Of all the countries in North Africa and the Middle East, Libya has long been is the one which the least is known. Only recently have we begun to appreciate the complexity of Libya's turbulent past, including the revolution in 2011 in which demands for better living conditions and more job opportunities led to widespread protests. When the Muammar al-Qaddafi regime responded with force to these peaceful protests, killing scores of unarmed civilians, the protesters called for regime change. In what came to be known as the February 17 Revolution, the 42-year-old Qaddafi regime was overthrown, and Qaddafi was killed in October 2011. Over the next decade, Libya endured a series of interim, transitional governments in a prolonged struggle to draft a new constitution and to elect a democratic national government. Historical Dictionary of Libya, Sixth Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities as well as aspects of the country's politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Libya.

Brexit is the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. The relationship between Great Britain and the European Union is a long and complicated one, the UK opted out of a membership in the EU (or then European Economic Community) back in 1950, set up a rival group known as the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) in 1961, applied for EU membership in 1971 where it became an "awkward partner" for decades only to withdraw at midnight on 31 January 2020 at which time it became a fully sovereign country again Historical Dictionary of Brexit contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 300 cross-referenced entries terms, persons and events that shaped Brexit. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Brexit.

Beth Qatraye was an important cultural, linguistic and religious crossroads in the pre- and early Islamic periods. In this reissue of a facsimile edition of Duval's edition of Bar Bahlul's lexicon, Duval's Latin introductory material has been translated into English by Samuel Barry.

The Oxford Essential Portuguese Dictionary is a compact Portuguese-English and English-Portuguese dictionary that offers up-to-date coverage of all the essential day-to-day vocabulary with over 40,000 words and phrases and 60,000 translations. This dictionary is easy to use and ideal for travel, work, or study. The latest words in each language have been added, reflecting all aspects of life today, from computing and technology to lifestyle and business. Additional features include guides to Portuguese and English pronunciation, as well as help with both Portuguese and English verbs. The dictionary is based on Brazilian Portuguese with extra information where European Portuguese is different. All the latest spelling reforms have been included. The Oxford Essential Portuguese Dictionary is ideal for anyone in need of a handy quick reference. An essential book for the study of Portuguese.

Igbo, also known as ibo, is one of the major languages of Nigeria. This guide contains an introduction to basic grammar, two-way dictionary, and helpful phrases arranged in 34 sections, each of which deals with aspects of everyday life. Also includes cultural information and a brief history of the Igbo people.

The Russo-Japanese War was fought for 19 months (8 February 1904- 5 September 1905) between the empires of Japan and the Russia over the southern part of Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula. While essentially a colonial conflict, the war became a major engagement both in scale and innovation unseen until then. In recent years there has been a growing awareness that this event marks a historical juncture far more important than it was usually taken to be. This second edition of the Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War offers a major revision of the highly praised first edition, which, by all accounts, has been the standard work on this conflict in any language during the last decade. The book contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. Moreover, the dictionary section has some 800 new or fully revised cross-referenced entries on the battles, weaponry, and major personalities of the war, as well as various international events and conflicts, agreements, schemes, and projects that led to the war. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Russo-Japanese War.

This book covers the history of Haiti starting in 1492 with the initial European landing of the island to the present day. Haiti shares the island of Hispaniola with the Dominican Republic. Haiti proclaimed its independence from France on January 1, 1804 following the only successful slave evolution in the Americas. As a result of the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804), Haiti became the first independent Latin American nation and the second independent nation in the Western Hemisphere, after the United States. Throughout its history it has suffered political violence, and a devastating earthquake which killed over 300,000 people. Historical Dictionary of Haiti, Second Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities as well as aspects of the country's politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about South Africa.

The English-Tshivenda/Tshivenda-English Bilingual Dictionary is part of the Pharos entrylevel series of bilingual dictionaries for English and the nine official African languages in South Africa. The dictionary is suitable for English or Tshivenda first or second-language speakers wishing to learn an additional language. It will help users build their vocabulary, improve grammar and use common phrases correctly, whether at school level, in the workplace, as a tourist, or just for anyone wishing to learn Tshivenda.

The Pharos series of bilingual dictionaries supports the Department of Basic Education’s Language-in-Education Policy to develop and maintain all the official languages, to promote multilingualism in South Africa, and to support the teaching and learning of all the official
languages.

Tshivenda is part of the SothoMakuaVenda subfamily of languages with 2.4% (1.2m) of the population as mother-tongue speakers and 1.7m second-language users, 2.9m in total (Stats SA 2011).

