This book explains the essentials of fractional calculus and demonstrates its application in control system modeling, analysis and design. It presents original research to find high-precision solutions to fractional-order differentiations and differential equations. Numerical algorithms and their implementations are proposed to analyze multivariable fractional-order control systems. Through high-quality MATLAB programs, it provides engineers and applied mathematicians with theoretical and numerical tools to design control systems. Contents Introduction to fractional calculus and fractional-order control Mathematical prerequisites Definitions and computation algorithms of fractional-order derivatives and Integrals Solutions of linear fractional-order differential equations Approximation of fractional-order operators Modelling and analysis of multivariable fractional-order transfer function Matrices State space modelling and analysis of linear fractional-order Systems Numerical solutions of nonlinear fractional-order differential Equations Design of fractional-order PID controllers Frequency domain controller design for multivariable fractional-order Systems Inverse Laplace transforms involving fractional and irrational Operations FOTF Toolbox functions and models Benchmark problems for the assessment of fractional-order differential equation algorithms

This book offers a detailed description of the histogram probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracker (H-PMHT), providing an accessible and intuitive introduction to the mathematical mechanics of H-PMHT as well as a definitive reference source for the existing literature on the method. Beginning with basic concepts, the authors then move on to address extensions of the method to a broad class of tracking problems. The latter chapters present applications using recorded data from experimental radar, sonar and video sensor systems. The book is supplemented with software that both furthers readers' understanding and acts as a toolkit for those who wish to apply the methods to their own problems.

Volume I: A low-dimensional magnet is key to the next-generation of electronic devices. In some aspects, low dimensional magnets refer to nanostructured magnets or single-molecule magnets. They are widely used in biomedicine, technology, industries, and environmental remediation. Emerging Applications of Low Dimensional Magnets covers current state-of-the-art progress in ferromagnetic materials, experimental studies of nanomaterials-based spintronics, and directions for future approaches, applications, and devices. Experts from a variety of areas such as biomedical engineering, materials science, nanotechnology, and electronic engineering have contributed to this handbook making it the most up-to-date and interdisciplinary reference of its kind in the field of low dimensional magnets. Volume II: Low-dimensional magnetic materials find their wide applications in many areas, including spintronics, memory devices, catalysis, biomedical, sensors, electromagnetic shielding, aerospace, and energy. This book provides a comprehensive discussion on magnetic nanomaterials for emerging applications. Fundamentals along with applications of low-dimensional magnetic materials in spintronics, catalysis, memory, biomedicals, toxic waste removal, aerospace, telecommunications, batteries, supercapacitors, flexible electronics, and many more are covered in detail to provide a full spectrum of their advanced applications. This book offers fresh aspects of nanomagnetic materials and innovative directions to scientists, researchers, and students. It will be of particular interest to materials scientists, engineers, physicists, chemists, and researchers in electronic and spintronic industries, and is suitable as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate studies.

This book gathers selected papers presented at the conference "Advances in 3D Image and Graphics Representation, Analysis, Computing and Information Technology," one of the first initiatives devoted to the problems of 3D imaging in all contemporary scientific and application areas. The aim of the conference was to establish a platform for experts to combine their efforts and share their ideas in the related areas in order to promote and accelerate future development. This second volume discusses algorithms and applications, focusing mainly on the following topics: 3D printing technologies; naked, dynamic and auxiliary 3D displays; VR/AR/MR devices; VR camera technologies; microprocessors for 3D data processing; advanced 3D computing systems; 3D data-storage technologies; 3D data networks and technologies; 3D data intelligent processing; 3D data cryptography and security; 3D visual quality estimation and measurement; and 3D decision support and information systems.

This book describes for readers various technical outcomes from the EU-project IoSense. The authors discuss sensor integration, including LEDs, dust sensors, LIDAR for automotive driving and 8 more, demonstrating their use in simulations for the design and fabrication of sensor systems. Readers will benefit from the coverage of topics such as sensor technologies for both discrete and integrated innovative sensor devices, suitable for high volume production, electrical, mechanical, security and software resources for integration of sensor system components into IoT systems and IoT-enabling systems, and IoT sensor system reliability. Describes from component to system level simulation, how to use the available simulation techniques for reaching a proper design with good performance; Explains how to use simulation techniques such as Finite Elements, Multi-body, Dynamic, stochastics and many more in the virtual design of sensor systems; Demonstrates the integration of several sensor solutions (thermal, dust, occupancy, distance, awareness and more) into large-scale system solutions in several industrial domains (Lighting, automotive, transport and more); Includes state-of-the-art simulation techniques, both multi-scale and multi-physics, for use in the electronic industry.

