Beginning with the roots of anti-Semitism in early Christian Europe, this book traces the evolution of the Jewish stereotype as the evil "other," which culminated in Adolf Hitler's war against the Jews, wherein he sought to eliminate through mass murder every Jewish man, woman and child. It includes most recent scholarship on the Holocaust which reflects the recent rise of Neo-Nazism, anti-Semitism, and xenophobia throughout the West, including the United States. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of the Holocaust contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 600 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, issues, and events that led to the murder of six-million Jews, and millions of other groups by Nazi Germany. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Holocaust.

This book covers the history of Haiti starting in 1492 with the initial European landing of the island to the present day. Haiti shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic. Haiti proclaimed its independence from France on January 1, 1804 following the only successful slave evolution in the Americas. As a result of the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804), Haiti became the first independent Latin American nation and the second independent nation in the Western Hemisphere, after the United States. Throughout its history it has suffered political violence, and a devastating earthquake which killed over 300,000 people. Historical Dictionary of Haiti, Second Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities as well as aspects of the country's politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about South Africa.

The home of trusted French dictionaries for everyday language learning. An up-to-date French to English and English to French dictionary with a practical, user-friendly grammar guide in one handy volume. With cultural notes on life in French-speaking countries and an easy-to-use grammar section this is the ideal study guide for intermediate learners Easy-to-carry, this fully updated guide to the French language is ideal for use in school, on holiday or for business. This edition has been revised and updated to offer extensive and relevant coverage of today's English and French, with thousands of phrases and examples guiding you to the most appropriate translation. A comprehensive grammar guide presents detailed examples and translations to help you to understand French - the perfect complement to the dictionary. Full coverage of GCSE words and phrases to give you all the help you need when revising for your exams. The new, clear layout gives the text a modern feel, and along with the new alphabet tabs, ensures that you find the information you need quickly and easily.

Beth Qatraye was an important cultural, linguistic and religious crossroads in the pre- and early Islamic periods. In this reissue of a facsimile edition of Duval's edition of Bar Bahlul's lexicon, Duval's Latin introductory material has been translated into English by Samuel Barry.

This is the first comprehensive and authoritative dictionary of the Igbo language, one of the three national languages of Nigeria. Michael J. C. Echeruo, a native speaker of Igbo, focuses on basic words and phrases that the twenty million speakers of Igbo encounter in everyday life-in conversation and in Igbo texts. Recognizing the absence of a single dominant dialect, the author collects words from all of them, with emphasis on the predominant Owerri and Onitsha dialects. The book also includes an English-Igbo index listing Igbo equivalents for particular English words. In the first section of this dictionary, thorough entries for each of some four thousand Igbo discrete word-forms feature Igbo headwords in bold type followed by grammatical class, tone, dialect zone, English meanings, Igbo examples, variants, etymology, and special notes where necessary. Verbs are listed under their consonantal stems as well as in combined entries that include the nouns that complete their meanings. The dictionary`s second part is a convenient English index that refers the user to the closest Igbo synonyms for English words. With a helpful introduction and appendices, this volume will be a primary reference work for both native and non-native users of the Igbo language.

Die Mini-woordeboek: Afrikaans-Engels-Engels-Afrikaans is 'n handige en bekostigbare gids met nuttige frases vir toeriste en sakereisigers. Dit is die ideale woordeboek om vinnig spelling na te gaan of die regte vertaling vir 'n woord te vind en sluit ook afkortings en akronieme in. Dit het pas met 'n nuwe omslag verskyn, is aantreklik ontwerp en sakpas vir oral saamdra. The Mini dictionary - English-Afrikaans-Afrikaans-English is a handy and inexpensive guide to finding the correct spelling or translation and includes useful phrases for tourists and business travellers. It also includes abbreviations and acronyms. With its new cover and attractive design it is an invaluable take-anywhere companion.

The bestselling Spanish-English dictionary perfect for home, school, and work

The "Vox Super-Mini Spanish and English Dictionary" has helped Spanish-language learners read, write, and understand this popular language more successfully than any other portable dictionary on the market. This new edition of this bestselling Vox title has been expanded with 32 additional pages and has been revised and updated from front to back. Reset to provide maximum legibility and redesigned for a clearer and more contemporary layout, this handy A-to-Z reference contains all the essential Spanish words required for quick communication and comprehension.

Inside you'll find: 15,000 headwords and more than 24,500 translations Clearer typography for improved readability Updated coverage of contemporary Spanish language and life

The Chechen language has approximately 1.2 million speakers, and is one of the largest indigenous languages of the northern Caucasus. This bilingual dictionary contains 6000 words of essential vocabulary for Chechen: Basic verbs; pronouns, numerals, particles, conjunctions, and postpositions; common and everyday vocabulary and many entries of the rapidly disappearing traditional vocabulary. All entries have grammatical information and pronunciation guides and are given in both the current Cyrillic orthography and a user-friendly diacritic-free all-Latin transcription. Similar grammatical and pronunciation information is given in the English-Chechen section. Additionally, this dictionary gives background information about the language and descriptions of the sound system and grammar.

