In an act of totally unnecessary and wanton destruction, British forces in China during the Second Opium War (1856-1860) looted and destroyed much of the Old Imperial Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan) including three imperial gardens and hundreds of halls, pavilions, and temples stock full of ancient artwork, antiquities, and literary works. More than a hundred years later, President Xi Jinping (2013- ) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) proclaimed the "rejuvenation" of the Chinese nation with the economic and especially military power to prevent any such recurrence of "national humiliation." Though not yet a superpower equal in global stature to the United States, the PRC is undoubtedly poised to become the equal if not the superior power in the Asia-Pacific region expanding its territorial claims in the South China Sea and asserting undisputed economic dominance. With government, business, and academic leaders debating how regional and global powers should respond to a rising China. Historical Dictionary of Chinese Foreign Affairs contains a chronology, an introduction, a glossary, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on major events, national institutions, foreign nations, and personages impacting Chinese foreign affairs along with the many institutions of the post-World War II international order that the PRC has engaged especially since the 1970s. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Chinese foreign affairs.

This combination Amharic phrasebook and two-way Amharic-English dictionary is an essential reference for visitors to Ethiopia. The Hippocrene Dictionary & Phrasebook series allows you be a traveler, not a tourist, by connecting with the local culture and people in their native language. Amharic is the official working language of Ethiopia, with approximately 30 million speakers. Amharic is the second most widely spoken Semitic language in the world after Arabic. Unlike Arabic, however, Amharic is written left-to-right and uses a distinct script called Ge'ez script. This unique, two-part resource provides travelers to Ethiopia with the tools they need for daily interaction. The bilingual dictionary has a concise vocabulary for everyday use, and the phrasebook allows instant communication on a variety of topics. Ideal for businesspeople, travelers, students, and aid workers, this guide includes: 4,000 dictionary entries with Amharic script, transliteration and English translation Phonetics that are intuitive for English speakers Essential phrases on topics such as introductions, transportation, dining out, business, and emergencies Concise grammar and pronunciation sections For 45 years, Hippocrene Books has specialized in bringing the world to our readers. The Hippocrene Dictionary & Phrasebook series allows you be a traveler, not a tourist, by connecting with the local culture and people in their native language. Currently available in 86 languages, including Arabic, Bengali, Cantonese, Thai, Punjabi, Swahili, and Oromo.

Volapuk is a constructed language, devised in 1879 by Johann Martin Schleyer, a Roman Catholic priest who was inspired in a dream to create an international language. Schleyer adapted the vocabulary of Volapuk mostly from English, supplemented by German, French. and Latin. The grammar of Volapuk is regular and relatively simple-surprisingly easier, in fact, than it looks at first. Volapuk was the first proposed International Auxiliary Language to enjoy widespread popularity: it is estimated that in 1889, there were some 283 clubs, 25 periodicals in or about Volapuk, and 316 textbooks in 25 languages, and that somewhere between two hundred thousand and a million people had taken up study of the language. Esperanto, being similar to many European Romance languages, first appeared in 1887, and ultimately proved more popular. Today, the number of people studying Volapuk is much lower than once it was, though Internet contacts have enabled Volapuk enthusiasts to connect and communicate, and that new community has inspired the re-publication of this dictionary. This German-Volapuk Volapuk-German dictionary is the most complete modern dictionary of Volapuk currently available. It has been out of print for many years, and it is hoped that its re-publication will assist a new generation of Volapuk learners in their enjoyment of this unique language.

This is the most up-to-date and complete Vietnamese to English dictionary available. It is designed primarily for the growing number of students of Vietnamese who need a good and reliable Vietnamese-English dictionary. Although it is targeted mainly at English speakers and other non-native users who need to learn Vietnamese, it can also be used by Vietnamese speakers who are learning or need to know English. Along with 19,000 enries--covering contemporary words and phrases used in educational, business and tourist settings--the attractive and user-friendly layout is organized effectively, making it easy to locate words and phrases quickly. It also includes many valuable pointers and information about the Vietnamese language. Completely revised and updated with over 19,000 entries. Clear, user-friendly text with idioms, expressions and sample sentences. The ideal dictionary for students and business people. The first edition, published as Essential English-Vietnamese Dictionary, was by Professor Nguyen Hinh Hoa and his daughter Patricia Nguyen Thi Huong. It became a classic in the teaching of Vietnamese. This edition, completely revised and updated, is the work of Professor Phan Van Giuong who was a distinguished professor in Vietnamese Studies at Victoria University, Melborne. Professor Phan, who has many years' experience teaching Vietnamese and English, is also the author of many Vietnamese teaching/learning materials and editor for several Vietnamese magazines and newspapers. He was awarded the Order of Australia Medal and the International Educator of the Year award for his outstanding contributions to teaching language and culture. Professor Phan is now retired but continues to teach on a part-time basis.