This book presents a collection of papers on recent advances in problems concerning dynamics, optimal control and optimization. In many chapters, computational techniques play a central role. Set-oriented techniques feature prominently throughout the book, yielding state-of-the-art algorithms for computing general invariant sets, constructing globally optimal controllers and solving multi-objective optimization problems.

Most physical systems lose or gain stability through bifurcation behavior. This book explains a series of experimentally found bifurcation phenomena by means of the methods of static bifurcation theory.

Based on the design theory and development experience of Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS), this book highlights the space segment and the related satellite technologies as well as satellite-ground integration design from the perspective of engineering. The satellite navigation technology in this book is divided into uplink and reception technology, broadcasting link technology, inter-satellite link technology, time-frequency system technology, navigation signal generation and assessment technology, navigation information management technology, autonomous operation technology of navigation satellite. In closing, the book introduces readers to the technological development status and trend of BDS and other GNSS, and propose the technologies of future development. Unlike most current books on this topic, which largely concentrate on principles, receiver design or applications, the book also features substantial information on the role of satellite system in the GNSS and the process of signal information flow, and each chapter not only studies on the theoretical function and main technologies, but also focuses on engineering development. Accordingly, readers will gain not only a better understanding of navigation satellite systems as a whole, but also of their main components and key technologies.

This book consists of select proceedings of the International Conference on Functional Material, Manufacturing and Performances (ICFMMP) 2019, and presents latest research on using the combined intelligence of people, processes, and machines to impact the overall economics of manufacturing. The book focuses on optimizing manufacturing resources, improving business value and safety, and reducing waste - both on the floor and in back-office operations. It highlights the applications of the latest manufacturing execution system (MES), intelligent devices, machine-to-machine communication, and data analysis for the production lines and facilities. This book will be useful to manufacturers of finished goods and of sub-assemblies in the automotive, agriculture, and construction equipment sector. It will also provide solutions to make production strategies exceptional and can be a useful reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in intelligent manufacturing technologies.

Radio Frequency and Microwave Power Amplifiers are finding an increasingly broad range of applications, particularly in communications and broadcasting, but also in the industrial, medical, automotive, aviation, military, and sensing fields. Each application has its own design specifications, for example, high linearity in modern communication systems or high efficiency in broadcasting, and, depending on process technology, capability to operate efficiently at very high frequencies, such as 77 GHz and higher for automotive radars. Advances in design methodologies have practical applications in improving gain, power output, bandwidth, power efficiency, linearity, input and output impedance matching, and heat dissipation. This essential reference presented in two volumes aims to provide comprehensive, state-of-the-art coverage of RF and microwave power amplifier design with in-depth descriptions of current and potential future approaches. Volume 1 covers principles, device modeling and matching networks, while volume 2 focuses specifically on efficiency and linearity enhancement techniques. The volumes will be of particular interest to engineers and researchers engaged in RF and microwave amplifier design, and those who are interested in systems incorporating RF and microwave amplifiers.

This book focuses on the design, implementation and applications of embedded systems and advanced industrial controls with microcontrollers. It combines classical and modern control theories as well as practical control programming codes to help readers learn control techniques easily and effectively. The book covers both linear and nonlinear control techniques to help readers understand modern control strategies. The author provides a detailed description of the practical considerations and applications in linear and nonlinear control systems. They concentrate on the ARM (R) Cortex (R)-M4 MCU system built by Texas Instruments (TM) called TM4C123GXL, in which two ARM (R) Cortex (R)-M4 MCUs, TM4C123GH6PM, are utilized. In order to help the reader develop and build application control software for a specified microcontroller unit. Readers can quickly develop and build their applications by using sample project codes provided in the book to access specified peripherals. The book enables readers to transfer from one interfacing protocol to another, even if they only have basic and fundamental understanding and basic knowledge of one interfacing function. Classical and Modern Controls with Microcontrollers is a powerful source of information for control and systems engineers looking to expand their programming knowledge of C, and of applications of embedded systems with microcontrollers. The book is a textbook for college students majored in CE, EE and ISE to learn and study classical and modern control technologies. The book can also be adopted as a reference book for professional programmers working in modern control fields or related to intelligent controls and embedded computing and applications. Advances in Industrial Control reports and encourages the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.

