Project Report from the year 2013 in the subject Electrotechnology, Sir Padampat Singhania University, course: Electronics and Communication, language: English, abstract: The power electronics device which converts DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency level is known as inverter. As we have found that different inverters are used for different equipment's so in our project titled " Analysis of Harmonics injected by Single phase Inverter," we are analyzing the harmonics present in single phase voltage source inverter using different loads (R, RL and RLC). We are analyzing Harmonics using MATLAB tools like Scope for harmonics and Simulink powergui for analysis of FFT of different Signals.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: Bachelor, Harbin Engineering University (College of Automation), course: Electronics, language: English, abstract: In recent years, with the development of power electronic devices control theory and the increasing demand of high-quality power supply, power electronics technology has aroused widely attention from scholars. DC-DC power converters are employed in a variety of applications, including power supplies for personal computers, office equipment; spacecraft power systems, laptop, Cell phones, and telecommunications equipment, as well as dc motor drives. In this project a detailed study of zero current switching buck converters is done and also practically implemented in hardware. In addition a mathematical analysis of switching loss occurring in MOSFET's is also presented and a short study of zero voltage switching is also appended. During the hardware implementation the Ton, Toff and operating frequency were found out and thoroughly tuned through the IC555 circuit and various waveforms across inductors, capacitors, load resistor and test points were noted down. In this thesis, the Buck type circuit structure and working principle are analyzed and a DC-DC buck converter is designed. The designed converter uses ZCS scheme and realized the function that the power form is converted from 12V DC voltages to 5 V DC voltages. The output voltage can be adjusted according to the output resistor. The output voltage is stable and the performance of the designed converter is ensured. Simulation study was carried out and effectiveness of the designed converter is verified by simulation results. Finlay design is implemented in hardware and PCB layout as well.

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Scientific Study from the year 2011 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: -, The University of Liverpool (Xi'an Jiao Tong Liverpool University), language: English, abstract: This article presents the results of lead acid battery usage in the late 2000s. In this study, the usage of the lead acid battery was increased every year. However, there were several limitations due to the lead acid battery such as, the health effect, cause explosion. On the other hand, Lead-acid battery recycling is one of the most successful recycling programs in the world, which going to be encouraged to every people, instead using disposable batteries.

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2006 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: 1, mit Ausgezeichnung bestanden, Vienna University of Technology (Insitut fur Photonik), language: English, abstract: In this PhD thesis different fundamental aspects and the practical usability of a laser ignition system as a new, innovative and alternative ignition approach for internal combustion engines were investigated in great detail mainly experimentally. Ignition experiments in combustion chambers under high pressures and elevated temperatures have been conducted. Different fuels were investigated. Also the minimum breakdown energy in dependence of the initial temperature and pressure with the help of an aspheric lens with a high numerical aperture was studied. High-speed Schlieren diagnostics have been conducted in the combustion chamber. The different stages like the ignition plasma within the first nanoseconds via the shock wave generation to the expanding flame kernel were investigated. With the help of multi-point ignition the combustion duration could be reduced significantly. The controlled start of auto-ignition of n-heptane-air mixtures by resonant absorption of Er, Cr: YSGG laser radiation at 2.78 um by additionally introduced water has been proven in combustion chamber experiments as a completely new idea. Beside experiments in the combustion chambers and long term tests under atmospheric conditions, various tests in SI engines up to 200 h, have been made. Different sources of contamination of the window surface have been identified. First experiments with a longitudinally diode-pumped, fiber-coupled and passively Q-switched solid-state laser -prototype system with maximum pulse energy of 1.5 mJ at about 1.5 ns pulse duration were performed which allowed to ignite the engine successfully over a test period of 100 h. In cooperation with Lund University in Sweden, experiments have been performed on another engine test bed running in HCCI mode revealing the la