A new American Dictionary specifically designed for learners of English. Written for individuals working to improve their English language skills. Featuring over 42,000 words, phrases, and meanings - including help with grammar, collocations, synonyms, and word choice - our learner's dictionary uses the words you already know to define new vocabulary. In addition, the American Dictionary for learners of English includes interactive tools to help students plan, write and review their written work.
Researched with help from an Advisory Board of language experts who understand the needs of English learners or any students who are struggling with writing.
FEATURES
- It's not enough to know the right vocabulary - students also have to know which words go together if they want to sound natural. The Oxford 3000 keywords, together with the new the Academic Word List, content area words, Topic Collocation boxes, and the synonym information gives students exactly the right tools to develop the vocabulary that is most relevant to their needs.

- Our research showed that illustrations help students quickly understand difficult words - even at an advanced level. We included over 600 color illustrations to complement words students find most challenging.

- The dictionary includes a full-featured CD-ROM with access to the complete A-Z dictionary, all illustrations, a topic dictionary, quick word lookup with the Oxford Genie, and spoken headwords along with record and playback functions to practice pronunciation

- The interactive Oxford iWriter (available on CD-ROM) guides students through the stages of planning, writing and reviewing a range of different written tasks. There are 11 writing models, showing structure, notes and sample content. There's advice on choosing the right language, how to use language in order to sound more formal, more objective, or to avoid repetition. When students start their own writing, they choose their task type from the list of 15 options for academic and professional use.

- Help students get the most out of the Oxford American Dictionary for learners of English with the Oxford American Dictionary Vocabulary Builder

From capsule descriptions/assessments of individual feature films to extended essays on areas such as Irish animation, short film, experimental film and documentary production along with discussion of a wide range of key creative and administrative personnel, the Dictionary combines a breath of existing scholarship with extensive new information and research carried out especially for this volume. It is the definitive guide to Irish cinema in the 21st century. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Irish Cinema contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on key Irish actors, directors, producers and other personnel from over a century of Irish film history. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Irish Cinema.

In 1991, Eritrea won a 30-year war for independence from Ethiopia, and in 1993, it was recognized as Africa's newest nation after more than a century of conquest and occupation by a succession of external powers that included the Ottomans, Egypt, Italy, Great Britain and Ethiopia. Each had left its mark, while fostering a deep distrust of outsiders and a fierce commitment to Eritrea's separate political identity. Eritrea and Ethiopia slipped into a chronic state of no-peace-no-war that kept the entire Horn of Africa off-balance for nearly two decades, the standoff ended in 2018 when a newly installed Ethiopian prime minister reached out to Eritrea and set in motion a rapid-fire series of talks among the states of the African Horn that broke down long-standing barriers and raised hopes for a new era of regional peace and cooperation. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Eritrea contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 600 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Eritrea.

This combination Tigrinya phrasebook and two-way Tigrinya-English dictionary is an essential reference while traveling in Eritrea and Ethiopia. The Hippocrene Dictionary & Phrasebook series allows you be a traveler, not a tourist, by connecting with the local culture and people in their native language. Tigrinya (also written as Tigrigna) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken by about 7 million people, primarily in Eritrea and Ethiopia. Tigrinya is written in the same Ge'ez script used for the Ethiopic language Amharic, but Tigrinya grammar and usage differs significantly from Amharic. This unique, two-part resource provides travelers to Eritrea and Ethiopia with the tools they need for daily interaction. The bilingual dictionary has a concise vocabulary for everyday use, and the phrasebook allows instant communication on a variety of topics. Ideal for businesspeople, travelers, students, and aid workers, this guide includes: 4,000 dictionary entries Phonetics that are intuitive for English speakers Essential phrases on topics such as transportation, dining out, and business Concise grammar and pronunciation sections

Romanian is a Romance language spoken by the approximately 25 million inhabitants of Romania. This title offers a Romanian dictionary that is suitable for travellers, businesspeople, translators, and students. It is also suitable for English speakers and Romanian speakers.

Croatian, the official language of the Republic of Croatia, uses the Latin alphabet. This dictionary and phrasebook includes a dictionary of over 1,000 words, plus helpful phrasebook chapters covering such subjects as travel and transportation, getting around, food and drink, healthcare, and much more.

This completely revised and updated edition is an essential companion for all visitors to Georgia. Now with Georgian script included, the book allows users to read signs or point to a phrase they're trying to say.

The bilingual dictionary contains essential daily vocabulary. The phrasebook deals with common situations, including greetings, at the hotel, eating out, and getting around, as well as special situations like relief aid and politics. Other features include a guide to basic grammar and a pronunciation key.

-The only Georgian phrasebook on the market, this will be the language reference for all travelers to Georgia.

Twi, also known as Akan, is spoken by more than 10 million residents of the African nation of Ghana. This handy bilingual dictionary contains over 8,000 entries, all accompanied with easy-to-use phonetic spellings. The pronunciation of the language, notable for its unique tones, is further explained in a concise introduction to the language. This is an excellent reference guide for both students and travelers to the region.