U.S. foreign relations in the Middle East has remained crucial through many decades and the complications facing the United States in the Middle East have become even more acute. While the United States downgraded its military operations in Iraq, that country failed to achieve a stable, democratic footing and instead experienced schism and civil strife. Israeli-Palestinian disputes over land, the status of refugees, and control of Jerusalem intensified, and international conflicts between Arab states and Israel escalated for the first time since the 1980s. The Arab Spring protest movements of 2011 and after ignited political turmoil across the region, leading to revolutionary change in several states and triggering persistent unrest and violence in Libya, Egypt, Tunisia, Yemen, Syria, and Iraq. During the recent decade, in short, the Middle East has become the most unstable, dangerous, and complicated region of the world and the United States remains near the center of the maelstrom. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of United States-Middle East Relations contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on national leaders, non-governmental organizations, policy initiatives, and armed conflicts, as well as entries on such topics as intelligence, immigration, and weapons of mass destruction. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the US and Middle East Relations.

The Beginner's Chinese Dictionary is an ideal dictionary for students of the Chinese language. It is specifically designed for learners of Chinese and covers 2,500 essential vocabulary items, including all vocabulary prescribed for Levels 1-5 of the standard test of proficiency in Chinese, Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK). Entries are arranged alphabetically according to the pinyin transliteration. For each character, the radical and stroke count are given. An analysis of word formation is also provided to aid understanding of how words of two or more syllables are formed. Sample sentences are presented in Chinese characters with pinyin and English equivalents, to show how each headword should be used. A radical and character index allows quick access to any headword. Key features of this Chinese character dictionary: Over 2,500 basic vocabulary items English-Chinese and Chinese-English sections. Entries arranged alphabetically by pinyin transliteration. Includes all words for HSK Levels 1-5. Sample sentences demonstrate how to use words correctly. Characters and pinyin for all headwords and examples. Introduces and explains radicals, stroke counts, and components. Key character components are given for easy recognition. Useful notes on culture, grammar and usage provided.

The popular Pharos Little Dictionary (2020, 14th edition, 12th impression) boasts a brand-new orange cover!

This handy bilingual dictionary, small enough to carry along anywhere, has been a firm favourite for decades – a quick reference work containing thousands of contemporary words and expressions, abbreviations and acronyms that are relevant for today’s South Africa.

Thousands of word options, near-synonyms, derivatives and compounds make the dictionary very useful. Pronunciation guidance is given in the form of accent marks to indicate the primary stress for each headword, derivative and compound. Guidance is also given for hyphenated words.

For easy reference, the names of SA’s nine provinces and eleven official languages are included at the back.

Easy to use:

• Small enough to carry along anywhere
• Compact reference work
• Hundreds of contemporary words and expressions
• Quick translations
• List of abbreviations
• SA’s provinces and official languages

• Word stress
• Plural forms
• Homonyms
• Synonyms
• Compounds and derivatives
• Guidance on hyphenated words
• Expressions and phrases

There are very serious environmental problems facing the planet. Biodiversity loss has reached unprecedented levels. Climate change is progressing so rapidly that within this century we are likely to see substantial sea level rise. There has been dramatic loss of tropical rainforests. Plastic pollution is killing wildlife and polluting our oceans. Various movements old and new are addressing these green issues. Civil society activism has taken on new strategies with the emergence of new technologies and global networks of green activists have formed. A new generation of green activists are emerging and boldly criticizing the status quo. At the same time, in some parts of the world, green movements that looked like they were beginning to gain a political foothold or were even doing quite well are in retreat. The reasons are complex. Some suffer from lack of funding and hostile political and legal environments. Others are being attacked by populist politicians who see green activism as a threat. The second edition of Historical Dictionary of the Green Movement contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced on green movements, green politics, green trends, and major environmental agreements and events. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the green movement.

The history of same-sex attraction and love is relevant to many aspects of history, including its social, religious, and political dimensions. The Historical Dictionary of Homosexuality provides a comprehensive survey of same-sex relations from ancient China and Greece to the contemporary world. The book covers religious traditions that have tolerated or had a role for same-sex relations, to those that have condemned it and called for punishment. The legal treatment of homosexuality, and the development in the modern world of a gay rights movements, are central areas of focus. In addition, there are a number of entries for specific countries and regions that provides concise summaries of how same-sex relations have been understood and treated around the globe. Court decisions and emerging norms in international law are also covered. Historical Dictionary of Homosexuality, Second Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 200 cross-referenced entries on important historical figures, philosophic, artistic, and literary treatments of same-sex love, historical terms, and contemporary events. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about homosexuality.