The aim of this dictionary and phrasebook is to assist the student or traveler in expanding his or her knowledge of the language and culture of the Philippines. * Introduction to basic grammar * Pronunciation guide * Ilocano-English / English-Ilocano dictionary * Ilocano phrasebook

Written in straightforward, jargon-free language, A Concise Dictionary of Comics guides students, researchers, readers, and educators of all ages and at all levels of comics expertise. It provides them with a dictionary that doubles as a compendium of comics scholarship. A Concise Dictionary of Comics provides clear and informative definitions for each term. It includes twenty-five witty illustrations, and pairs most defined terms with references to books, articles, book chapters, and other relevant critical sources. All references are dated and listed in an extensive, up-to-date bibliography of comics scholarship. Each term is also categorized according to type in an index of thematic groupings. This organization serves as a pedagogical aid for teachers and students learning about a specific facet of comics studies and as a research tool for scholars who are unfamiliar with a particular term but know what category it falls into. These features make A Concise Dictionary of Comics especially useful for critics, students, teachers, and researchers, and a vital reference to anyone else who wants to learn more about comics.

Edmund Husserl is generally regarded as the founding figure of the philosophical movement of "phenomenology," by which he understands a descriptive science of the essential structures of experiences and of their objects precisely as these are experienced. Phenomenology has had a decisive influence on philosophy in the 20th century, especially in Europe. The movement known as "continental philosophy," whether practiced in Europe or elsewhere, has its roots in phenomenology and in the post-Hegelian philosophies of Soren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Karl Marx. Historical Dictionary of Husserl's Philosophy, Second Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 600 cross-referenced entries on his key concepts and major writings as well as entries on his most important predecessors, contemporaries, and successors. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Edmund Husserl.

The history of same-sex attraction and love is relevant to many aspects of history, including its social, religious, and political dimensions. The Historical Dictionary of Homosexuality provides a comprehensive survey of same-sex relations from ancient China and Greece to the contemporary world. The book covers religious traditions that have tolerated or had a role for same-sex relations, to those that have condemned it and called for punishment. The legal treatment of homosexuality, and the development in the modern world of a gay rights movements, are central areas of focus. In addition, there are a number of entries for specific countries and regions that provides concise summaries of how same-sex relations have been understood and treated around the globe. Court decisions and emerging norms in international law are also covered. Historical Dictionary of Homosexuality, Second Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 200 cross-referenced entries on important historical figures, philosophic, artistic, and literary treatments of same-sex love, historical terms, and contemporary events. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about homosexuality.

Vaudeville, as it is commonly known today, began as a response to scandalous variety performances appealing mostly to adult, male patrons. When former minstrel performer and balladeer Tony Pastor opened the Fourteenth Street Theatre in New York in 1881, he was guided by a mission to provide family-friendly variety shows in hopes of drawing in that portion of the audience - women and children - otherwise inherently excluded from variety bills prior to 1881. There he perfected a framework for family-oriented amusements of the highest obtainable quality and style. Historical Dictionary of Vaudeville contains a chronology, an introduction, an extensive bibliography, and the dictionary section has more than 1,000 cross-referenced entries on performing artists, managers and agents, theatre facilities, and the terminology central to the history of vaudeville. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about vaudeville.

This book unfolds chronologically, comprehensively and coherently, for the first time and under one cover, a spectacular landscape of how lexicographies of core native-speaker varieties of English (other than British English) originate and develop, directly or indirectly, from their British roots to current shapes and prosperity, tracing their evolutional links with and inheritance from British (occasionally American) lexicographical tradition, their interrelation to socio-cultural settings, as well as their reformation and divergences through innovation and self-expansion. This pioneering work gives special focus to many unknown aspects and areas of world English lexicography and concludes with visions, prospects and possible transformations of its development in the 21st century. It is the first attempt to go beyond the traditional confines of ontological studies in the history of lexicography, integrating sociolinguistic and lexicographical approaches and setting the diachronic explorations of world English lexicography against the broad background of socio-cultural observations. It is the most updated and wide-ranging on the subject treated within a unified framework of English dictionary paradigms going from its archetype to the prescriptive, to the historical, to the descriptive and to the cognitive model.

