen, Rahmenbedingungen bis hin zur Produktion physischer, virtueller oder hybrider Prototypen. Plus: reverse Engineering, neue Materialien, Kosten- und Qualitatsprognosen. "

Computational engineering is the treatment of engineering tasks with computers. It is based on computational mathematics, which is presented here in a comprehensive handbook. Engineers and scientists who deal with engineering tasks have to handle large amounts of information, which must be created and structured in a systematic manner. This demands a high level of abstraction and therefore knowledge of the mathematical foundations. From the existing rich repertoire of mathematical theories and methods, the fundamentals of engineering computation are selected and presented in a coherent fashion. They are brought into a suitable order for specific engineering purposes, and their significance for typical applications is shown. The relevant definitions, notations and theories are presented in a durable form which is independent of the fast development of information and communication technology.

The purpose of this book is to develop capacity building in strategic and non-strategic machine tool technology. The book contains chapters on how to functionally reverse engineer strategic and non-strategic computer numerical control machinery. Numerous engineering areas, such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control engineering, and computer hardware and software engineering, are covered. The book offers guidelines and covers design for machine tools, prototyping, augmented reality for machine tools, modern communication strategies, and enterprises of functional reverse engineering, along with case studies. Features Presents capacity building in machine tool development Discusses engineering design for machine tools Covers prototyping of strategic and non-strategic machine tools Illustrates augmented reality for machine tools Includes Internet of Things (IoT) for machine tools

A comprehensive and fun introduction to using the worlds most popular CAD package. New users are guided through the production of drawings along a tried and tested learning curve with graded tutorial-style chapters, each one developing CAD techniques to solve specific drafting problems. It is indispensable for architects, town plan-ners, and all those involved in civil, structural, mechanical and design engineering. With the emphasis being on technique, even existing AutoCAD users will learn many new tricks!

This volumecontains the proceedingsof the Second InternationalConferenceon Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD'98), organized November 4-6, in Palo Alto, California, USA. The rst event of this series was organized byMandayamSrivasand Albert Camilleriin 1996 inPaloAlto. FMCAD, which evolved from the series Theorem Provers in Circuit Design (TPCD), strives to beapremierforumfordisseminatingresearchinFormalVeri cation(FV) me- ods for digital circuits and systems, including processors, custom VLSI circuits, microcode, andreactivesoftware.Inadditiontosigni cantcase-studiesandve- cationapproaches, FMCADalsoendeavorstorepresentadvancesinthedriving technologies for veri cation, including binary decision diagrams, model che- ing, symbolicreasoning(theorem proving), symbolicsimulation, andabstraction methods. Theconferenceincludedfourinvitedlectures.Theinvitedlecturesweregiven by Kenneth McMillan (Cadence Berkeley Labs) on Minimalist proof assistants: interactions of technology and methodology in formal system level veric ation, by Carl-Johan Seger on Formal methods in CAD from an industrial perspective, by Randal E. Bryant and Bwolen Yang on A performance study of BDD-based model checking, and by Amir Pnueli on Veric ation of data-insensitive circuits: an in-order-retirement case study. Of the 55 regular paper submissionsreceived, 27 were selected by the technical program committee for presentation at the conference. All four tools papers received were also selected. We gratefully acknowledge the services of the technical program comm- tee of FMCAD'98, which consisted of Adnan Aziz (Univ. of Texas at Austin, USA), AlanHu(Univ.ofBritishColumbia, Canada), Albert Camilleri(Hewlett- Packard, USA), CarlPixley(Motorola, USA), CarlosDelgadoKloos (Univ. C- los III de Madrid, Spain), Ching-TsunChou (Intel, USA), EduardCerny (Univ

The third evolutionary I adaptive computing conference organised by the Plymouth Engineering Design Centre (PEDC) at the University of Plymouth again explores the utility of various adaptive search algorithms and complementary computational intelligence techniques within the engineering design and manufacturing domains. The intention is to investigate strategies and techniques that are of benefit not only as component I system optimisers but also as exploratory design tools capable of supporting the differing requirements of conceptual, embodiment and detailed design whilst taking into account the many manufacturing criteria influencing design direction. Interest in the integration of adaptive computing technologies with engineering has been rapidly increasing in recent years as practical examples illustrating their potential relating to system performance and design process efficiency have become more apparent. This is in addition to the realisation of significant commercial benefits from the application of evolutionary planning and scheduling strategies. The development of this conference series from annual PEDC one day workshops to the biennial 'Adaptive Computing in Engineering Design and Control' conference and this year's event reflects this growth in both academic and industrial interest. The name change to include manufacture relates to a desire to increase cover of integrated product development aspects, facility layout and scheduling in addition to process I machine control.