Master's Thesis from the year 1998 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: 1,0 (A), University of Rhode Island (--), 39 entries in the bibliography, language: English, comment:, abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to compare several filter topologies used for the decimation of sigma-delta modulated digital signals. The goal is to present optimized filter architectures with regard to an efficient VLSI implementation. A fifth-order 1-bit sigma-delta modulator using local feedback techniques will be considered as the front-end A/D converter. The subsequent digital filter reduces the sampling rate by a factor of 32. The decimation filter must guarantee a narrow transition band between 0.5 and 0.55 and stopband attenuation of 100dB. Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction into the principles of digital signal processing. The considerations are focused on FIR filters due to the requirements for acoustic applications. Chapter 2 illustrates the proposed overall structure and the design flow. The objective of chapter 3 is to present the principles of oversampling data converters using sigma-delta techniques. The 5V fifth-order SigmaDelta-modulator with 90dB dynamic range (SNR+THD) will be presented, which has been fabricated in 1.2$um CMOS technology. For the sake of simplicity and robustness, a 1-bit quantizer will be used. Chapter 4 deals with typical hardware realizations of digital filters. Apart from the brute force'' implementation of the multirate filter with identical filters running in parallel, also the LUT-based approach for small filter orders will be presented. Due to the advantages of compact implementation, the bit-serial approach and the bit-serial multiplier are investigated in detail. In chapter 5 the straightforward one-stage multirate FIR filter will be introduced. To satisfy the specifications, a 4096 tap lowpass FIR filter will be designed. The influence of coefficient quantization is investigated and furthermore the block scalin

Scholarly Research Paper from the year 2006 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: 1,0, University Karlsruhe (TH), language: English, abstract: Avoiding collision accidents is becoming more and more an important topic in the research field of driver assistant systems. Especially for vision-based detection systems there are various approaches, which are built upon many different methods. This thesis deals with the avoidance of pedestrian accidents, caused by Blind Corner view problems. The presented approach comprises a pedestrian detection subsystem, which is part of a large camera system framework covering observation of the car environment. Based on a Blind Corner Camera and a neural network classification method, research in this thesis is focused on two aspects: detection improvement and danger level estimation. Since vision-based classification methods usually are still not able to yield perfect results, because of the complexity of this task, the detection result has to be improved by preprocessing and post processing. In this work, first, effects of image enhancement methods on detection are tested as preprocessing methods and, secondly, a new approach for a simple tracking and estimation strategy is presented, which improves detection in the way of a post processing method. Finally, information from tracking and prediction is used to estimate a danger level for pedestrians, which provides information about how collisionprone the current situations is.

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2009 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: 1.0, University of Duisburg-Essen (Institute of Electrical Power Systems), course: Electrical Engineering, language: English, comment: The primary objective of this dissertation was to develop a black box optimization tool. The algorithm should be able to solve complex nonlinear, multimodal, discontinuous and mixed-integer power system optimization problems without any model reduction. A duty cycle based unit commitment modelling proposed in this thesis results in 80% reduction in the problem dimension. The final focus of this thesis was to investigate the impact of unpredictable nature of demand and renewable generation on the power system operation., abstract: The primary objective of this dissertation is to develop a black box optimization tool. The algorithm should be able to solve complex nonlinear, multimodal, discontinuous and mixed-integer power system optimization problems without any model reduction. Although there are many computational intelligence (CI) based algorithms which can handle these problems, they require intense human intervention in the form of parameter tuning, selection of a suitable algorithm for a given problem etc. The idea here is to develop an algorithm that works relatively well on a variety of problems with minimum human effort. The most significant optimization task in the power system operation is the scheduling of various generation resources (Unit Commitment, UC). The current practice used in UC modelling is the binary approach. This modelling results in a high dimension problem. This in turn leads to increased computational effort and decreased efficiency of the algorithm. A duty cycle based modelling proposed in this thesis results in 80 percent reduction in the problem dimension. The stern uptime and downtime requirements are also included in the modelling. Therefore, the search process mostly starts in a feasible solution space. Fro

Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: 1.0, University of Kassel, course: Studienmodul 'Anlagenplaner erneuerbare Energien' des Studiums "E]U," language: English, abstract: This document describes a high level technical design for and the economic assessment of renewable energy solutions for radio base stations (RBS). It proposes a way forward in the development of 'hybrid' solutions with renewable energy sources (RES) for off-grid RBS sites. The main purpose of this document is to provide initial practical, technical and economic guidance. The following sections outline the specific requirements of mobile operators and provide specific technical guidance for the selection and implementation of the elements of a hybrid system. This information will enable mobile operators without any detailed technical and commercial knowledge to develop initial ideas on the design of such a system and provide them with a common basis for further discussion, evaluation and benchmarking. References to external documents in the glossary are in square brackets ] and cross links to specific sections of this document are indicated as follows: > section_name. Note: this document is part of my final examination in the renewable energy study module at the University of Kassel. The precise definition of the term paper can be found in > Issue definition

