Series Information:
Routledge Bilingual Specialist Dictionaries

Biology is an extensive subject that has undergone a vast expansion and so comprises not only such conventional aspects as taxonomy, morphology, biochemistry, functional physiology, and ecology, but also the rapidly expanding new fields of cell biology and molecular biology. This dictionary attempts to provide a comprehensive coverage of biological terms, recognising also that the interface between biology and other sciences, such as chemistry and physics as well as medicine, is becoming less distinct and includes terms from these other areas.

This book is intended especially for teachers and students of biology and other natural sciences, environmental sciences and medicine. College students, amateur biologists, journalists, translators and civil service officers will also find this a useful tool.

This dictionary provides some 40,000 terms and references in all the major areas in the field, including: Air Pollution and Air Quality Control - Environmental Policy - Noise Pollution - Soil Contamination and Remediation - Water Pollution & Waste Water Treatment - Water Supply and Drinking Water - and many others.

This unique reference is a product of the most ambitious attempt to date to record English equivalents for the vocabulary of modern Macedonian. The dictionary covers the vocabulary met with in a wide variety of settings and literary forms, from modern urban life to traditional folk poetry. Features include: * clear, accurate examples of usage * all necessary grammatical information for Macedonian headwords * details of stress, where it departs from the regular pattern * a broad range of idiomatic expressions and proverbs Prepared by scholars at the Australian National University in Canberra, working in collaboration with the compilers of the renowned "Rechnik na makendonskiot jazik," the content has been brought up to date by the addition of many newer words and new senses which have arisen for older words.

Most historic buildings are owned by private citizens who have little or no background in building preservation or its allied fields. These owners—as dedicated as they are to preserving or refurbishing their property—often feel at a disadvantage when communicating with professionals well-versed in the complex jargon of this multidisciplinary field. The Dictionary of Building Preservation provides easy access to this terminology and helps the nonspecialist to understand and communicate with building and design professionals, preservation groups, government agencies, attorneys, and others concerned with building preservation.

Containing more than 10,000 entries that cover the entire breadth of building preservation in North America, this is the best source available for definitions of terms used for buildings, parts of buildings, the development of historic structures, technical standards, relevant legal terminology, and preservation practice. It provides detailed information on various historical styles and fashions, structural, mechanical, and electrical systems, and current restoration techniques. In the Dictionary of Building Preservation, readers will find

• Straightforward definitions that include preservation context, word origin, and national and regional vernaculars
• Many terms that do not appear in any other dictionary
• Cross referencing that allows readers to move from the general to the specific or vice versa
• Nearly 400 illustrations—many rare-edition prints and line drawings from the Historic American Buildings Survey as well as first edition Architectural Graphic Standards technical drawings
• Both modern and obsolete spellings along with an indication of the period in which the term was most commonly used

Compiled by a practicing restoration architect, this is the ideal reference resource for owners of historic homes, preservationists and restoration consultants, architecture buffs, urban planners, land-use attorneys, architects and architectural historians, and anyone involved in building renovation, community preservation, or landmark designation.

building types, building parts, construction methods, raw and manufactured building materials, products and finishes, structural systems, architectural styles, room names, Canadian and U.S. national preservation law and administration, government agencies and preservation organizations, National Register designations, building codes, real estate development, conservation and restoration treatments, specialty items, archeological terms, abbreviations and preservationist jargon, building types

This dictionary, now in its sixth edition, contains over 66,000 terms and 90,000 translations from the following subject areas: automationtechnology; components; electrical energy conversion; electrical installation; electric power technology; electroacoustics; high voltage technology; information technology; laser; micro electronics; power electronics; process-control technology; telecommunications engineering; and theoretical basic knowledge.

