N etwork-based computing domain unifies all best research efforts presented from single computer systems to networked systems to render overwhelming computational power for several modern day applications. Although this power is expected to grow with respect to time due to tech nological advancements, application requirements impose a continuous thrust on network utilization and on the resources to deliver supreme quality of service. Strictly speaking, network-based computing dornain has no confined scope and each element offers considerable challenges. Any modern day networked application strongly thrives on efficient data storage and management system, which is essentially a Database System. There have been nurnber of books-to-date in this domain that discuss fundamental principles of designing a database systern. Research in this dornain is now far matured and rnany researchers are venturing in this dornain continuously due to a wide variety of challenges posed. In this book, our dornain of interest is in exposing the underlying key challenges in designing algorithms to handle unpredictable requests that arrive at a Distributed Database System(DDBS) and evaluating their performance. These requests are otherwise called as on-line requests arriving at a system to process. Transactions in an on-line Banking service, Airline Reservation systern, Video-on-Demand systern, etc, are few examples of on-line requests."

This book is the result of a long friendship, of a broad international co operation, and of a bold dream. It is the summary of work carried out by the authors, and several other wonderful people, during more than 15 years, across 3 continents, in the course of countless meetings, workshops and discus sions. It shows that neither language nor distance can be an obstacle to close scientific cooperation, when there is unity of goals and true collaboration. When we started, we had very different approaches to handling the mys terious, almost magical world of asynchronous circuits. Some were more theo retical, some were closer to physical reality, some were driven mostly by design needs. In the end, we all shared the same belief that true Electronic Design Automation research must be solidly grounded in formal models, practically minded to avoid excessive complexity, and tested "in the field" in the form of experimental tools. The results are this book, and the CAD tool petrify. The latter can be downloaded and tried by anybody bold (or desperate) enough to tread into the clockless (but not lawless) domain of small-scale asynchronicity. The URL is http: //www.lsi. upc. esr j ordic/petrify. We believe that asynchronous circuits are a wonderful object, that aban dons some of the almost militaristic law and order that governs synchronous circuits, to improve in terms of simplicity, energy efficiency and performance."

Computational concepts and techniques have always played a major role in control engineering since the first computer-based control systems were put into operation over twenty years ago. This role has in fact been accelerating over the intervening years as the sophistication of the computing methods and tools available, as well as the complexity of the control problems they have been used to solve, have also increased. In particular, the introduction of the microprocessor and its use as a low-cost computing element in a distributed computer control system has had a profound effect on the way in which the design and implementation of a control system is carried out and, to some extent, on the theory which underlies the basic design strategies. The development of interactive computing has encouraged a substantial growth in the use of computer aided design methods and robust and efficient numerical algorithms have been produced to support these methods. Major advances have also taken place in the languages used for control system implementation, notably the recent introduction of Ada'," a language whose design is based on some very fundamental computer science concepts derived and developed over the past decade. With the extremely high rate of change in the field of computer science, the more recent developments have outpaced their incorporation into new control system design and implementation techniques."

Microwave Integrated Circuits provides a comprehensive overview of analysis and design methods for integrated circuits and devices in microwave systems. Passive and active devices, and linear and non-linear circuits are covered with a final chapter detailing measurement and test techniques.

In this volume, designed for computational scientists and engineers working on applications requiring the memories and processing rates of large-scale parallelism, leading algorithmicists survey their own field-defining contributions, together with enough historical and bibliographical perspective to permit working one's way to the frontiers. This book is distinguished from earlier surveys in parallel numerical algorithms by its extension of coverage beyond core linear algebraic methods into tools more directly associated with partial differential and integral equations - though still with an appealing generality - and by its focus on practical medium-granularity parallelism, approachable through traditional programming languages. Several of the authors used their invitation to participate as a chance to stand back and create a unified overview, which nonspecialists will appreciate.

