A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue defines and illustrates every meaning of every word used in written English in Scotland up to 1700, when the Scots language merged with standard English. It touches every facet of medieval and renaissance Scottish life and society and supplies a wealth of illustration in the form of quotations accompanying every word and meaning it discusses. It is an indispensable reference tool for historians of Scots language, literature, politics, law, medicine, agriculture, and all other aspects of Scottish society. This 'Scots OED' is published in paper-bound parts (fascicles) and also as volumes, each containing several parts. The Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue is unique and has no competition.

This edition of the Pocket Oxford Latin Dictionary offers essential coverage of Latin words and grammar, as well as extra information on Roman history and culture. It takes account of the latest research into Latin, and is designed specifically to fit the needs of today's student. It covers over 45,000 words and phrases, including additions from the writings of Plautus and Terence, and from the study of Silver Latin. Common irregular verb parts are given as headwords for greater clarity, and boxed notes provide help with language usage, and with difficult words and constructions. There are appendices on historical, mythological, and geographical names; money, dates, times, weights and measures; plus poetic metre and medieval Latin. With a timeline of important dates, and biographies on Roman writers, this edition is packed with interesting and essential information on Roman history and culture. Also with pronunciation help and a guide to Latin grammar, this compact and affordable dictionary is a necessity for all students and adult learners of Latin.

Organized by subject and with an accompanying audio app, this is the essential reference for all French-language learners Learn more than 10,000 of the most useful words and phrases in French with this beautifully illustrated dictionary for French-language students. Building on the success of the English for Everyone course books and the Bilingual Visual Dictionary series, the French English Illustrated Dictionary uses crystal-clear illustrations to show the meaning of over 10,000 words of French vocabulary. The words are shown in a visual context in themed sections covering practical or everyday topics (such as shopping, food, or study), providing learners with all the vocabulary they need for work, travel, and leisure. Learning French vocabulary is even easier with this visually stunning dictionary.

This is a complete and easy-to-use guide for reading and writing traditional Chinese characters. Reading and Writing Chinese has been the leading text for foreign students and teachers of the Chinese writing system since it was first published. This completely revised edition draws on the lessons learnt from the use of the book in classrooms so as to provide a more convenient and up-to-date introduction to written Chinese. Over 1,100 new combinations of characters have been added, increasing the total vocabulary significantly to about 4,500 items. There are also new notes on usage to give students insight into the contemporary state of the Chinese language. The student's ability to read Chinese and write Chinese are reinforced throughout. For each of the basic 1,062 characters, the pronunciation, definition and derivation are given, with examples of the use of most words and a chart showing how to write each character. Memorization tips and cautionary cross-reference to look-alike characters are also provided, as well as notes to help clarify those overlooked aspects of the Chinese writing system. Key features of this book: The Student's 1,020 List and the Official 2,000 List. Over 2,000 characters and 4,500 vocabulary items. Pronunciations given in standard Hanyu Pinyin Ronamized form Memorization hints and stroke-order diagrams. Hong Kong/Taiwan and China/Singapore forms. Traditional and modern radical systems. The best-selling student's guide

The Oxford Dictionary of Current English is the most comprehensive paperback dictionary of its kind, providing full and up-to-date coverage of English as it is used today around the world. The Dictionary offers over 120,000 words, phrases, and definitions, and uses a straightforward writing style that avoids technical language, ensuring that definitions are even clearer than before. This edition includes over two hundred new definitions, words from technology, current events, or popular culture that have only recently become part of our mainstream language, such as "A-list," "domain name," and "WMD." It uses thousands of examples to illustrate idiomatic usage, showing how words and phrases are used in everyday speech. In addition, all irregular noun, verb, and adjectival inflections are spelled out in full, while in-text notes provide guidance on grammar and good usage. All of these features are presented in new layout designed to be as clear as possible, making information easily accessible and the definition you are looking for a snap to find. Compact and portable, with high quality binding and covers, the Oxford Dictionary of Current English is perfect for everyday reference, at home, at school, or in the office. No one should be without this incredibly useful volume, while students and authors will find it an indispensable tool. Features: . The most comprehensive paperback dictionary of its kind . Over 120,000 words, phrases, and definitions . Simple writing style makes definitions even clearer than before . Full and up-to-date coverage of English as it is used today around the world . Over 200 spelling notes give advice on commonly misspelled words, such as 'accommodate' and 'receive' . Additional usage notes offering advice on good English and commonly confused words . Additional help with the pronunciation of difficult words . Thousands of real examples of usage show how the language works in context "