This Dictionary consists of some 100,000 terms in both Spanish and English, drawn from the whole range of business, finance and banking terminology. Over 45 subject areas are covered, compiled by a team of international terminologists

The Wiley Dictionary of Civil Engineering and Construction: English-Spanish/Spanish-English offers the first bilingual update of civil engineering terminology in forty years. With more than 50,000 entries in each language, it provides comprehensive coverage of a broad range of industrial disciplines, including architecture, engineering, surveying, building, heavy construction, and municipal engineering.

Entries include technical terms and phrases not found in any general translation dictionary—many of these are taken directly from The Contractor's Dictionary by L. F. Webster, official publications, engineering specifications, and engineering textbooks. Virtually all terms and their functions were supplied by working professionals and experts in each field. Each translation has been confirmed by teams of reviewers in the United States and Latin America to ensure accuracy and reflect a wide range of Spanish dialects. Since there is considerable overlap among engineering disciplines, many of the terms in this book are also applicable to electrical, mechanical, and structural engineering.

The Wiley Dictionary of Civil Engineering and Construction: English-Spanish/Spanish-English is an indispensable resource for civil engineers and contractors, translating correspondence, specifications, and working drawings; marketers for engineering firms, preparing bids and proposals for international contracts; and engineering students, struggling to understand complex course textbooks in a foreign language. It is the only source for accurate, reliable, up-to-date translations of the entire spectrum of engineering and construction terminology.

This dictionary is the ideal supplement to the German/English Dictionary of Idioms, which together give a rich source of material for the translator from and into each language.
The dictionary contains 15,000 headwords, each entry supplying the German equivalents, variants, contexts and the degree of currency/rarity of the idiomatic expression.
This dictionary will be an invaluable resource for students and professional literary translators.
Not for sale in Germany, Austria or Switzerland

This is the essential reference companion to all who use German for business communication.
Containing over 5000 words, this handy two-way A-Z glossary covers the most commonly used terms in business. It will help you to communicate with confidence in a wide variety of situations, and is of equal value to the relative beginner or the fluent speaker.
Written by an experienced native and non-native speaker team working in business language education, this unique glossary is an indispensable reference guide for all students and professionals studying or working in business where German is used.

Published at a time of unprecedented growth of interest in translation, the Dictionary of Translation Studies aims to present the insights of a number of different approaches to translation in an unbiased, non-partisan way. With more than 300 articles, this essential volume provides the reader with a snapshot of a rapidly developing discipline, based on work produced in serveral languages. With a clear, easy-to-follow layout, the Dictionary provides a comprehensive and highly accessible survey of key terms and concepts (such as Abusive Translation, Equivalence, Informationsangebot, Minimax Principle, Texteme and Thick Translation), types of activity (Autotranslation, Dubbing, Signed Language Interpreting), and schools and approaches (Leipzig School, Manipulation School, Nitra School). Each term is presented within the context in which it first occurred and is given a definition which is both clear and informative. Major entries include a discussion of relevant viewpoints as well as comments on how the usage and application of the term have developed subsequent to its coining. In addition, all entries provide suggestions for further reading, and there is an extensive bibliography included at the end. This is an indispensable tool for anyone studying or teaching translation at university level.

This dictionary provides fast and easy access to terms in areas such as: legal, judicial and court proceedings; law enforcement, police and military training; chemical essentials and chemical precursors; natural, synthetic and designer drugs; banking and money laundering. It also presents some related terminology for environmental, medical, psychological, social and economic matters. The dictionary includes a large number of jargon terms, and explanations of these have been provided in some cases, in order to ensure better understanding. This work is an indispensable tool for conference interpreters, court interpreters, translators and social workers.

Connecting words and phrases are essential for discussion, clarity and fluency in any language. French is particularly reliant on connecting language: also and in fact have around 15 equivalent words and expressions in French.
This is the first French-English dictionary to focus on this fascinating and crucial part of the language. The dictionary presents nearly 200 full entries in alphabetical order, including: de plus; et ce; or; c'est dire que; en fait; au total; voila.
Entries define, discuss and exemplify the whole range of connecting language in French. 2000 examples add further clarity and are chosen from a wide range of registers and mainly contemporary prose.