A Comprehensive Study of SQL - Practice and Implementation is designed as a textbook and provides a comprehensive approach to SQL (Structured Query Language), the standard programming language for defining, organizing, and exploring data in relational databases. It demonstrates how to leverage the two most vital tools for data query and analysis - SQL and Excel - to perform comprehensive data analysis without the need for a sophisticated and expensive data mining tool or application. Features The book provides a complete collection of modeling techniques, beginning with fundamentals and gradually progressing through increasingly complex real-world case studies It explains how to build, populate, and administer high-performance databases and develop robust SQL-based applications It also gives a solid foundation in best practices and relational theory The book offers self-contained lessons on key SQL concepts or techniques at the end of each chapter using numerous illustrations and annotated examples This book is aimed primarily at advanced undergraduates and graduates with a background in computer science and information technology. Researchers and professionals will also find this book useful.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on OpenMP, held in Canberra, Australia, in September 2013. The 14 technical full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from various submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on proposed extensions to OpenMP, applications, accelerators, scheduling, and tools.

This new book on mathematical logic by Jeremy Avigad gives a thorough introduction to the fundamental results and methods of the subject from the syntactic point of view, emphasizing logic as the study of formal languages and systems and their proper use. Topics include proof theory, model theory, the theory of computability, and axiomatic foundations, with special emphasis given to aspects of mathematical logic that are fundamental to computer science, including deductive systems, constructive logic, the simply typed lambda calculus, and type-theoretic foundations. Clear and engaging, with plentiful examples and exercises, it is an excellent introduction to the subject for graduate students and advanced undergraduates who are interested in logic in mathematics, computer science, and philosophy, and an invaluable reference for any practicing logician's bookshelf.

This book provides step-by-step guidance on how to design VLSI systems using Verilog. It shows the way to design systems that are device, vendor and technology independent. Coverage presents new material and theory as well as synthesis of recent work with complete Project Designs using industry standard CAD tools and FPGA boards. The reader is taken step by step through different designs, from implementing a single digital gate to a massive design consuming well over 100,000 gates. All the design codes developed in this book are Register Transfer Level (RTL) compliant and can be readily used or amended to suit new projects.

The Engineering of Complex Real-Time Computer Control Systems brings together in one place important contributions and up-to-date research results in this important area. The Engineering of Complex Real-Time Computer Control Systems serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most important research issues in the field.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 10th International Conference on High Performance Computing for Computational Science, VECPAR 2012, held in Kope, Japan, in July 2012. The 28 papers presented together with 7 invited talks were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and revision. The papers are organized in topical sections on CPU computing, applications, finite element method from various viewpoints, cloud and visualization performance, method and tools for advanced scientific computing, algorithms and data analysis, parallel iterative solvers on multicore architectures.

This book describes research performed in the context of trust/distrust propagation and aggregation, and their use in recommender systems. This is a hot research topic with important implications for various application areas. The main innovative contributions of the work are: -new bilattice-based model for trust and distrust, allowing for ignorance and inconsistency -proposals for various propagation and aggregation operators, including the analysis of mathematical properties -Evaluation of these operators on real data, including a discussion on the data sets and their characteristics. -A novel approach for identifying controversial items in a recommender system -An analysis on the utility of including distrust in recommender systems -Various approaches for trust based recommendations (a.o. base on collaborative filtering), an in depth experimental analysis, and proposal for a hybrid approach -Analysis of various user types in recommender systems to optimize bootstrapping of cold start users.

This book will enable the reader to very quickly begin programming in assembly language. Through this hands-on programming, readers will also learn more about the computer architecture of the Intel 32-bit processor, as well as the relationship between high-level and low-level languages. Topics: presents an overview of assembly language, and an introduction to general purpose registers; illustrates the key concepts of each chapter with complete programs, chapter summaries, and exercises; covers input/output, basic arithmetic instructions, selection structures, and iteration structures; introduces logic, shift, arithmetic shift, rotate, and stack instructions; discusses procedures and macros, and examines arrays and strings; investigates machine language from a discovery perspective. This textbook is an ideal introduction to programming in assembly language for undergraduate students, and a concise guide for professionals wishing to learn how to write logically correct programs in a minimal amount of time.