A Frequency Dictionary of Russian is an invaluable tool for all learners of Russian, providing a list of the 5,000 most frequently used words in the language and the 300 most frequent multiword constructions. The dictionary is based on data from a 150-million-word internet corpus taken from more than 75,000 webpages and covering a range of text types from news and journalistic articles, research papers, administrative texts and fiction. All entries in the rank frequency list feature the English equivalent, a sample sentence with English translation, a part of speech indication, indication of stress for polysyllabic words and information on inflection for irregular forms. The dictionary also contains twenty-six thematically organised and frequency-ranked lists of words on a variety of topics, such as food and drink, travel, and sports and leisure. A Frequency Dictionary of Russian enables students of all levels to get the most out of their study of vocabulary in an engaging and efficient way. It is also a rich resource for language teaching, research, curriculum design, and materials development. A CD version is available to purchase separately. Designed for use by corpus and computational linguists it provides the full text in a format that researchers can process and turn into suitable lists for their own research purposes.

The dictionary & phrasebook series now offers 67 languages! Each book comprises an introduction to the language, an alphabet and pronunciation guide, a basic grammar, a two-way dictionary, and a phrasebook. The grammar section presents the language's main features, such as verbs, nouns, adjectives, gender and declension. Easy-to-follow explanations enable users to have simple conversations with native speakers. Western Armenian is the language spoken by most of the seven million Diaspora Armenians who live outside their historic homeland. Western Armenian speakers form the majority of Armenian spoken in the United States, Iran, and the Middle East. The language has helped to preserve a unified Armenian sense of identity and common cultural heritage throughout the world. This Dictionary & Pharsebook, an extension of that cultural heritage, offers insight into the historical roots of the Diaspora and provides an invaluable reference to the language itself. The book contains a resourceful two-way dictionary, an informative grammar section, and a collection of travel-oriented phrases. Armenian has its own unique alphabet, but to facilitate pronunciation, this book uses a commonsense Roman transliteration system.

Baptists are a major group of Christians with a worldwide presence. Originating in the English Puritan-Separatist tradition of the 17th century, Baptists proliferated in North America, and through missionary work from England, Europe, and North America, they have established churches, associations, unions, missions, and alliances in virtually every country. They are among the most highly motivated evangelists of the Christian gospel, employing at present in excess of 7,000 domestic and overseas missionaries. Important characteristics of the Baptists across their history are: the authority of the Scriptures, individual accountability before God, the priority of religious experience, religious liberty, separation of church and state, congregational independence, and a concern for the social implications of the gospel. Baptists recognize a twofold ministry (deacons and pastors) or a threefold order (deacons, elders, pastors). Historical Dictionary of the Baptists, Third Edition expands upon the second edition with an updated chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important events, doctrines, and the church founders, leaders, and other prominent figures who have made notable contributions.

The home of trusted French dictionaries for everyday language learning. A unique guide to communicating in French. It will help learners discover expressions and idioms to make their French more natural and fluent, while developing an awareness of French culture. Designed for learners of French of all ages, whether you are learning at school, in evening classes, for business or to go on holiday. The text consists of 250 quirky and interesting French idioms which are arranged into different themes, and are given with simple example phrases to show them in context. Clear and concise language notes provide information on the meaning and background of some idioms, while handy culture notes help explain any cultural differences. Combined with a text which has a selection of illustrations, the Collins Easy Learning French Idioms takes you beyond beginners level and expands your knowledge of frequently-used, natural French expressions. Get it right: key idioms and example phrases help improve your knowledge of real French. Get there fast: clear themes help guide you to the type of idiom you're looking for. Have confidence: a fun, useful guide to common French idioms helps you increase your knowledge of natural French and French culture.

With 10,000 years of history, Peru, with its formidable Inca and pre-Inca civilizations and its rich colonial and post-colonial past, formed the very foundations of multi-ethnic South American history and society. It is a country rich in natural and human resources, but has been largely confined to a state of underdevelopment for much of its history. However, since 2000 Peru has shown significant signs of economic and political progress as its economy grew rapidly and it polity democratized. The Historical Dictionary of Peru packages in a unique way the course of Peru's evolution and recent trajectory, with substantial sections devoted to describing and analyzing the country's history, politics and social order, combined with shorter entries on the important people and events that have contributed to its current state of affairs. It also includes a comprehensive profile of the country based on an array of data, tables and statistics. In short, PERU will be an indispensable introduction and source for high school, college and graduate students, travelers and tourists and American government and business personnel with Peru as a destination. The Historical Dictionary of Peru contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture.

The future of English linguistics as envisaged by the editors of Topics in English Linguistics lies in empirical studies, which integrate work in English linguistics into general and theoretical linguistics on the one hand, and comparative linguistics on the other. The TiEL series features volumes that present interesting new data and analyses, and above all fresh approaches that contribute to the overall aim of the series, which is to further outstanding research in English linguistics. For further publications in English linguistics see also our Dialects of English book series. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Natalie Fecher.