Diploma Thesis from the year 2002 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: 1,0, University of Dortmund (Lehrstuhl fur Hochfrequenztechnik), 39 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Next generation optical communication systems will be characterized by increasing data rates, high signal powers and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). In future-optical networks channels will be routed through complex, meshed networks (ASTN, Automatically Switched Transport Networks, ITU-T Recommendation G.808 0/Y.1304). These networks will be able to setup transparent optical paths without converting the optical signals to electrical signals. In all-optical networks the physical impairments and degradation effects play an important role. There is a multitude of degradation effects like dispersion, noise, crosstalk, fiber nonlinearities, polarization dependent loss, etc. To enable a fast setup and the best choice of one of the available paths, the signal quality along the whole transmission distance has to be evaluated very fast. Ideally, only a single figure of merit (FOM), e.g. the bit error rate (BER), will be computed, which incorporates all degradation effects. Therefore it is important to characterize the different physical impairments analytically. Signal distortions can be measured by an eye opening penalty (EOP) and degradation effects due to noise by the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). The goal is to find and calculate these impairments from the signal parameters (modulation format, data rate, duty cycle, channel spacing, etc.) as well as the route parameters (fiber lengths and parameters, EDFA powers, etc.). Due to the need of fast routing algorithms, time-consuming numerical methods or a complete system simulation are not practical. In addition, it is not possible to linearly accumulate the different degradation effects. The focus of this work is to find analytical or heuristic formulas for each degradation effect. These approximation f

Master's Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Electrotechnology, Atlantic International University (School of Science and Engineering), course: Systems Engineering, language: English, abstract: Motion control has emerged as one of the most dynamic technologies in manufacturing. The current shift from mechanical control systems towards electronic servo control systems promises to increase process speeds by 50% or more, depending on application. The transfer and assembly lines have had a powerful impact in automating our factories with the primary goal of reduction of labour content while holding on to the financial justification labelled as economy of scale. Motion controllers are components that range from ON/OFF devices with simple linear controllers to complex, user programmable modules that act as controllers within complex integrated multi-axis motion systems. Applications include all types of industrial processing, packaging, and machining/forming operations. This thesis will focus on analysis of basic motion control theory, sensors and actuators used in motion control, adapting fieldbus technology in motion control systems, and developments, trends and application of motion control technology in different engineering disciplines.

Close to the end of this book you will be able to perform electrical task as electrical apprentice or electrician in an acceptable manner and you can go to the next level as a leader in this field if you choose to do so. In case you want to stay as a professional electrician you'll have all means to be successful one in North America. It is the field where construction is booming and because of the technologic progress are changes and upgrades everywhere: industry; commercial; agriculture; mining or residential so you are in the right field! For electricians the control diagrams are the most challenging sections since will require abilities as spirit of observation, thinking process, and process understanding. There is a secret how to secure your future. Competence! COMPETENCE = KNOWLEDGE + EXPERIENCE I wish you the best!

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: 1, University of applied sciences Karnten, language: English, abstract: This paper deals with the substitution of defective sensor pixels regarding an Infrared Energy (IR) camera module. The work includes information about the development of algorithms and the optimization regarding hardware usage of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Furthermore, the work outlines the test of the algorithms with the aid of Matrix Laboratory (Matlab) and the implementation in Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL). Simulations of the VHDL module conclude the work.

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2008 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: summa cum laude, Technical University of Ilmenau, 152 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This thesis deals with Experimental Channel Characterisation and its performance limits in real propagation environments. This includes recording of the multidimensional wideband channel matrix by using a MIMO channel sounder and antenna arrays at both sides of the link. High-resolution parameter estimation is finally applied to characterise the channel in terms of DoD, DoA, TDoA, and complex polarimetric path weights. The quality of these estimates in "real world" scenarios is degraded by several impairments of the practical antenna arrays and the measurement system used. The resulting estimation quality limits are investigated in detail by simulations and measurements. The entire processing chain is analysed in terms of possible error sources. To this end, measurement system impairments, antenna array calibration errors as well as limitations of the radio channel model comprising two parts: specular like reflections (SC) and distributed diffuse scattering (DMC) applied by the high-resolution parameter estimation procedure are investigated. Moreover, consequences of using these results to deduce and parameterise geometry based channel models are demonstrated. The contributions of this thesis are of interest for researchers dealing with high-resolution parameter estimation and channel modelling and can be summarised as follows: the efficient and accurate radiation pattern modelling of antenna arrays, the powerful performance evaluation framework for practical antenna arrays, the exposure of consequence of modelling errors on parameter estimation, and the demonstration of overall limitations of Experimental Channel Characterisation.

