This concise dictionary contains over 9,000 entries, phonetics for both languages, concise, easy-to-use format, parts of speech indicated, and the only Easter-Armenian dictionary on the market.

Famed for its great natural beauty and rich cultural heritage, Nepal is the ultimate destination for trekkers and travelers. This two-way dictionary and phrasebook is designed for those who wish to communicate in Nepali and learn its basic vocabulary and grammatical structure. Although the Nepali is given in the Roman alphabet, the Devanagari alphabet is included at the beginning of the book for quick reference. A grammar section, pronunciation guide, and practical cultural information provide further insight into the language and culture.

Over 52 million people speak Tamil in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Singapore, with an estimated 800,000 speakers elsewhere in the world. The official language of the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Tamil has a rich literary tradition dating back to the third century BC. This essential resource provides an introduction to the cultures and histories of Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia, in addition to an extensive two-way dictionary, comprehensive phrasebook, and basic grammar. All Tamil entries are presented in the roman alphabet to aid the English speaker, but the book also introduces the native script with a detailed pronunciation guide. The phrasebook offers guidance to travellers in a range of settings from the hospital to the Internet cafe. Each phrasebook chapter contains a section called 'What You May Hear' that prepares the travellers for common responses in each situation.

How did a single genre of text have the power to standardise the English language across time and region, rival the Bible in notions of authority, and challenge our understanding of objectivity, prescription, and description? Since the first monolingual dictionary appeared in 1604, the genre has sparked evolution, innovation, devotion, plagiarism, and controversy. This comprehensive volume presents an overview of essential issues pertaining to dictionary style and content and a fresh narrative of the development of English dictionaries throughout the centuries. Essays on the regional and global nature of English lexicography (dictionary making) explore its power in standardising varieties of English and defining nations seeking independence from the British Empire: from Canada to the Caribbean. Leading scholars and lexicographers historically contextualise an array of dictionaries and pose urgent theoretical and methodological questions relating to their role as tools of standardisation, prestige, power, education, literacy, and national identity.

Urdu is the national language of Pakistan, one of the official languages of India, and it is spoken in the neighbouring regions of Afghanistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Urdu uses a modified version of the Arabic script, but it is presented here in the roman alphabet. The two-way dictionary and the practical, travel-oriented phrasebook pertain to everything from technology to Islamic culture. You will find an introduction to the language, useful tips for travel in Pakistan, and regional cultural information to help make your stay in the Urdu-speaking world a pleasant one.

The Collins Cobuild Pocket English-English-Urdu Dictionary is a brand new, illustrated dictionary aimed at learners of English. This dictionary covers all the essential words and phrases that students need to learn. The definitions are written in full sentences, using simple language, and the dictionary contains thousands of examples of real English, showing the learner how English is really used. Additional help is provided by the thousands of Urdu translations. Every sense, phrase and phrasal verb has an Urdu translation, which acts as a stepping stone from the student's first language to the wealth of information contained in the dictionary. With hundreds of line drawings illustrating key terms, the Cobuild Pocket English-English-Urdu Dictionary is ideal for learners of English.

This dictionary, first published in 1994, is a vast collection of English words and multiword lexical units borrowed from the German language. It contains over 6,000 entries. This dictionary also includes the first recorded date of the German loan in English, the semantic area, variant forms, etymology, a definition of the English word, a listing of derivative forms and often grammatical comment for each word. It also provides original, nontechnical essays on the chronological sequencing of German loans in English and their relationship to historical events and people, and on the linguistic phenomena, processes and concepts involved in borrowing. The entries in this dictionary will intrigue cultural historians. Students of the history of the English language and of language contact and change will find the book invaluable. Essential for German-language scholars and historians with a special interest in German influence on Anglo-American culture.

Hausa is an African language originating in Niger and northern Nigeria and spoken widely in West and Central Africa as a lingua franca. Charles Henry Robinson (1861 1925) was the first student of the short-lived Hausa Association, formed in 1891 to promote the study of the Hausa Language and people. The Association sponsored Robinson to stay in northern Nigeria from 1894 to 1895 to gain more experience in the language. On his return Robinson published an anthology of Hausa texts in 1896 and a Hausa grammar in 1897 as well as this two-volume dictionary in 1899. His efforts contributed greatly to Western knowledge of the language despite criticisms of his relatively short experience of Hausa-speaking communities. Volume 1 is a Hausa English dictionary. The version reissued here is the 1925 fourth edition, for which the Hausa English dictionary was re-written and expanded.

