Mechanical and thermal properties are reviewed and electrical and magnetic properties are emphasized. Basics of symmetry and internal structure of crystals and the main properties of metals, dielectrics, semiconductors, and magnetic materials are discussed. The theory and modern experimental data are presented, as well as the specifications of materials that are necessary for practical application in electronics. The modern state of research in nanophysics of metals, magnetic materials, dielectrics and semiconductors is taken into account, with particular attention to the influence of structure on the physical properties of nano-materials. The book uses simplified mathematical treatment of theories, while emphasis is placed on the basic concepts of physical phenomena in electronic materials. Most chapters are devoted to the advanced scientific and technological problems of electronic materials; in addition, some new insights into theoretical facts relevant to technical devices are presented. Electronic Materials is an essential reference for newcomers to the field of electronics, providing a fundamental understanding of important basic and advanced concepts in electronic materials science.

This book offers the first comprehensive introduction to the inerter, its successful application in Formula One racing, and other state-of-the-art applications in vibration control. It presents fundamental analysis results and design methods for inerter-based vibration control systems. Providing comprehensive information on the inerter, a pioneering mechanical element invented by Prof. Malcolm C. Smith at Cambridge University in 2002, it will be of considerable interest to readers with a background in control theory, mechanical vibration or related subjects.

This book highlights the prevention of possible accidents and crashes of aircrafts by analyzing the many factors that affect such events. It includes the theoretical study of known ideas and concepts, as well as a set of new methods and mathematical models. It contains factual information to investigate famous disasters and aviation accidents with aircrafts. The book proposes methods and models that can be the basis in developing guidance material for decision-making by the flight crew and experts in air traffic control. Some of the contents presented in this book are also useful in the design and operation of data transmission systems of aircraft. The book is intended for engineering and technical specialists engaged in the development, manufacturing and operations of onboard radio electronic systems of aircraft and ground-based radio engineering support for flights, as well as graduate students and senior students of radio engineering specialties. It is useful to researchers and managers whose activities are related to air traffic control.

The extended and revised edition of this textbook provides essential information for a comprehensive upper-level graduate course on the crystalline growth of semiconductor heterostructures. Heteroepitaxy is the basis of today's advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices, and it is considered one of the most important fields in materials research and nanotechnology. The book discusses the structural and electronic properties of strained epitaxial layers, the thermodynamics and kinetics of layer growth, and it describes the major growth techniques: metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy, molecular-beam epitaxy, and liquid-phase epitaxy. It also examines in detail cubic and hexagonal semiconductors, strain relaxation by misfit dislocations, strain and confinement effects on electronic states, surface structures, and processes during nucleation and growth. Requiring only minimal knowledge of solid-state physics, it provides natural sciences, materials science and electrical engineering students and their lecturers elementary introductions to the theory and practice of epitaxial growth, supported by references and over 300 detailed illustrations. In this second edition, many topics have been extended and treated in more detail, e.g. in situ growth monitoring, application of surfactants, properties of dislocations and defects in organic crystals, and special growth techniques like vapor-liquid-solid growth of nanowires and selective-area epitaxy.

This book takes a fresh look at the work, thoughts, and life of 1956 Nobel Prize winner William B. Shockley. It reconstructs Shockley's upbringing, his patriotic achievements during World War II, his contribution to semiconductor physics - culminating with the epoch-making invention of the transistor - and his views on the social issues of his time. The author's unparalleled access to Shockley's personal documents provides insight into a colorful, yet controversial, man, and also sheds light on the attitudes of other prominent scientists of that era. Shockley was not only an outstanding scientist in his own right but also a fiercely independent thinker in perpetual search of the truth. His contributions to the field known today as microelectronics are enormous and unmatched. This book explores the critical facets of Shockley's life, replete with never-before-published photos and excerpts from his private correspondence and personal notebooks. The book also delves into Shockley's views on genetics and human intelligence. It tells the story of a man beset by an unrelenting rationality, slandered by the popular media, and ultimately alienated by his peers. It discusses his controversial, although sometimes prescient, ideas regarding human genetics, putting these into the context of modern research findings. Today, William Shockley is perhaps just as enigmatic as his work and accomplishments. The author presents a convincing argument that Shockley still has much to say about the issues of our age, and many of his ideas deserve evaluation in the public forum.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the latest research into integrated circuits' ageing, explaining the causes of this phenomenon, describing its effects on electronic systems, and providing mitigation techniques to build ageing-resilient circuits.

To cope with the new running conditions in the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, a new integrated circuit named SAMPA has been created that can process 32 analogue channels, convert them to digital, perform filtering and compression, and transmit the data on high speed links to the data acquisition system. The main purpose of this work is to specify, design, test and verify the digital signal processing part of the SAMPA device to accommodate the requirements of the detectors involved. Innovative solutions have been employed to reduce the bandwidth required by the detectors, as well as adaptations to ease data handling later in the processing chain. The new SAMPA device was built to replace two existing circuits, in addition to reducing the current consumption, and doubling the amount of processing channels. About 50000 of the devices will be installed in the Time Projection Chamber and Muon Chamber detectors in the ALICE experiment.

