A perfect dictionary for quick, on-the-go language reference features 40,000 entries as well as clear, concise, definitions, variant spellings, and pronunciations. Includes a brief guide to punctuation.

The home of trusted Latin dictionaries for everyday language learning. A handy and affordable Latin to English and English to Latin dictionary for everyday use, including guidance on Latin grammar and insights into Roman culture. The clear layout allows for fast and easy access when you most need it. Ideal for use at home, in the office or in the classroom. More than 60,000 words and phrases and 80,000 translations. Extensive coverage of Latin for school exams, general reference and legal requirements. Contains a useful supplement of Latin verb conjugations, noun declensions, verbal nouns and adjectives, and irregular verbs making this the ideal revision aid. There is helpful coverage of Latin numbers, dates, money and measures and a list of key events in Roman history.

Written for students of linguistics, applied linguistics and speech therapy, this dictionary covers over 2,000 terms in phonetics and phonology. In addition to providing a comprehensive, yet concise, guide to an enormous number of individual terms, it also includes an explanation of the most important theoretical approaches to phonology. Its usefulness as a reference tool is further enhanced by the inclusion of pronunciations, notational devices and symbols, earliest sources of terms, suggestions for further reading, and advice with regard to usage.
The wide range of topics explained include:
* Classical phonology, including American Structuralism and the Prague School
* Contemporary approaches, including Autosegmental Phonology, Metrical Phonology, Dependency Phonology, Government Phonology and Lexical Phonology
* Prosodic ideas in phonology, both traditional and contemporary ^ * * historical phonology
* Intonation and tonology
This dictionary devotes space to the various theoretical approaches in proportion to their importance, but it concentrates most heavily on non-theory-bound descriptive terminology. It will remain a definitive reference for years to come.

With 10,000 years of history, Peru, with its formidable Inca and pre-Inca civilizations and its rich colonial and post-colonial past, formed the very foundations of multi-ethnic South American history and society. It is a country rich in natural and human resources, but has been largely confined to a state of underdevelopment for much of its history. However, since 2000 Peru has shown significant signs of economic and political progress as its economy grew rapidly and it polity democratized. The Historical Dictionary of Peru packages in a unique way the course of Peru's evolution and recent trajectory, with substantial sections devoted to describing and analyzing the country's history, politics and social order, combined with shorter entries on the important people and events that have contributed to its current state of affairs. It also includes a comprehensive profile of the country based on an array of data, tables and statistics. In short, PERU will be an indispensable introduction and source for high school, college and graduate students, travelers and tourists and American government and business personnel with Peru as a destination. The Historical Dictionary of Peru contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture.

The EnglishXitsonga/XitsongaEnglish Bilingual Dictionary is part of the Pharos entrylevel series of bilingual dictionaries for English and the nine official African languages in South Africa. The dictionary is suitable for English or Xitsonga firstor second-language speakers
wishing to learn an additional language. It will help users build their vocabulary, improve grammar and use common phrases correctly, whether at school level, in the workplace, as a tourist, or just for anyone wishing to learn Xitsonga. The Pharos series of bilingual dictionaries supports the Department of Basic Education’s Language-in-Education Policy to develop and maintain all the official languages, to promote multilingualism in South Africa, and to support the teaching and learning of all the official languages.

Xitsonga is part of the TswaRonga subfamily of languages with 4.5% (2.3m) of the population as mothertongue speakers and 3.4m secondlanguage users, 5.7m in total (Stats SA 2011).

The English-IsiZulu/IsiZulu-English Bilingual Dictionary is part of the Pharos entrylevel series of bilingual dictionaries for English and the nine official African languages in South Africa. The dictionary is suitable for English or isiZulu first or second-language speakers wishing to learn an additional language. It is easy to use and will help users build their vocabulary, improve grammar and use common phrases correctly, whether at school level, in the workplace, as a tourist, or just for anyone wishing to learn isiZulu. The Pharos series of bilingual dictionaries supports the Department of Basic Education’s Language-in-Education Policy to develop and maintain all the official languages, to promote multilingualism in South Africa, and to support the teaching and learning of all the official languages.

IsiZulu is part of the Nguni subfamily of languages with 22.7% (11.6m) of the population as mother-tongue speakers and 15.7m second-language users, 27.3m in total (Stats SA 2011).

Shona, or ChiShona, a Bantu language spoken by eight million people in Zimbabwe and Mozambique, is the official and most widely-spoken language of Zimbabwe. Designed for the traveler, this compact guide provides the means for basic communication in Shona, featuring a two-way dictionary and phrasebook with practical and cultural information. --1,400 dictionary entries --Pronunciation guide --A basic grammar --Essential phrases --Ideal for the traveler and student

The emergence of Russia or Rus', as it was known, from a group of scattered Slavic tribes into one of the most powerful states of medieval and modern European history is an extraordinary story. It is a story filled with much struggle as there were historical periods when Russia almost ceased to exist as it underwent invasion and conquest. Historical Dictionary of Medieval Russia, Second Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities as well as aspects of the country's politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about medieval Russia.