This is the first book to focus on designing run-time reconfigurable systems on FPGAs, in order to gain resource and power efficiency, as well as to improve speed. Case studies in partial reconfiguration guide readers through the FPGA jungle, straight toward a working system. The discussion of partial reconfiguration is comprehensive and practical, with models introduced together with methods to implement efficiently the corresponding systems. Coverage includes concepts for partial module integration and corresponding communication architectures, floorplanning of the on-FPGA resources, physical implementation aspects starting from constraining primitive placement and routing all the way down to the bitstream required to configure the FPGA, and verification of reconfigurable systems.

The International Workshop on "The Use of Supercomputers in Theoretical Science" took place on January 24 and 25, 1991, at the University of Antwerp (UIA), Antwerpen, Belgium. It was the sixth in a series of workshops, the fIrst of which took place in 1984. The principal aim of these workshops is to present the state of the art in scientific large-scale and high speed-computation. Computational science has developed into a third methodology equally important now as its theoretical and experimental companions. Gradually academic researchers acquired access to a variety of supercomputers and as a consequence computational science has become a major tool for their work. It is a pleasure to thank the Belgian National Science Foundation (NFWO-FNRS) and the Ministry of ScientifIc Affairs for sponsoring the workshop. It was organized both in the framework of the Third Cycle "Vectorization, Parallel Processing and Supercomputers" and the "Governemental Program in Information Technology." We also very much would like to thank the University of Antwerp (Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen -VIA) for fInancial and material support. Special thanks are due to Mrs. H. Evans for the typing and editing of the manuscripts and for the preparation of the author and subject indexes. J.T. Devreese P.E. Van Camp University of Antwerp July 1991 v CONlENTS High Perfonnance Numerically Intensive Applications on Distributed Memory Parallel Computers .................... . F.W. Wray Abstract ......................................... .

Distributed applications are a necessity in most central application sectors of the contemporary information society, including e-commerce, e-banking, e-learning, e-health, telecommunication and transportation. This results from a tremendous growth of the role that the Internet plays in business, administration and our everyday activities. This trend is going to be even further expanded in the context of advances in broadband wireless communication. New Developments in Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems focuses on the techniques available or under development with the goal to ease the burden of constructing reliable and maintainable interoperable information systems providing services in the global communicating environment. The topics covered in this book include: * Context-aware applications; * Integration and interoperability of distributed systems; * Software architectures and services for open distributed systems; * Management, security and quality of service issues in distributed systems; * Software agents and mobility; * Internet and other related problem areas.The book contains the proceedings of the Third International Working Conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems (DAIS'2001), which was held in September 2001 in Krakow, Poland, and sponsored by the International Federation on Information Processing (IFIP). The conference program presents the state of the art in research concerning distributed and interoperable systems. This is a topical research area where much activity is currently in progress. Interesting new aspects and innovative contributions are still arising regularly. The DAIS series of conferences is one of the main international forums where these important findings are reported.

Both algorithms and the software . and hardware of automatic computers have gone through a rapid development in the past 35 years. The dominant factor in this development was the advance in computer technology. Computer parameters were systematically improved through electron tubes, transistors and integrated circuits of ever-increasing integration density, which also influenced the development of new algorithms and programming methods. Some years ago the situation in computers development was that no additional enhancement of their performance could be achieved by increasing the speed of their logical elements, due to the physical barrier of the maximum transfer speed of electric signals. Another enhancement of computer performance has been achieved by parallelism, which makes it possible by a suitable organization of n processors to obtain a perform ance increase of up to n times. Research into parallel computations has been carried out for several years in many countries and many results of fundamental importance have been obtained. Many parallel computers have been designed and their algorithmic and program ming systems built. Such computers include ILLIAC IV, DAP, STARAN, OMEN, STAR-100, TEXAS INSTRUMENTS ASC, CRAY-1, C mmp, CM*, CLIP-3, PEPE. This trend is supported by the fact that: a) many algorithms and programs are highly parallel in their structure, b) the new LSI and VLSI technologies have allowed processors to be combined into large parallel structures, c) greater and greater demands for speed and reliability of computers are made."