The book presents research from Rob|Arch 2018, the fourth international conference on robotic fabrication in architecture, art, and design. In capturing the myriad of scientific advances in robotics fabrication that are currently underway - such as collaborative design tools, computerised materials, adaptive sensing and actuation, advanced construction, on-site and cooperative robotics, machine-learning, human-machine interaction, large-scale fabrication and networked workflows, to name but a few - this compendium reveals how robotic fabrication is becoming a driver of scientific innovation, cross-disciplinary fertilization and creative capacity of an unprecedented kind.

This book presents the state-of-the-art approach for transmission line protection schemes for smart power grid. It provides a comprehensive solution for real-time development of numerical relaying schemes for future power grids which can minimize cascade tripping and widespread blackout problems prevailing all around the world. The book also includes the traditional approach for transmission line protection along with issues and challenges in protection philosophy. It highlights the issues for sheltering power grid from unwanted hazards with very fundamental approach. The book follows a step-by-step approach for resolving critical issues like high impedance faults, power swing detection and auto-reclosing schemes with adaptive protection process. The book also covers the topic of hardware solution for real-time implementation of auto-reclosing scheme for transmission line protection schemes along with comparative analysis with the recently developed analytical approach such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and other machine learning algorithms. It will be useful to researchers and industry professionals and students in the fields of power system protection.

This book presents peer-reviewed articles from the 20th International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies (ISOT 2019), held in Goa, India. The symposium brought together students, researchers, professionals, and academicians in the field of optomechatronics and related areas on a common platform conducive to academic interaction with business professionals.

Cognitive architectures represent an umbrella term to describe ways in which the flow of thought can be engineered towards cerebral and behavioral outcomes. Cognitive Architectures are meant to provide top-down guidance, a knowledge base, interactive heuristics and concrete or fuzzy policies for which the virtual character can utilize for intelligent interaction with his/her/its situated virtual environment. Integrating Cognitive Architectures into Virtual Character Design presents emerging research on virtual character artificial intelligence systems and procedures and the integration of cognitive architectures. Emphasizing innovative methodologies for intelligent virtual character integration and design, this publication is an ideal reference source for graduate-level students, researchers, and professionals in the fields of artificial intelligence, gaming, and computer science.

This book gathers a set of works highlighting significant advances in the areas of music and sound. They report on innovative music technologies, acoustics, findings in musicology, new perspectives and techniques for composition, sound design and sound synthesis, and methods for music education and therapy. Further, they cover interesting topics at the intersection between music and computing, design and social sciences. Chapters are based on extended and revised versions of the best papers presented during the 6th and 7th editions of EIMAD-Meeting of Research in Music, Arts and Design, held in 2020 and 2021, respectively, at the School of Applied Arts in Castelo Branco, Portugal. All in all, this book provides music researchers, educators and professionals with authoritative information about new trends and techniques, and a source of inspiration for future research, practical developments, and for establishing collaboration between experts from different fields.

A classic in underwater robotics. One of the first volumes in the "Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics" series, it has been a bestseller through the previous three editions. Fifteen years after the publication of the first edition, the fourth edition comes to print. The book addresses the main control aspects in underwater manipulation tasks. With respect to the third edition, it has been revised, extended and some concepts better clustered. The mathematical model with significant impact on the control strategy is discussed. The problem of controlling a 6-degrees-of-freedoms autonomous underwater vehicle is investigated and a survey of fault detection/tolerant strategies for unmanned underwater vehicles is provided. Inverse kinematics, dynamic and interaction control for underwater vehicle-manipulator systems are then discussed. The code used to generate most of the numerical simulations is made available and briefly discussed.

This is the fifth volume of a sub series on Road Vehicle Automation published within the Lecture Notes in Mobility. Like in previous editions, scholars, engineers and analysts from all around the world have contributed chapters covering human factors, ethical, legal, energy and technology aspects related to automated vehicles, as well as transportation infrastructure and public planning. The book is based on the Automated Vehicles Symposium which was hosted by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) and the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in San Francisco, California (USA) in July 2017.

This book puts forward a modern classification theory for superconducting gap nodes, whose structures can be observed by experiments and are essential for understanding unconventional superconductivity. In the first part of the book, the classification method, based on group theory and K theory, is introduced in a step-by-step, pedagogical way. In turn, the latter part presents comprehensive classification tables, which include various nontrivial gap (node) structures, which are not predicted by the Sigrist-Ueda method, but are by the new method. The results obtained here show that crystal symmetry and/or angular momentum impose critical constraints on the superconducting gap structures. Lastly, the book lists a range of candidate superconductors for the nontrivial gap nodes. The classification methods and tables presented here offer an essential basis for further investigations into unconventional superconductivity. They indicate that previous experimental studies should be reinterpreted, while future experiments should reflect the new excitation spectrum.