The home of trusted full-colour visual dictionaries for everyday use. A photographic guide to the key words and phrases in Arabic. This attractive pocket-sized book is a perfect travel companion and provides a practical guide to the Arabic language, world and culture. Everyday words are arranged in themes with carefully selected up-to-date images to illustrate key words and phrases, and an English and Arabic index help you to find words quickly as you learn. 3,000 essential words and phrases for modern life in Arabic-speaking countries are at your fingertips with topics covering food and drink, home life, work and school, shopping, sport and leisure, transport, technology, and the environment. Great care has been given to represent modern Arabic culture and enhance your experience of the Arab world, including customs, celebrations, and festivals. Plus, download your free audio to hear native speakers pronounce the word for each image and get your pronunciation pitch perfect, available from collinsdictionary.com/resources#visual

"What's the word for...?" Over 1500 words.Easy to use.Help with letter changes.Step-by-step introduction to using a dictionary.Suitable for a wide age range. "What's the word for...?" This dictionary is especially for those who are learning Welsh as a second language, and will help to develop the skills needed to use a dictionary.

Lexicographica. Series Maior features monographs and edited volumes on the topics of lexicography and meta-lexicography. Works from the broader domain of lexicology are also included, provided they strengthen the theoretical, methodological and empirical basis of lexicography and meta-lexicography. The almost 150 books published in the series since its founding in 1984 clearly reflect the main themes and developments of the field. The publications focus on aspects of lexicography such as micro- and macrostructure, typology, history of the discipline, and application-oriented lexicographical documentation.

The Russo-Japanese War was fought for 19 months (8 February 1904- 5 September 1905) between the empires of Japan and the Russia over the southern part of Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula. While essentially a colonial conflict, the war became a major engagement both in scale and innovation unseen until then. In recent years there has been a growing awareness that this event marks a historical juncture far more important than it was usually taken to be. This second edition of the Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War offers a major revision of the highly praised first edition, which, by all accounts, has been the standard work on this conflict in any language during the last decade. The book contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. Moreover, the dictionary section has some 800 new or fully revised cross-referenced entries on the battles, weaponry, and major personalities of the war, as well as various international events and conflicts, agreements, schemes, and projects that led to the war. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Russo-Japanese War.

The home of trusted Greek dictionaries for everyday language learning. A handy and affordable Greek to English and English to Greek reference for every day, including short grammars of Greek and English. Offers travellers and learners at home, school or in the office extensive and up-to-date coverage of Greek and English in a portable format. More than 42,000 words and phrases and 57,000 translations. Designed for all those studying Greek who need maximum information in a handy travel format. Offers comprehensive and up-to-the-minute coverage of Greek and English. Delivers the accuracy and reliability you expect from the Collins name. With natural, idiomatic example phrases, in-depth treatment of the most important core vocabulary and help to find the exact translation you want.

Baptists are a major group of Christians with a worldwide presence. Originating in the English Puritan-Separatist tradition of the 17th century, Baptists proliferated in North America, and through missionary work from England, Europe, and North America, they have established churches, associations, unions, missions, and alliances in virtually every country. They are among the most highly motivated evangelists of the Christian gospel, employing at present in excess of 7,000 domestic and overseas missionaries. Important characteristics of the Baptists across their history are: the authority of the Scriptures, individual accountability before God, the priority of religious experience, religious liberty, separation of church and state, congregational independence, and a concern for the social implications of the gospel. Baptists recognize a twofold ministry (deacons and pastors) or a threefold order (deacons, elders, pastors). Historical Dictionary of the Baptists, Third Edition expands upon the second edition with an updated chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important events, doctrines, and the church founders, leaders, and other prominent figures who have made notable contributions.

The home of trusted French dictionaries and thesauruses for school use. The ideal handy French reference for secondary school students looking for a dictionary that is modern, up-to-date, clear and easy to use. Developed for home study, and to be used in the classroom. Especially designed for KS3 school students, and is ideal in the classroom, at home and during exams. It contains all the words and phrases students will need, with key curriculum words highlighted, all essential phrases covered, and thousands of examples to show how French is really used. The clear layout and alphabet tabs down the side of each page lead the students to the information they need quickly and without fuss. All main translations are underlined to help users go straight to the answer they are looking for. The dictionary includes language tips and culture notes throughout the text. Je suis, tu es... French verbs made easy! Each verb on the French side of the dictionary is cross-referred to a comprehensive 94-page verb guide, with full conjugations and example phrases showing the verb used in context. Also available in Spanish and German.

The English-IsiNdebele/IsiNdebele-English Bilingual Dictionary is part of the Pharos entry-level series of bilingual dictionaries for English and the nine official African languages in South Africa. The dictionary is suitable for English or isiNdebele first or second-language speakers wishing to learn an additional language. It will help users build their vocabulary, improve grammar and use common phrases correctly, whether at school level, in the workplace, as a tourist, or just for anyone wishing to learn isiNdebele.

The Pharos series of bilingual dictionaries supports the Department of Basic Education’s Language-in-Education Policy to develop and maintain all the official languages, to promote multilingualism in South Africa, and to support the teaching and learning of all the official
languages.

IsiNdebele is part of the Nguni subfamily of languages with 2.1% (1.1m) of the population as mothertongue speakers and 1.4m second-language users, 2.5m in total (Stats SA 2011).

A perfect companion for speakers of Spanish studying English and preparing for tests

Includes essential school vocabulary

Compiled from the Bank of English, a 650-million-word English database

Spelling and translation alternatives build language proficiency