Poetic books have been used for centuries in the tradition of Islamic education. Namely, it benefits from the quality rhymed and metered texts have of easily being remembered, aiming for students to easily acquire information using texts of this type, as well as for the information to permanently stay in the student's memory. The area covered by the versified dictionaries that had begun being written for children whose native language was not Arabic for the purpose of better understanding the Qur'an, the sacred book of Islam, expanded over time, and versified dictionaries were written in various languages for various reasons. The work presented in this study for the fi rst time to the scientific world through an academic perspective is Almanca Tuhfe/Deutsches Geschenk (The Gift of German), which was published in Istanbul in 1916.

With the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Japan opened its doors to the West and underwent remarkable changes as it sought to become a modern nation. Accompanying the political changes that Western trade ushered in were widespread social and cultural changes. Newspapers, novels, poems, and plays from the Western world were soon adapted and translated into Japanese. The combination of the rich storytelling tradition of Japan with the realism and modernism of the West produced some of the greatest literature of the modern age. Historical Dictionary of Modern Japanese Literature and Theater, Second Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 500 cross-referenced entries authors, literary and historical developments, trends, genres, and concepts that played a central role in the evolution of modern Japanese literature.

Having achieved its independence from France in 1960, Chad has run into a serious crises of national building, which have continued to haunt it to the present day, making it one of the poorest and most politically unstable countries on the globe. Chad is a country with sharp geographic and climatic contrasts that puzzle and fascinate the visitor, displaying first a monotonous but majestic portion of the Saharan Desert in the north, punctuated by plains and high altitudes displayed by the Tibesti mountains, where the highest point, Emi Koussi, reaches 11,204 ft.; the middle Central Sahelian zone, where pastoral transhumance lifestyle predominates but where and nut cultivation and harvesting is possible; and an endowed southern tropical zone where the forest and the savanna meet, blessed by several long-running rivers, most notably, the Logone and the Chari that empty their waters into centuries-old Lake Chad. Even though things in Chad seem to have improved during the past 10 years, most observers agree that the path to peace, reconstruction, and economic progress is still long and arduous. This fourth edition of Historical Dictionary of Chad contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Chad.

Now in its second edition, The Routledge Dictionary of Cultural References in Modern French reveals the hidden cultural dimension of contemporary French, as used in the press, going beyond the limited and purely lexical approach of traditional bilingual dictionaries. Even foreign learners of French who possess a good level of French often have difficulty in fully understanding French articles, not because of any linguistic shortcomings on their part but because of their inadequate knowledge of the cultural references. This cultural dictionary of French provides the reader with clear and concise explanations of the crucial cultural dimension behind the most frequently used words and phrases found in the contemporary French press. This vital background information, gathered here in this innovative and entertaining dictionary, will allow readers to go beyond a superficial understanding of the French press and the French language in general to see the hidden yet implied cultural significance that is so transparent to the native speaker. This fully revised second edition includes: a broad range of cultural references from the historical and literary to the popular and classical; an enhanced analysis of punning mechanisms used in the press; over 3,000 cultural references explained with updated examples; a three-level indicator of frequency; new and expanded chapters on the French of Quebec, institutional and academic references, and English borrowings in the areas of IT and medical science; over 600 online questions to test knowledge before and after reading. The Routledge Dictionary of Cultural References in Modern French is the ideal reference for all undergraduate and postgraduate students of French seeking to enhance their understanding of the French language. It will also be of interest to teachers, translators and Francophiles alike. French students in khagne, Sciences-Po and schools of journalism will also find this book valuable and relevant for their studies. Test questions and solutions are available at www.routledge.com/9780367376758, in addition to three online chapters. These bonus chapters explore figurative expressions involving the names of animals, the language of the law and slang terms.

Now in its second edition, The Routledge Dictionary of Cultural References in Modern French reveals the hidden cultural dimension of contemporary French, as used in the press, going beyond the limited and purely lexical approach of traditional bilingual dictionaries. Even foreign learners of French who possess a good level of French often have difficulty in fully understanding French articles, not because of any linguistic shortcomings on their part but because of their inadequate knowledge of the cultural references. This cultural dictionary of French provides the reader with clear and concise explanations of the crucial cultural dimension behind the most frequently used words and phrases found in the contemporary French press. This vital background information, gathered here in this innovative and entertaining dictionary, will allow readers to go beyond a superficial understanding of the French press and the French language in general to see the hidden yet implied cultural significance that is so transparent to the native speaker. This fully revised second edition includes: a broad range of cultural references from the historical and literary to the popular and classical; an enhanced analysis of punning mechanisms used in the press; over 3,000 cultural references explained with updated examples; a three-level indicator of frequency; new and expanded chapters on the French of Quebec, institutional and academic references, and English borrowings in the areas of IT and medical science; over 600 online questions to test knowledge before and after reading. The Routledge Dictionary of Cultural References in Modern French is the ideal reference for all undergraduate and postgraduate students of French seeking to enhance their understanding of the French language. It will also be of interest to teachers, translators and Francophiles alike. French students in khagne, Sciences-Po and schools of journalism will also find this book valuable and relevant for their studies. Test questions and solutions are available at www.routledge.com/9780367376758, in addition to three online chapters. These bonus chapters explore figurative expressions involving the names of animals, the language of the law and slang terms.