This multi-language dictionary covers the eight major Turkic languages: Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Uzbek, Uighur, Kazakh, Kirgiz and Tatar. It includes 2000 headwords in English which are translated into each of the eight Turkic languages. Words are organized both alphabetically and topically and original script and Latin transliteration are provided for each language. For ease of use, alphabetical indices are also given for the eight languages. This is a useful reference book for both students and learners and for those engaged in international commerce, research, diplomacy and academic and cultural exchange.

This comprehensive overview of plant names includes over 12,500 terms covering 298 families, 2,787 genera and 9,427 species which are listed in the alphabetical order of their botanical names. In addition, 2,109 of the more common synonyms are given and referred to their current, preferred names.
The presentation of the common names in the four languages of this dictionary is unusual in that as many as twelve names in one language are given. There are more than 17,250 English names including over 3,000 North American and 775 from Australia and New Zealand, whilst the nearly 400 Quebecois and a sprinkling of West African and Mauritian names are included among the 13,300 French. More than 13,000 German and 8,600 Italian names are presented.
This dictionary will be of value to translators of scientific and general literature; scientific and botanical authors; environmentalists and ecologists; and scientific and lay readers of foreign literature.

This 2-way Dictionary is ideal for both linguists and the serious learner and user of Norwegian. Translations are supported by examples and entries are supported by an invaluable section covering aspects of Norwegian pronunciation and grammar.

This compact and up-to-date two-way dictionary is a resource for both the linguist and the serious learner and user of the Catalan language. Each section's 18,000 entries provide: phonetic transcriptions, accurate translations, examples and expressions to aid comprehension, dialectical variants; and thorough coverage of American English. The dictionary also features pronunciation guides and grammatical summaries.

Like most technical disciplines, environmental science and engineering is becoming increasingly specialized. As industry professionals focus on specific environmental subjects they become less familiar with environmental problems and solutions outside their area of expertise. This situation is compounded by the fact that many environmental science related terms are confusing. Prefixes such as bio-, enviro-, hydra-, and hydro- are used so frequently that it is often hard to tell the words apart. The Environmental Engineering Dictionary and Directory gives you a complete list of brand terms, brand names, and trademarks - right at your fingertips.

Technical literature in the Portuguese language is very rare; this is the reason for the compilation of this technical dictionary. The material is rich in synonyms in each of the three languages, English, German and Portuguese.

The dictionary encompasses some of the most important technical fields related to industrial activity, such as:

Petrochemical industry. Geological history; Oil exploration, oil drilling, offshore drilling; Oil shale processing; Coal mining; Oil refining, cracking, distillation. Textile Industry. Machinery; Textile fabrics, fibres; Spinning, weaving, knitting, weaves, knits; Treatment and finishing, dyes. Leather Industry. Leather types; Leather treatment. Engineering Materials. Modified natural products; Synthetic plastics; Polymers, polycondensation products, polyaddition products; Glass; Paper, wood, glues, paints and varnishes; Metals. Cleaners Industry. Detergents; Waxes, emulsifiers. Industrial Processes. Fermentation; Catalysis and catalysts; Sulphuric-acid production. Machinebuilding Industry. Machines; Tools; Machine parts. Nucleonics, Nuclear Energy. Electrical Engineering. Electrical technology; Electronics; Semiconductor technology. Motor Car Industry. Motor car; Internal combustion engine; Lorries; Agricultural machines; Road construction machines.