It's never a good idea to be overly-relient on technology while traveling! Look up words quickly and easily with this great little Tagalog dictionary. Intended for use by tourists, students, and business people traveling to The Philippines Pocket Tagalog Dictionary is an essential tool for communication and a great way to learn Tagalog. It features all the critical Tagalog vocabulary appropriate for beginning to intermediate students. It's handy pocket format, and easy-to-read type will make any future trip to The Philippines much easier. In addition to being an excellent English to Tagalog dictionary and Tagalog to English dictionary, Pocket Tagalog Dictionary contains essential notes on the Tagalog language, Tagalog grammar and Tagalog pronunciation. All Filipino words are written in English and Tagalog so that in the case of difficulties the book can directly be shown to a native Tagalog speaker. This dictionary contains: The 3,000 most commonly used words in the Tagalog language. Tagalog-English and English-Tagalog sections. An introduction to and history of the Tagalog language. Information on Tagalog grammar. A guide to pronouncing Tagalog correctly. Other books from this bestselling series you might enjoy are Pocket Vietnamese Dictionary, Pocket Cambodian Dictionary, Pocket Thai Dictionary, Pocket Indonesian Dictionary, and Pocket Malay Dictionary.

Whether you are newly arrived in Egypt and need to know the words for 'bread' and 'apartment, ' or a long-term resident who suddenly needs to know how to ask for a picture frame or complain of a sore throat, this dictionary is for you. Fully revised and expanded, the third edition of this unique and invaluable dictionary presents 6,500 words commonly needed by foreigners speaking Arabic in Egypt. Arabic words are written in a clear and consistent transcription system, plurals are given for all nouns, plurals and feminine forms are provided for all adjectives, and past tenses are given for all verbs. The dictionary also provides stress rules and basic charts of verb endings, negation of verbs, form and use of numbers, pronominal suffixes, and comparatives and superlatives.

'A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive.' Hobson-Jobson is a unique work of maverick scholarship. Compiled in 1886 by two India enthusiasts, it documents the words and phrases that entered English from Arabic, Persian, Indian, and Chinese sources - and vice versa. Described by Salman Rushdie as 'the legendary dictionary of British India' it shows how words of Indian origin were absorbed into the English language and records not only the vocabulary but the culture of the Raj. Illustrative quotations from a wide range of travel texts, histories, memoirs, and novels create a canon of English writing about India. The definitions frequently slip into anecdote, reminiscence, and digression, and they offer intriguing insights into Victorian attitudes to India and its people and customs. With its delight in language, etymology, and puns, Hobson-Jobson has fascinated generations of writers from Rudyard Kipling to Tom Stoppard and Amitav Ghosh. This selected edition retains the range and idiosyncrasy of the original, and includes fascinating information on the glossary's creation and its significance for the English language. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

The most original and authoritative voice of today's English lexicography presents a fully revised new edition of his beloved usage dictionary When Bryan Garner published the first edition of A Dictionary of Modern American Usage in 1999, the book quickly became one of the most influential style guides ever written for the English language. After four previous editions and over twenty years, our language has evolved in many ways, and the powerful tool of big data has revolutionized lexicography. This extensively revised new edition fully captures these changes, featuring a thousand new entries and over two hundred replacement entries, thoroughly updated usage data and ratios on word frequency based on the Google Ngram Viewer, a more balanced coverage of World Englishes, not just American and British, and the inclusion of gender-neutral language. However, one thing has not changed: in no sense is this a "regular" dictionary but a masterpiece of lexicography written with wit and personality by one of the preeminent authorities on the English language. To put it in David Foster Wallace's words, Garner's discussion of rhetoric and style still "borders on genius." From the (lost) battle between self-deprecating and self-depreciating to the misuse of it's for its, from the variant spelling patty-cake taking over pat-a-cake in American English to the singular uses of they, Garner explains the nuances of grammar and vocabulary and the linguistic blunders to which modern writers and speakers are prone, whether in word choice, syntax, phrasing, punctuation, or pronunciation. His empirical approach liberates English from two extremes: from the "purists" who maintain that split infinitives and sentence-ending prepositions are malfeasances and from the linguistic relativists who believe that whatever people say or write must necessarily be accepted. The purpose of Garner's dictionary is to help writers, editors, and speakers use the language effectively. And it does so in a playful and persuasive way that will help you sound "grammatical but relaxed, refined but natural, correct but unpedantic."