Throughout history, events great and small have left their mark on the way we speak. Columbus' discovery of America introduced to Europe new foodstuffs such as chilli and chocolate and the words that described them. The Normans gave us the feudal system and curfews, while the flourishing of Dutch art in the seventeenth century introduced easels, etchings and landscapes. Before the 1970s green was a colour with connotations of naivete rather than ecology and until 1990 webs were mostly attached to spiders. Starting from 1066 and working through to the modern day boom in techno-speak, Dictionary of English Down the Ages links hundreds of words with the historical upheavals and minor social changes which gave them life.

The home of trusted full-colour visual dictionaries for everyday use. A photographic guide to the key words and phrases in French. This attractive pocket-sized book is a perfect travel companion and provides a practical guide to France and French language and culture. Everyday words are arranged in themes with carefully selected up-to-date images to illustrate key words and phrases, and an English and French index help you to find words quickly as you learn. 3,000 essential words and phrases for modern life in France are at your fingertips with topics covering food and drink, home life, work and school, shopping, sport and leisure, transport, technology, and the environment. Great care has been given to represent modern French culture and enhance your experience of France and its people, including customs, celebrations, and festivals. Plus, download your free audio to hear native speakers pronounce the word for each image and get your pronunciation pitch perfect, available from collinsdictionary.com/resources#visual

Featuring a dictionary and thesaurus combined, the Pocket Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus provides the essential language reference help you need in a single portable volume. The second edition of this reference book has been completely redesigned so that it is easier to use. The thesaurus entry for a word now immediately follows the dictionary entry, so that you do not need to hunt around the page for this information. We have also made the text more open and accessible, so that you can find the word you are looking for quickly and easily. New words and new meanings have been added to the text, so you can be sure that you are using a reference book that is up-to-date and reflects the developments of the English langauge. With over 90,000 words, phrases, and definitions, and 115,000 synonyms and antonyms, the Pocket Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus provides all the everday language help you need. This edition also contains new Word Link features, helping you find words that are closely associated with each other. For example, the Word Link at environment tells you that the study of the natural world is called ecology, and the Word Link at cave informs you that the exploration of caves is known as speleology or potholing. The new centre section of the dictionary and thesaurus contains encyclopedic information such as lists of countries, capitals, and kings and queens, helping you to broaden your knowledge, and to find solutions for quizzes and puzzles. The Pocket Oxford Dictionary and Thesaurus is an invaluable tool for anyone who wants a portable quick reference tool useful both for general ready reference and for quizzes and crossword puzzles.

The home of trusted Korean dictionaries for everyday language learning. A handy Korean to English and English to Korean dictionary. Offering learners at home, school and in the office extensive and up-to-date coverage of Korean and English in a compact, portable format. Designed for all levels of language learner, this is the ideal text for anyone who needs a wealth of reliable information in a portable format. contains all the everyday words and phrases used in today's Korean and English that you will need to know an easy-to-use and reliable dictionary the clear layout ensures that you can quickly find the information you need all Korean words, phrases and translations are transcribed using the revised Korean romanization system - ideal for beginners

This book cover the history of journalism as an institutionalized form of discourse from the acta diurna in ancient Rome to the news aggregators of the 21st century. It traces how journalism gradually distinguished itself from chronicles, history, and the novel in conjunction with the evolution of news media from news pamphlets, newsletters, and newspapers through radio, film, and television to multimedia digital news platforms like Google News. Historical Dictionary of Journalism, Second Edition covers 46 countries, it contains a chronology, an introduction, an extensive bibliography, the dictionary section has more than 300 cross-referenced entries on a wide array of topics such as African-American journalism, the historiography of the field, the New Journalism, and women in journalism. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about journalism.

What's the difference between a meggie-monyfeet and a hornie-gollach? Between snap-an-rattle and murly-tuck? All is explained in the Doric Dictionary. It is a two-way lexicon of words and phrases drawn from the former Banffshire in the North through Aberdeenshire to the Mearns and North Angus and drawn from the published works of most the North-east's best-known writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. As the writer says in his foreword, 'There is not one monolithic form of Doric but a multliplicity of forms; and words can change not only from county to county but from village to village'. The Dictionary contains no fewer than eight variants of the term for a seagull. This new version( 2018) is enhanced by a most stimulating injection of Buchan vocabulary drawn from W. P. Milne's historical novel, Eppie Elrick.

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This practical and concise language guide for English-speaking travelers to Mongolia allows one to navigate with ease and confidence through what might otherwise prove to be a daunting linguistic and cultural experience. Mongolian vocabulary and phrases are given in both the Roman alphabet and the Mongolian Cyrillic script, enabling the user to pronounce words easily while becoming familiar with the script.