The first Annual Working Conference ofWG11.4oftheInter nationalFederationforInformation Processing (IFIP),focuseson variousstate of the art concepts in the field of Network and Dis tributedSystemsSecurity. Oursocietyisrapidly evolvingand irreversibly set onacourse governedby electronicinteractions. Wehave seen thebirthofe mail in the early seventies, and are now facing new challenging applicationssuchase commerce, e government,...Themoreour societyrelies on electronicforms ofcommunication,themorethe securityofthesecommunicationnetworks isessentialforitswell functioning. Asaconsequence,researchonmethodsandtechniques toimprove network security iso fparam ount importance. ThisWorking Conference bringstogetherresearchersandprac tionersofvariousdisciplines,organisationsandcountries,todiscuss thelatestdevelopmentsinsecurity protocols, secure software engin eering,mobileagentsecurity,e commercesecurityandsecurityfor distributedcomputing. Wearealsopleasedtohaveattractedtwointernationalspeakers topresenttwo case studies,one dealing withBelgium'sintentionto replacetheidentity card ofitscitizensbyanelectronicversion,and theotherdiscussingtheimplicationsofthesecuritycertificationin amultinationalcorporation. ThisWorking Conference s houldalsobeconsideredasthekick off activity ofWG11.4, the aimsof which can be summarizedas follows: topromoteresearch on technical measures forsecuringcom puternetworks, including bothhardware andsoftware based techniques. to promote dissemination of research results in the field of network security in real lifenetworks in industry, academia and administrative ins titutions. viii topromoteeducationintheapplicationofsecuritytechniques, andtopromotegeneral awarenessa boutsecurityproblems in thebroadfieldofinformationtechnology. Researchers and practioners who want to get involved in this Working Group, are kindlyrequestedtocontactthechairman. MoreinformationontheworkingsofWG11.4isavailable from the officialIFIP website:http://www.ifip.at.org/. Finally,wewish toexpressour gratitudetoallthosewho have contributedtothisconference in one wayoranother. Wearegr ate fultothe internationalrefereeboard whoreviewedallthe papers andtotheauthorsandinvitedspeakers,whosecontributionswere essential to the successof the conference. We would alsoliketo thanktheparticipantswhosepresenceand interest, togetherwith thechangingimperativesofsociety,willprovea drivingforce for futureconferencestocome.

Dynamic Reconfiguration: Architectures and Algorithms offers a comprehensive treatment of dynamically reconfigurable computer architectures and algorithms for them. The coverage is broad starting from fundamental algorithmic techniques, ranging across algorithms for a wide array of problems and applications, to simulations between models. The presentation employs a single reconfigurable model (the reconfigurable mesh) for most algorithms, to enable the reader to distill key ideas without the cumbersome details of a myriad of models. In addition to algorithms, the book discusses topics that provide a better understanding of dynamic reconfiguration such as scalability and computational power, and more recent advances such as optical models, run-time reconfiguration (on FPGA and related platforms), and implementing dynamic reconfiguration. The book, featuring many examples and a large set of exercises, is an excellent textbook or reference for a graduate course. It is also a useful reference to researchers and system developers in the area.