Russia and the other republics of the former USSR are now more accessible than at any other time in history. In the future, the forest resource of Russia, easily the greatest of any country in the world, will become even more globally important both environmentally and commercially. This new dictionary incorporates an updated and enlarged version of the first Russian-English edition, published in 1966, plus an entirely new English-Russian section of similar size. It contains many new terms, species names, acronyms and abbreviations to account for the great changes which have taken place in Russian forestry in terms of mechanization, woodworking technology, forest management and economics, environmental pollution and conservation. A list of the botanical names of trees and shrubs, with their Russian and English equivalents has also been included. The book has been compiled by Dr William Linnard, former Assistant Director of the Commonwealth Forestry Bureau, with over forty years' experience of abstracting and translating forestry literature and David Darrah-Morgan, M. A. (Translation), a full-time translator, specializing in forestry and related fields.

It's never a good idea to be overly-relient on technology while traveling! Look up words quickly and easily with this great travel-sized Japanese dictionary. Intended for use by tourists, students, and businesspeople traveling to Japan, Periplus Pocket Japanese Dictionary is an essential tool for communicating in Japanese and a great way to learn Japanese. It features all the essential Japanese vocabulary appropriate for beginning to intermediate students. It's handy pocket format and easy-to-read type will make any future trip to Japan much easier. In addition to being an excellent English to Japanese and Japanese to English dictionary, Pocket Japanese Dictionary contains important notes on the Japanese language, Japanese grammar and Japanese pronunciation. All Japanese words are written in the Romanized form as well as Japanese script (hiragana and katakana) and characters (kanji) so that in the case of difficulties, the book can simply be shown to the person the user is trying to communicate with. Designed for English speakers this Japanese dictionary contains: The 13,000 most commonly used words in the Japanese language The latest computer, mobile, internet and social media terms Romanized Japanese and Japanese script (kanji and kana) English-Japanese and Japanese-English sections An introduction to and history of the Japanese language Information on Japanese grammar A guide to pronouncing Japanese correctly

The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English presents all the slang terms from The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English in a single volume. Containing over 60,000 entries, this concise new edition of the authoritative work details the slang and unconventional English of from around the English-speaking world since 1945, and through the first decade of the new millennium, with the same thorough, intense, and lively scholarship that characterized Partridge's own work. Unique, exciting and, at times, hilariously shocking, key features include: unprecedented coverage of World English, with equal prominence given to American and British English slang, and entries included from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India, South Africa, Ireland, and the Caribbean emphasis on post-World War II slang and unconventional English dating information for each headword in the tradition of Partridge, commentary on the term's origins and meaning. New to this second edition: a new preface noting slang trends of the last eight years over 1,000 new entries from the US, UK and Australia, reflecting important developments in language and culture new terms from the language of social networking from a range of digital communities including texting, blogs, Facebook, Twitter and online forums many entries now revised to include new dating and new glosses, ensuring maximum accuracy of content. The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English is a spectacular resource infused with humour and learning - it's rude, it's delightful, and it's a prize for anyone with a love of language.