The Cambridge University Press published (1945-1967) in six volumes Professor Bailey's transcriptions of Saka manuscripts found in Sin Kiang and Kansu (of the ancient kingdom of Khotan). They are central to any study of Old Iranian and the Iranian dialects; and they are also important for further understanding of the religious tradition in the sacred Avesta of the Zoroastrians, and for the history of the peoples of Central Asia generally. This 1979 dictionary represents the fulfilment of a plan formed in 1934 which required first the editing and transcription of the manuscripts, and then the slow elucidation of the whole corpus of texts. It contains a linguistic analysis and translation of all the Iranian words used in the texts. It is the necessary key to the understanding of the texts, to the mastery of the language itself, and to the linking of Khotan Saka into the Indo-European linguistic tradition.

A fun and helpful resource for anyone interested in learning some Mandarin--whether you're 5 or 100! This picture dictionary covers the 1,500 most useful Mandarin Chinese words and phrases. Each word and sentence is given in Mandarin characters--with a Romanized version to help you pronounce it correctly--along with the English meaning. The words are grouped into 40 different themes or topics, including basics like meeting someone new and using public transportation to culture-specific topics like celebrating Chinese holidays and eating Chinese food. This colorful picture dictionary includes: Hundreds of color photographs 1,500 Mandarin words and phrases 40 different topics--from social media and WiFi to paying and counting Example sentences showing how the words are used Companion online audio recordings by native Mandarin speakers of all the vocabulary and sentences An introduction to Mandarin pronunciation and grammar An index to allow you to quickly look up words Mandarin Chinese Picture Dictionary makes language learning more fun than traditional phrasebooks. This resource is perfect for beginners of all ages--curious kids, visual learners and future travelers to China.

The essential Kikongo language resource! Kikongo (also known as Kongo) is a Bantu language spoken by over 5 million people worldwide, mostly by the Kongo and Ndundu people living in the tropical forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, and Angola. Kikongo was spoken by many from this region who were sold into slavery in the Americas. Thus creolized forms of the language can be found in the ritual speech of Afro-American religions, especially in Brazil, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic and Haiti. It is also one of the sources of the Palenquerocreole in Colombia, and the Gullah language spoken in coastal regions of South Carolina and Georgia in the United States. This unique, two-part resource provides travelers to Central Africa with the tools they need for daily interaction. The bilingual dictionary has a concise vocabulary for everyday use, and the phrasebook allows instant communication on a variety of topics. Ideal for businesspeople, travelers, students, and aid workers, this guide includes: 4,000 dictionary entries Phonetics that are intuitive for English speakers Essential phrases on topics such as transportation, dining out, and business Concise grammar and pronunciation sections

With over 11 million speakers world-wide, Catalan thrives and is promoted in the business markets and schools of Catalan-speaking cultures. This title contains 4,000 dictionary entries and a phrasebook covering topics like dining out, sightseeing, and accommodations.

You will never be lost for words in your travels around Turkey again! Your ideal pocket-sized travel companion and the accompanying free ebook will ensure that you can say what you need in Turkish with ease and confidence. Reliable, portable and easy-to-use, this phrasebook is an indispensable travel companion as you deal with the situations that crop up every day on holiday; from finding a chic hotel, or hiring a car to explore the countryside, to choosing a local delicacy from the menu, and, of course, setting up your wifi. With helpful travel information and cultural tips, plus a 3000-word dictionary, make sure you don't go anywhere without this little book - an essential guide to speaking and understanding Turkish when travelling in Turkey. Access your free ebook at collins.co.uk/ebooks

The term 'SerboCroatian' denotes a South Slavic language with several varieties. These varieties are spoken in areas that compromised the former Yugoslavia. People living in Serbia and Montenegro now usually call their language 'Serbian'. People living in Croatia now usually call their language 'Croatian'. People living in Bosnia and Hercegovina now usually call their language 'Bosnian'. The varieties of SerboCroatian, as used by educated speakers, are mutually intelligible in the same manner as the varieties of English are mutually intelligible. The dictionary is a guide for speakers of SerboCroatian who are learning English at any level, and for speakers of English who are studying SerboCraoatian at an advanced level. Professional translators have called earlier editions of this work and its companion volume 'the ultimate authority'.

The Dictionary has been compiled to meet the need for a reference work on the stress and morphology of Russian personal names. It is intended primarily for students and teachers of Russian. It can also be useful to others--radio and television announcers, government officials, scientists, research workers, librarians--who find it necessary to pronounce Russian personal names. Long out of print, the Dictionary is the only work that gives adequate rules for determining the stress of most Russian surnames. The Dictionary not only indicates stress for a large group (23,000) of surnames; it also describes the general rules that enable users to determine the stress of surnames not listed. It fully describes the declension of surnames, with their stress shifts and lists the most frequently given names and their basic diminutives. New to the Cambridge edition is a practical, user-friendly guide to declension and stress that students will particularly appreciate. The bibliography has been updated, and there is additional coverage of transliteration systems.