This book discusses the realization and control problems of finite-dimensional dynamical systems which contain linear and nonlinear systems. The author focuses on algebraic methods for the discussion of control problems of linear and non-linear dynamical systems. The book contains detailed examples to showcase the effectiveness of the presented method. The target audience comprises primarily research experts in the field of control theory, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students alike.

This book comprises the peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing and VLSI (IC2SV) 2019. It explores the recent advances in the fields of signal and image processing, wireless and mobile communications, embedded systems, VLSI, microwave, and antennas. The contents provide insights into present technological challenges and discusses the emerging applications of different imaging techniques and communications systems. Given the range of topics covered, this book can be useful for students as well as researchers interested in the area of communications, signal processing, and VLSI technologies.

One of The Sunday Times' Business Books of the Year Technology is putting our humanity at risk to an unprecedented degree. This book is not for engineers who write the code or the policy makers who claim they can regulate it. This is a book for you. Because, believe it or not, you are the only one that can fix it. - Mo Gawdat 'From a brilliant mind comes a terrifying prediction' - Tim Ash, bestselling author of Unleash Your Primal Brain Artificial intelligence is smarter than humans. It can process information at lightning speed and remain focused on specific tasks without distraction. AI can see into the future, predicting outcomes and even use sensors to see around physical and virtual corners. So why does AI frequently get it so wrong? The answer is us. Humans design the algorithms that define the way that AI works, and the processed information reflects an imperfect world. Does that mean we are doomed? In Scary Smart, Mo Gawdat, the internationally bestselling author of Solve for Happy, draws on his considerable expertise to answer this question and to show what we can all do now to teach ourselves and our machines how to live better. With more than thirty years' experience working at the cutting-edge of technology and his former role as chief business officer of Google [X], no one is better placed than Mo Gawdat to explain how the Artificial Intelligence of the future works. By 2049 AI will be a billion times more intelligent than humans. Scary Smart explains how to fix the current trajectory now, to make sure that the AI of the future can preserve our species. This book offers a blueprint, pointing the way to what we can do to safeguard ourselves, those we love and the planet itself.

The book is a compilation of best papers presented at International Conference on Recent Advancement in Computer and Communication (ICRAC 2017) organized by IMPLab Research and Innovation Foundation, Bhopal, India. The book covers all aspects of computers and communication techniques including pervasive computing, distributed computing, cloud computing, sensor and adhoc network, image, text and speech processing, pattern recognition and pattern analysis, digital signal processing, digital electronics, telecommunication technologies, robotics, VLSI technologies, embedded system, satellite communication, digital signal processing, and digital communication. The papers included are original research works of experts from industry, government centers and academic institutions; experienced in engineering, design and research.

Since overall circuit performance has depended primarily on transistor properties, previous efforts to enhance circuit and system speed were focused on transistors as well. During the last decade, however, the parasitic resistance, capacitance, and inductance associated with interconnections began to influence circuit performance and will be the primary factors in the evolution of nanoscale ULSI technology. Because metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration of bulk copper (Cu) are better than aluminum, use of copper and low-k materials is now prevalent in the international microelectronics industry. As the feature size of the Cu-lines forming interconnects is scaled, resistivity of the lines increases. At the same time electromigration and stress-induced voids due to increased current density become significant reliability issues. Although copper/low-k technology has become fairly mature, there is no single book available on the promise and challenges of these next-generation technologies. In this book, a leader in the field describes advanced laser systems with lower radiation wavelengths, photolithography materials, and mathematical modeling approaches to address the challenges of Cu-interconnect technology.

This book describes a variety of test generation algorithms for testing crosstalk delay faults in VLSI circuits. It introduces readers to the various crosstalk effects and describes both deterministic and simulation-based methods for testing crosstalk delay faults. The book begins with a focus on currently available crosstalk delay models, test generation algorithms for delay faults and crosstalk delay faults, before moving on to deterministic algorithms and simulation-based algorithms used to test crosstalk delay faults. Given its depth of coverage, the book will be of interest to design engineers and researchers in the field of VLSI Testing.

This book covers ALL aspects of projected capacitive touch sensors including basic principles, the physics of PCAP, capacitance measurements, touch sensor materials and construction, electrical noise, software drivers, and testing. It is targeted at working engineers who are implementing touch into their products as well as anyone else with an interest in how touch screens work. * Offers readers the first book on the use of projected capacitive (PCAP) touch technology for touch screens; * Explains not only how PCAP touch works, but also addresses the implementation details an engineer needs when incorporating PCAP into their product; * Includes explanations of different cover lens materials, cover lens coatings, software drivers, touch testing, and many other areas of general knowledge that would be useful to a design engineer.