Master's Thesis from the year 2001 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: with distinction, City University London, 50 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Bragg gratings are important devices for both optical communications and sensing. These devices are used to design very narrow band optical filters, which can be used in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). It is also perceived that Bragg gratings will be used to compensate the dispersion in modern fibre optic telecommunication networks. Semiconductor gratings are usually integrated into lasers to control the operating wavelength. City University Photonic Modelling Group is a world leading research group on the use of rigorous numerical techniques to design and optimise advanced photonic devices for optical communications. The research group has already achieved results on hypothetical one-dimensional (1-D) and realistic two-dimensional (2-D) structures. In this project a combination of three numerical methods has been used, all of which are rigorous, to simulate realistic three-dimensional (3-D) structures in semiconductor waveguides. The combination of these three accurate methods, the finite element method (FEM), the least squares boundary residual (LSBR) method and the transfer matrix method (TMM) turned out to be superior to the widely used coupled mode theory (CMT). The numerical study of different Bragg gratings shows interesting dependencies of the characteristics of the gratings on the different design parameters. The work was carried out for different mesh distributions, different numbers of mesh divisions and different computational parameters. Another focus of the work was on the stability of the transmission and reflection coefficients obtained from the LSBR program. Furthermore the effect of inaccuracy occurring during the fabrication process has been studied. The results of this work have been compared to results found by other groups and fellows. We can say that this proj

The increasing global concerns about carbon emission and secure energy generation spurred a renewed interest in nuclear energy, alongside with development of advanced nuclear reactor designs and fuel cycles. This book proposes several solutions to improve the cycle of a Light Water Reactor (LWR). It focuses in particular on development of fuel cycles and operational strategies for the International Reactor Innovative and Secure (IRIS), an advanced LWR with integral design developed by an international consortium led by Westinghouse. The solutions proposed combine proven LWR technology with innovative engineering, therefore enabling IRIS, and the larger class of advanced LWRs, to meet aggressive licensing schedule without forgoing key economic and safety requirements for the fuel cycle of an advanced plant. Since the study has been performed through a joint collaboration with the nuclear industry, focus is maintained not only on the quality and innovation of the solutions proposed but also on their effective applicability in the near future. For these reasons, this book will appeal both the researcher and the engineer interested in the future of the nuclear energy.

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This book provides a practical and comprehensive analysis of control systems for boilers and HRSGs (heat-recovery steam generators) in a variety of applications from waste-to-energy plants through to combined-cycle gas-turbine power stations (CCGTs). It describes process transmitters, advanced DCS configurations and final elements such as control valves and dampers. Basics such as methods of connecting instruments to the process are explained while more advanced discussions of the design features of distributed control systems are also included. At every stage, emphasis is given to the complex, multivariable, interactive nature of steam-raising plant and to the importance of dealing with the problems that result. Chapters are devoted to the application of modern nomenclature systems and to the documentation required to ensure that the equipment and systems meet all the requirements of performance, accuracy, safety and maintainability. This book will provide invaluable practical guidance for systems engineers, operators, maintenance staff and specifiers of power plant control and instrumentation (C&I) systems.

Back to Basics Audio is a thorough, yet approachable handbook on audio electronics theory and equipment. The first part of the book discusses electrical and audio principles. Those principles form a basis for understanding the operation of equipment and systems, covered in the second section. Finally, the author addresses planning and installation of a home audio system.

Julian Nathan joined the audio service and manufacturing industry in 1954 and moved into motion picture engineering and production in 1960.
He installed and operated recording theaters in Sydney, Australia,
and set up similar facilities in Papua New Guinea and Hong Kong. Later he spent several years in cinema installation and service including audio visual theaters and government sound systems, then worked in the hi-fi- and professional sound equipment markets. His particular interest is home theater. He makes his home in New South Wales, Australia.
Notes on home theater systems, speaker placement and calibration
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Easy introduction to practical audio, acoustics, and electrical theory