Conflicts require a process to guide the belligerents from the battle field to mutual cooperation. But how does one provide the conflict stabilization for this peace process to operate? Peacekeeping emerged as one of these tools and has evolved to become an important element to support the peace process between belligerents in major inter-state and intra-state conflict. This book takes a broad definition of multinational peacekeeping in order to provide a basis for comparison and permit researchers to review operations labeled as "peacekeeping" by international organizations. The goal of this work is to assist researchers, scholars and others who are interested in peacekeeping and humanitarian operations to sort through the myriad of peacekeeping or peace operations since 1920 and consider some of the trends and issues behind these missions This fourth edition of Historical Dictionary of Multinational Peacekeeping contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 700 cross-referenced entries peacekeeping operations, people, organizations, countries, and events associated with peacekeeping. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about peacekeeping.

There are about 88 million native Punjabi speakers world-wide, making it the 10th most spoken language in the world. Punjabi is also the official language for Sikh religious ceremonies. This dictionary and phrasebook features the Punjabi language as spoken in India, using the Gurmukhi script.

The death of Botswana's last founding father, Sir Ketumile Quett Masire, in June 2017, marked the end of an era. Since the release of the Fourth Edition of Historical Dictionary of Botswana in 2008, Botswana has gone through its most turbulent and divided decade to date. Throughout September 2016, when Botswana celebrated its 50th anniversary of independence, all the successes of the Seretse and Masire era were sources of massive national pride. Botswana had expanded provisions of electricity, water, education, and health services to almost all of its people and become a model nation that owned its natural resources and plowed the profits back into the nation's development. Despite these successes, Botswana has a high unemployment rate (about 20 percent) and a much larger cohort of the underemployed. This fifth edition of Historical Dictionary of Botswana contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, an extensive bibliography, and more than 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities and aspects of the country's politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Botswana.

Japan is a mix of the old and the new, traditional and modern, and old fashion and innovative. It has traveled the road to a modern destination without totally losing sight of its traditions and values. Although some in Japan lament the passing of old ways, Japan has held on to a reasonable amount of its traditions and values. This is easier to find in its arts and crafts and its literature and films as well as in its social habits. This book will introduce the broad sweep of people, events, and trends, including the successes and failures, of postwar Japan. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Postwar Japan contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Japan.

Four-character idioms, also known as chengyu, are key components of the Chinese language and culture, many conveying important lessons and social values that stretch back over 3,000 years of Chinese history. New features in this edition include: entries that employ both traditional and simplified Chinese characters, so that students may be comfortable with and recognize each, pinyin transliterations with tone marks, and a new introduction by the authors.

The essential reference work for writers, editors and proofreaders. Well-known or well known? Affect or effect? Majorca or Mallorca? Royal Family or royal family? Spell check cannot be relied upon to help you with the trickier aspects of the English language. Even the most sophisticated writers of English will be faced with questions and problems in the quest for clear, elegant and correct writing. The new paperback edition of the Collins Dictionary for Writers and Editors answers these questions, and thousands of other usage conundrums, with a comprehensive collection of entries designed to sweep the minefield of the English language. Whether you're a writer, proofreader or editor, for books, periodicals or websites, the Collins Dictionary for Writers and Editors will be your essential reference. It contains accessible information covering everything from style and Americanization (or Americanisation), to proofreading marks and transliterations. It also includes: abbreviations and acronyms misspellings compound words plurals capitalisation apostrophes titles

This study is of a modest segment of Germany's experience in the Weimar and Nazi periods. Its purpose is to throw light on one small part of that experience in order to add it to the larger puzzle. It is a study of Neudeutschland, a German Catholic youth organization for students. The membership of the Bund, as it was known, is primarily from the German secondary schools, those which are equivalent to the last two grades of grade school, plus high school and two years of college in the United States. Two ancillary sections of the organization are the Jungvolk, the segment for the youngsters of pre-secondary school age, and the Alterenbund, for those who have graduated and are pur- suing careers in business, the university, and such. The organization was founded in 1919. Its course was relatively stormy until 1924, after which a short respite occurred in which an attempt was made at a unique synthesis. That synthesis can be sum- marized in the phrase, "Catholic youth movement. " Neudeutschland sought to catholicize the "healthy" aspects of the German youth move- ment which had grown after 1900 and which had swept through the secondary schools of Protestant northern Germany prior to the First World War. Mter the war, the impetus towards youth movemen- greatly enhanced by the shattering of the old, restricting authorit- spread among the Catholic students in the secondary schools.