George Collins discovery of Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition (CAD) as a method for Quantifier Elimination (QE) for the elementary theory of real closed fields brought a major breakthrough in automating mathematics with recent important applications in high-tech areas (e.g. robot motion), also stimulating fundamental research in computer algebra over the past three decades. This volume is a state-of-the art collection of important papers on CAD and QE and on the related area of algorithmic aspects of real geometry. In addition to original contributions by S. Basu et al., L. Gonzalez-Vega et al., G. Hagel, H. Hong and J.R. Sendra, J.R. Johnson, S. McCallum, D. Richardson, and V. Weispfenning and a survey by G.E. Collins outlining the twenty-year progress in CAD-based QE it brings together seminal publications from the area: A. Tarski: A Decision Method for Elementary Algebra and Geometry G.E. Collins: Quantifier Elimination for Real Closed Fields by Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition M.J. Fischer and M.O. Rabin: Super-Exponential Complexity of Presburger Arithmetic D.S. Arnon et al.: Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition I: The Basic Algorithm; II: An Adjacency Algorithm for the Plane H. Hong: An Improvement of the Projection Operator in Cyclindrical Algebraic Decomposition G.E. Collins and H. Hong: Partial Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition for Quantifier Elimination H. Hong: Simple Solution Formula Construction in Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition Based Quantifier Elimination J. Renegar: Recent Progress on the Complexity of the Decision Problem for the Reals

This book is a collection of some 47 research papers that were presented in June 1997 at the 2nd Online World Conference in soft computing. It covers the state-of-the-art techniques and applications of soft computing which will stimulate further advances towards the next generation of intelligent machines. The papers are organised into eight sections which cover areas such as genetic algorithms, engineering design, manufacturing and robotics. The book's main focus, though, is on the existence and interaction of fuzzy, neural and evolutionary computing techniques. Though fundamentally quite different from one another, these techniques can work incredibly well together when building intelligent systems. Soft Computing in Engineering Design and Manufacturing will be of interest to graduate students and researchers involved in soft computing. It will also be useful for those working in related industrial environments.

ICEIMT '97 is the second International Conference on Enterprise Integration and Modeling Technology. Like the first, it is the main event of a European-US initiative on building consensus in enterprise engineering and integration - supported in Europe by Esprit and in the USA by DOC/NIST. These proceedings contain papers presented at the conference and at five international workshops preceding the conference. The workshops addressed integration issues related to people and organization, metrics and standardization, applications, fundamentals and principles, and users and vendors. The conference papers present points of view of users, vendors, and researchers, the current state of research and development worldwide, and the needs to be identified and summarized in project proposals.

This book constitutes the strictly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Graph Drawing, GD'97, held in Rome, Italy, in September 1997. The 33 revised full papers and 10 systems demonstrations presented were selected from 80 submissions. The topics covered include planarity, crossing theory, three dimensional representations, orthogonal representations, clustering and labeling problems, packing problems, general methodologies, and systems and applications.

This book constitutes the strictly refereed post-conference proceedings of the International Symposium on Graph Drawing, GD'96, held in Berkeley, California, in September 1996.
The 24 revised full papers and the 8 systems demonstrations presented in the book were carefully selected from a total of 50 papers and 24 demos submitted. Also included is a summary of the annual graph drawing competition. Among the topics covered are planarity, upward and orthogonal drawing, heuristics, experimental results, and graph drawing systems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, FMCAD '96, held in Palo Alto, California, USA, in November 1996.
The 25 revised full papers presented were selected from a total of 65 submissions; also included are three invited survey papers and four tutorial contributions. The volume covers all relevant formal aspects of work in computer-aided systems design, including verification, synthesis, and testing.

PREFACE Getting Faster Answers About AutoCAD Whether you are a beginning AutoCAD user, a part-time user, or even a long-standing user, it is virtually impossible to remember every nuance and every option for every AutoCAD command and variable. We have all had questions like "Can I do it this way with that command?" or "How do I get this sequence to work?" It is more important to know where to find information about AutoCAD commands than to remember it all. This reference guide is designed to give you fast access to AutoCAD's commands, variables, and key topics. Each command, variable, and topic is presented alphabetically and described simply and to the point. The complexities of commands and variables are explained with tips and warnings learned from experience. Why This Book Is Different This guide pulls AutoCAD commands, variables, and topics into one easy-to-use refer ence that brings important information about every AutoCAD command and variable to your fmgertips. The guide is not limited to a mere listing of commands and variables and what they do. It also helps you cents Find commands and variables quickly to get key descriptions cents Get tips and warnings that will save you time cents See example sequences and screen shots illustrating how to use commands and variables cents Identify variables for use with commands, menu macros, and AutoLISP Who Does This Book Benefit? This book is intended to be used by a person having some basic knowledge o