This unique dictionary covers all the major German idioms and is probably the richest source of contemporary German idioms available, with 33,000 headwords. Within each entry the user is provided with: English equivalents; variants; contexts and precise guidance on the degree of currency/rarity of an idiomatic expression. This dictionary is an essential reference for achieving fluency in the language. It will be invaluable for all serious learners and users of German. Not for sale in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

Joseph Wright's English Dialect Dictionary (1898-1905) is the most comprehensive English dialect dictionary ever written, documenting in detail every dialect of English in the British Isles and Ireland, as well as the USA, Canada, South Africa, and other colonial regions. Over the past ten years, it has been brought to life digitally as a freely available database resource, EDD Online, which provides access to this rich collection of dialect data. This book is a comprehensive user guide to EDD Online, showing how to get the most out of this unparalleled resource with step-by-step instructions, illustrated with handy screenshots, and an appendix containing full colour figures. It also considers dialectological issues from phonetics to pragmatics, and how searches can be tailored to specific linguistic concerns, demonstrating the interface's enormous potential to contribute to research in a range of disciplines, from dialectology, to fields such as historical linguistics, corpus linguistics, lexicography and sociolinguistics.

How did a single genre of text have the power to standardise the English language across time and region, rival the Bible in notions of authority, and challenge our understanding of objectivity, prescription, and description? Since the first monolingual dictionary appeared in 1604, the genre has sparked evolution, innovation, devotion, plagiarism, and controversy. This comprehensive volume presents an overview of essential issues pertaining to dictionary style and content and a fresh narrative of the development of English dictionaries throughout the centuries. Essays on the regional and global nature of English lexicography (dictionary making) explore its power in standardising varieties of English and defining nations seeking independence from the British Empire: from Canada to the Caribbean. Leading scholars and lexicographers historically contextualise an array of dictionaries and pose urgent theoretical and methodological questions relating to their role as tools of standardisation, prestige, power, education, literacy, and national identity.

This is the most up-to-date Mandarin Chinese Dictionary available today. Tuttle Concise Chinese Dictionary has both Chinese to English and English to Chinese sections. Its compact size allows for easy transport without limiting the content. This Mandarin dictionary is perfect for Chinese language students, or business people and tourists traveling to China who wish to learn Chinese. It contains over 25,000 words and expressions (including all the required words for the official HSK Chinese Proficiency Examination), carefully selected to cover all important aspects of life and commerce in China. In addition, extensive information on Chinese grammar and Mandarin pronunciation are included. This Chinese dictionary contains the following features: 25,000 Chinese words and expressions. Chinese-English and English-Chinese sections Up-to-date local Chinese slang and idioms. A guide to Mandarin pronunciation and Chinese Grammar. An explanation of Mandarin tones and syllables. An introduction to writing Chinese and stroke order. Radical and stroke indexes for easy reference. All the Chinese vocabulary included in the HSK language examinations. Romanized forms (hanyu pinyin) including tones for accurate pronunciation. Extensive notes with detailed tips on usage and social context. Parts of speech, common phrases and idiomatic expressions. Other dictionaries in this bestselling series you might be interested in include: Concise Japanese Dictionary, Concise Korean Dictionary, and Concise Vietnamese Dictionary.

The Oxford Color Dictionary & Thesaurus, 3e is a convenient, compact, and portable reference book designed to aid students with their studies and help everyday users solve common language problems and puzzles, wherever they are.
Providing a complete dictionary and thesaurus in one volume, it is an especially user-friendly resource, with a
colorful design and a smart new layout that makes it simple to find the word you need. This handy reference contains more than 40,000 words, phrases, and definitions, and more than 65,000 synonyms. The new edition features a brand new layout, with the headwords, phrases, and key synonyms all in a bright, lively color, and the thesaurus entry for each word sitting directly alongside the dictionary entry, so that you do not have to hunt up-and-down the page to find the word you are looking for. In addition, when words have more than one meaning, the first "core synonym" in a group will be highlighted in color, to indicate the general meaning of the words in the group.
This edition also contains a 30-page center section on "Effective English" which covers the basics of writing English and how to get the best out of your thesaurus. Here readers will find guidance on collective nouns and verb tenses, when to use parenthesis and when to use square brackets, how and when to use a dash, and how prefixes and suffixes help to form words (the discussion includes a chart of more than forty of the most commonly used prefixes and suffixes).
Designed to fit easily into a backpack, bag, or pocketbook, the Oxford Color Dictionary & Thesaurus is ideal for anyone who needs a portable reference that they can easily carry from home to the office, to school, or anywhere in-between.