This book, now in its third edition, is still the most uniquely comprehensive resource for finding word parts needed to express a concept. Along with aiding vocabulary expansion, this dictionary provides guidance to those who may be interested in inventing or deciphering words bearing an established and embedded meaning. This work is split into three parts. Part I, the dictionary proper, provides an alphabetical listing of over 5,100 word parts. Each entry includes a brief definition, examples of use and etymology. Part II, the Finder, is a reverse dictionary that allows users to start with a meaning or concept to then find word parts that express the meaning. The only reverse dictionary of its kind,this section is updated with over 4,600 search terms in total. The expanded Part III organizes word parts under 20 convenient categories-like The Body, Fear or Dislike of, Experts and Shapes.

This book presents a detailed explanation of the essential facts of dictionaries in general. It includes information on the origin of English dictionaries and the authority and choice of a dictionary.

Designed to meet the needs of both student and scholar, this edition of Leviathan offers a brilliant introduction by Edwin Curley, modernized spelling and punctuation of the text, and the inclusion, along with historical and interpretive notes, of the most significant variants between the English version of 1651 and the Latin version of 1668. A glossary of seventeenth-century English terms, and indexes of persons, subjects, and scriptural passages help make this the most thoughtfully conceived edition of Leviathan available.

This volume examines some of the ways in which dictionary use has been studied, considers the problems encountered by researchers in this field, and presents a series of experiments which explore fundamental questions concerning the use of dictionaries by learners of English as a foreign language. - Are dictionaries helpful in examinations? Does defining style affect consultation success? Do dictionaries benefit some kinds of learners more than others? How useful are illustrative examples? The author concludes with an analysis of current trends in the design of dictionaries for learners of English, and considers the possible impact of new elctronic formats on dictionary use.

The roots of monasticism may go back as far as 1700 BCE, to ascetic practices in ancient India. Since that time, the monastic world has naturally developed its own extensive and distinct vocabulary. Countless volumes have been written on monasticism yet many do not clearly define obscure or vernacular terms. Some terms may be found in standard dictionaries but without in-depth explanations. This first comprehensive dictionary--not a proselytizing work but a reference with historical and biographical focus--fills the gap, with a worldwide scope covering not only Christianity, but all faiths that have monastic traditions, including but not limited to Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism.

The Routledge English-Russian Russian-English Medical Dictionary and Phrasebook is the first full-size English-Russian bilingual Medical Dictionary that covers a broad range of up-to-date medical terminology. Key features: Includes a phrasebook appendix consisting of 22 sections including areas such as Emergency Medical Terminology and Medical Insurance Terms. Expressions included in the phrasebook taken from authentic medical documents. English-Russian list of medical roots Suffixes and prefixes that are predominately used in medical terminology formation Bilingual list of the most used medical abbreviations Russian words provided with stress marks for proper pronunciation. This dictionary has been designed to cater to the needs of Russian-English English-Russian interpreters and translators, bilingual medical professionals, libraries, universities, educators and students both in English and in Russian-speaking countries. Yuliya Baldwin is a linguist and a specialist in English-Russian interpretation/translation and teaches Russian at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.

The first the English and Zulu Dictionary dictionary was published in 1958 by Wits Unviersity Press and compiled by C.M. Doke and B.W. Vilakazi, intended as a companion to the Zulu-English Dictionary compiled by Doke and Vilakazi (first published 1948 by Wits University Press). The first combined edition with English-isiZulu / isiZulu-English was published in 1990 and remains the definitive authority. A vised isiZulu orthography is introduced in this Fourth Edition in line with the approved PanSALB (2008) orthography revisions undertaken under the auspices and control of the Wits Language Centre, Johannesburg.

This dictionary is the ideal supplement to the German/English Dictionary of Idioms, which together give a rich source of material for the translator from and into each language. The dictionary contains 15,000 headwords, each entry supplying the German equivalents, variants, contexts and the degree of currency/rarity of the idiomatic expression. This dictionary will be an invaluable resource for students and professional literary translators. Not for sale in Germany, Austria or Switzerland

This is the largest, most comprehensive, and by far the most up-to-date dictionary providing English equivalents of the SerboCroatian lexicon, including about 60,000 SerboCroatian headwords and 100,000 phrases, idioms, and collocations. The vocabulary represents the present-day speech of educated Yugoslavs and of the daily press, and includes the complex political and economic terminology used in contemporary Yugoslavia. The new edition includes a large number of current usages as well as essential computer terms. This dictionary accounts for the differences between the Eastern and Western varieties of SerboCroatian as well as between American and British English. The leading dictionary of its kind in Yugoslavia, this dictionary is a must for every reference library.

This classic dictionary answers questions such as these and explains the origins of over 16,000 names in current English use. It will be a source of fascination to everyone with an interest in names and their history.

Drawn from the Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, with the emphasis on the expressions used or coined before 1914.