Product Data Technology encompasses the information related to all stages in the product life cycle from product design via production planning, production processes, production control etc. through the delivery and operational stages of the technical product. Product Data Technology takes a coherent, unified view of the information captured in this whole life cycle and provides methodologies to support this integrated perspective. The Product Data Technology Advisory Group (PDTAG), a Special Interest Group of the CIME Division of the Commission of the European Communities founded in 1991, has encouraged the formation of a new subseries on Product Data Technology within the existing series of Research Reports ESPRIT. This subseries will provide a depository for the important contributions made by ESPRIT projects to the evolving area of Product Data Technology, particularly also those based on STEP (ISO 10303). PDTAG is grateful to Springer Publishers for establishing this subseries which will serve to report recent international developments in Product Data Technology. The current volume describes the results of the ESPRIT Project CACID (Proj. No. 5168), dealing with the subject of computer-aided concurrent integral design. Concurrent engineering provides an important enhancement of computer-aided product design by offering a framework and methodology for the management of design projects with multiple parallel tasks. Concurrent Engineering is one of the important growth areas for Product Data Technology.

This book contains a selection of papers about a broad range of topics relating to CAD modelling and graphics. These papers present an excellent overview of the research and application work done at different R&D institutions in Europe and USA. The papers are grouped into sections. First, issues in feature-based product development (such as representation of form features, consistency management, and reasoning) are addressed from different perspectives. Next, CAD models and architectures are introduced from an application perspective. Then some design techniques are presented. The following sections deal with communication in design and analysis, input and interaction techniques, and visualization.

Start animating right away with this tutorial-based guide to Autodesk 3ds Max 2016 Autodesk 3ds Max 2016 Essentials is your perfect hands-on guide to start animating quickly. Using approachable, real-world exercises, you'll master the fundamentals of this leading animation software by following full-color screen shots step by step. Each chapter opens with a quick discussion of concepts and learning objectives, and then launches into hands-on tutorials that give you firsthand experience and a good start on preparing for the 3ds Max certification exam. You'll learn the basics of modeling, texturing, animating, and visual effects as you create a retro-style alarm clock, animate a thrown knife, model a chair, and more. Whether you're a complete beginner or migrating from another 3D application, this task-based book provides the solid grounding you need in Autodesk 3ds Max 2016. * Model your character with polygons, meshes, and more * Add motion with simple and complex animations * Add color and textures to visualize materials and surfaces * Render interior scenes with great lighting and camera placement If you want to learn 3ds Max quickly and painlessly, Autodesk 3ds Max 2016 Essentials helps you start animating today.

Dieses Buch bietet eine systematische Einfuhrung in dieses neue Arbeitsfeld der automatischen Bildanalyse. Es behandelt samtliche wichtigen Teilaspekte, beginnend mit der Gewinnung von Tiefenbildern durch passive und aktive Verfahren uber die Extraktion charakteristischer Flachenmerkmale und die Segmentierung bis hin zur modellbasierten Objekterkennung. Daneben werden konkrete Anwendungen der Tiefenbildanalyse vorgestellt. Die Didaktik des Buches erlaubt es Forschern und Praktikern, sich selbstandig in dieses Gebiet einzuarbeiten. Das teilweise schwer zugangliche Material wurde in einheitlicher Notation und verstandlicher Form aufbereitet. Die beschriebenen Verfahren koennen damit leicht auf dem Computer implementiert werden. Die Literaturhinweise geben einen vollstandigen UEberblick uber die aktuelle Forschung.

This book presents a collection of revised refereed papers selected from the contributions to the Fifth International Workshop on Computer Aided Systems Theory, EUROCAST '95, held in Innsbruck, Austria in May 1995.
The 42 full papers contained have been contributed by CAST theoreticians, tool-makers, designers, and appliers and reflect the full spectrum of activities in the area. The papers are organized in sections on systems theory, design environments, complex systems design, and specific applications.

It is well-known that some 85% of the resources necessary to design and bring to market a product are committed by decisions taken in the first 10% of the design activity. This together with the wish to reduce further the time-to-market of high quality innovative products has increased the need for computer support at the conceptual design stage of the engineering design process life-style. This proceedings firmly focuses on the continuing research into new uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) during the conceptual design process. It shows how novel applications of AI may be integrated with aspects of solid modelling, simulation optimisation and multiple criterion decision- making. A particular emphasis is placed on the use of AI methods in the overall design of products from major Civil Engineering structures to Consumer Electronics.

AutoCAD is the most widely used computer-aided design package in the world. Underneath AutoCAD is a powerful computing language called AutoLISP. This language is designed to automate many functions of AutoCAD. This book is a hands-on introduction to AutoLISP and its applications. AutoLISP is a unique and powerful language that allows you to write, debug, and modify programs extremely quickly, once you understand how the language itself works. Part I contains an easy-to-learn pictorial representation for data and code, a tool used to easily solve problems otherwise approached through trial and error method. Essential AutoLISP is the only book in its field that uses the pictorial representation. Part II is devoted to learning how AutoLISP processes the code entered. Part V not only explains the causes of most common error messages and how to solve them, but examines many other errors that don't necessarily give messages.