Jazz is a music born in the United States and formed by a combination of influences. In its infancy, jazz was a melting pot of military brass bands, work songs and field hollers of the United States slaves during the 19th century, European harmonies and forms, and the rhythms of Africa and the Caribbean. Later, the blues and the influence of Spanish and French Creoles with European classical training nudged jazz further along in its development. As it moved through the swing era of the 1930s, bebop of the 1940s, and cool jazz of the 1950s, jazz continued to serve as a reflection of societal changes. During the turbulent 1960s, freedom and unrest were expressed through Free Jazz and the Avant Garde. Popular and world music have been incorporated and continue to expand the impact and reach of jazz. Today, jazz is truly an international art form. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Jazz contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1,500 cross-referenced entries on musicians, styles of jazz, instruments, recording labels, bands and bandleaders, and more. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Jazz.

It's never a good idea to be overly-relient on technology while traveling! Look up words quickly and easily with this great Vietnamese dictionary. Intended for use by tourists, students, and business people traveling to Vietnam, Tuttle Pocket Vietnamese Dictionary is an essential tool to learn Vietnamese and start communicating effectively. It features all the essential Vietnamese vocabulary appropriate for beginning to intermediate students. Its handy pocket format, and user-friendly, two-color layout will make any future trip to Vietnam much easier. All entries are written in a Romanized form as well as Vietnamese script (quoc ngu) so that, in the case of difficulties, the book can simply be shown to the person the user is trying to communicate with. This dictionary includes the following key features: Over 18,000 words and expressions in the Vietnamese language. Vietnamese-English and English-Vietnamese sections Fully updated with recent vocabulary and commonly used Vietnamese slang. Clear, user-friendly layout with headwords in blue. Romanized and Vietnamese Script (Quoc Ngu) forms for every entry. Other books from this bestselling series you might enjoy include: Pocket Cambodian Dictionary, Pocket Thai Dictionary, Pocket Indonesian Dictionary, and Pocket Malay Dictionary.

Even though Leo Fender never learned how to play a guitar, he was the first to make the electric solidbody guitar a commercial success. Despite his low-key style and conservative roots, his radical designs for guitars and amplifiers altered popular music forever. Much has been published about the Fender Electric Instrument Co., but Leo always wanted its story to be told "just the way it happened". Now, Forrest White, his friend and only general manager, offers a behind-the-scenes look at this company. In his down-to-earth style, White traces the company's entire history, from Leo's beginnings as a radio repairman up to the eventual sale of Fender to CBS and beyond. In between are stories about the development of the Telecaster, Precision Bass and Stratocaster, as well as insights into Leo Fender's unique personality. Fender: The Inside Story is packed with more than 100 historic photos and illustrations; instrument diagrams and specifications; and anecdotes about artists such as Merle Travis, Bob Wills, Speedy West, and Tex Ritter. Here is the book that sets the record straight and dispels the myths about the Fender Electric Instrument Co., a company that forever changed the look, sound, and personality of American music.

A perfect companion for speakers of Spanish studying English and preparing for tests

Includes essential school vocabulary

Compiled from the Bank of English, a 650-million-word English database

Spelling and translation alternatives build language proficiency

Most English legal texts before 1600, and many from the seventeenth century are written in law French, a dialect which differs considerably both from current French and from old Norman French. Only two guides to law French were published , one in 1701 and the other in 1779: both were full of errors and omissions. This current manual is a revised and considerably enlarged version of the first edition which was published in 1779, the first law French manual to appear since the eighteenth century. The manual is the only current guide to the law French used in English law books between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, an essential reference tool for law libraries, students and practitioners of English legal history. This manual is a revised and considerably enlarged version of the 1979 edition. It is the only current guide to the law French used in English law books between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, and is an essential reference tool for law libraries, students and practitioners of English legal history.

Malta, has been visited and influenced over the centuries by many different peoples and cultures. The site of the oldest free-standing, man-made structures known to exist, Malta has been occupied by Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Arabs, Normans, the Knights of St. John, Swabians, Angevins, French, and British. Most recently, Malta has elected a new government replacing one that had been in office for many years, major improvements in infrastructure, a significant growth in population, the liberalization of laws permitting divorce and same-sex marriage. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Malta contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Malta.