This textbook serves as an introduction to the subject of embedded systems design, with emphasis on integration of custom hardware components with software. The key problem addressed in the book is the following: how can an embedded systems designer strike a balance between flexibility and efficiency? The book describes how combining hardware design with software design leads to a solution to this important computer engineering problem. The book covers four topics in hardware/software codesign: fundamentals, the design space of custom architectures, the hardware/software interface and application examples. The book comes with an associated design environment that helps the reader to perform experiments in hardware/software codesign. Each chapter also includes exercises and further reading suggestions.
Improvements in this second edition include labs and examples using modern FPGA environments from Xilinx and Altera, which will make the material in this book applicable to a greater number of courses where these tools are already in use. More examples and exercises have been added throughout the book.
"If I were teaching a course on this subject, I would use this as a resource and text. If I were a student who wanted to learn codesign, I would look for a course that at least used a similar approach. If I were an engineer or engineering manager who wanted to learn more about codesign from a very practical perspective, I would read this book first before any other. When I first started learning about codesign as a practitioner, a book like this would have been the perfect introduction."
--Grant Martin, Tensilica--"

Synthesis and Optimization of DSP Algorithms describes approaches taken to synthesising structural hardware descriptions of digital circuits from high-level descriptions of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms. The book contains: -A tutorial on the subjects of digital design and architectural synthesis, intended for DSP engineers, -A tutorial on the subject of DSP, intended for digital designers, -A discussion of techniques for estimating the peak values likely to occur in a DSP system, thus enabling an appropriate signal scaling. Analytic techniques, simulation techniques, and hybrids are discussed. The applicability of different analytic approaches to different types of DSP design is covered, -The development of techniques to optimise the precision requirements of a DSP algorithm, aiming for efficient implementation in a custom parallel processor. The idea is to trade-off numerical accuracy for area or power-consumption advantages. Again, both analytic and simulation techniques for estimating numerical accuracy are described and contrasted. Optimum and heuristic approaches to precision optimisation are discussed, -A discussion of the importance of the scheduling, allocation, and binding problems, and development of techniques to automate these processes with reference to a precision-optimized algorithm, -Future perspectives for synthesis and optimization of DSP algorithms.

A new advanced textbook/reference providing a comprehensive survey of hardware and software architectural principles and methods of computer systems organization and design. The book is suitable for a first course in computer organization. The style is similar to that of the author's book on assembly language in that it strongly supports self-study by students. This organization facilitates compressed presentation of material. Emphasis is also placed on related concepts to practical designs/chips. Topics: material presentation suitable for self- study; concepts related to practical designs and implementations; extensive examples and figures; details provided on several digital logic simulation packages; free MASM download instructions provided; and end-of-chapter exercises.

Regular Nanofabrics in Emerging Technologies gives a deep insight into both fabrication and design aspects of emerging semiconductor technologies, that represent potential candidates for the post-CMOS era. Its approach is unique, across different fields, and it offers a synergetic view for a public of different communities ranging from technologists, to circuit designers, and computer scientists. The book presents two technologies as potential candidates for future semiconductor devices and systems and it shows how fabrication issues can be addressed at the design level and vice versa. The reader either for academic or research purposes will find novel material that is explained carefully for both experts and non-initiated readers. Regular Nanofabrics in Emerging Technologies is a survey of post-CMOS technologies. It explains processing, circuit and system level design for people with various backgrounds.

This book brings together a selection of the best papers from the thirteenth edition of the Forum on specification and Design Languages Conference (FDL), which was held in Southampton, UK in September 2010. FDL is a well established international forum devoted to dissemination of research results, practical experiences and new ideas in the application of specification, design and verification languages to the design, modelling and verification of integrated circuits, complex hardware/software embedded systems, and mixed-technology systems.

Embedded systems have an increasing importance in our everyday lives. The growing complexity of embedded systems and the emerging trend to interconnections between them lead to new challenges. Intelligent solutions are necessary to overcome these challenges and to provide reliable and secure systems to the customer under a strict time and financial budget. Solutions on Embedded Systems documents results of several innovative approaches that provide intelligent solutions in embedded systems. The objective is to present mature approaches, to provide detailed information on the implementation and to discuss the results obtained.