This hands-on, laboratory driven textbook helps readers understand principles of digital signal processing (DSP) and basics of software-based digital communication, particularly software-defined networks (SDN) and software-defined radio (SDR). In the book only the most important concepts are presented. Each book chapter is an introduction to computer laboratory and is accompanied by complete laboratory exercises and ready-to-go Matlab programs with figures and comments (available at the book webpage and running also in GNU Octave 5.2 with free software packages), showing all or most details of relevant algorithms. Students are tasked to understand programs, modify them, and apply presented concepts to recorded real RF signal or simulated received signals, with modelled transmission condition and hardware imperfections. Teaching is done by showing examples and their modifications to different real-world telecommunication-like applications. The book consists of three parts: introduction to DSP (spectral analysis and digital filtering), introduction to DSP advanced topics (multi-rate, adaptive, model-based and multimedia - speech, audio, video - signal analysis and processing) and introduction to software-defined modern telecommunication systems (SDR technology, analog and digital modulations, single- and multi-carrier systems, channel estimation and correction as well as synchronization issues). Many real signals are processed in the book, in the first part - mainly speech and audio, while in the second part - mainly RF recordings taken from RTL-SDR USB stick and ADALM-PLUTO module, for example captured IQ data of VOR avionics signal, classical FM radio with RDS, digital DAB/DAB+ radio and 4G-LTE digital telephony. Additionally, modelling and simulation of some transmission scenarios are tested in software in the book, in particular TETRA, ADSL and 5G signals. Provides an introduction to digital signal processing and software-based digital communication; Presents a transition from digital signal processing to software-defined telecommunication; Features a suite of pedagogical materials including a laboratory test-bed and computer exercises/experiments .

This thesis presents pioneering work in the relatively new field of focused ion beam (FIB) sculpting of single crystals to produce bespoke devices and enable the investigation of physics that cannot be studied in bulk samples. It begins with a comprehensive and didactic account of how to achieve this sculpting, revealing the 'tricks of the trade' of state-of-the-art FIB microstructuring. In subsequent chapters, the author presents ground-breaking results obtained from microstructures of the delafossite oxide metal PdCoO2 and the heavy fermion superconductor CeIrIn5. In these elegant, forefront experiments, a new form of directional ballistic transport in the ultra-pure delafossites is described and explained. Furthermore, a new way to spatially modulate superconductivity induced by strain is demonstrated with electrical transport measurements that agree well with predictions based on thermoelastic finite element simulations.

This open access book presents theoretical framework and sample applications of variant construction. The first part includes the components variant logic, variant measurements, and variant maps, while the second part covers sample applications such as variation with functions, variant stream ciphers, quantum interference, classical/quantum random sequences, whole DNA sequences, and multiple-valued pulse sequences. Addressing topics ranging from logic and measuring foundation to typical applications and including various illustrated maps, it is a valuable guide for theoretical researchers in discrete mathematics; computing-, quantum- and communication scientists; big data engineers; as well as graduate and upper undergraduate students.

This book reports on the design, synthesis and characterization of new small molecule electron acceptors for polymer solar cells. Starting with a detailed introduction to the science behind polymer solar cells, the author then goes on to review the challenges and advances made in developing non-fullerene acceptors so far. In the main body of the book, the author describes the design principles and synthetic strategy for a new family of acceptors, including detailed synthetic procedures and molecular modeling data used to predict physical properties. An indepth characterization of the photovoltaic performance, with transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), photo-induced charge extraction, and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) is also included, and the author uses this data to relate material properties and device performance. This book provides a useful overview for researchers beginning a project in this or related areas.

This book brings together selective and specific chapters on nanoscale carbon and applications, thus making it unique due to its thematic content. It provides access to the contemporary developments in carbon nanomaterial research in electronic applications. Written by professionals with thorough expertise in similar broad area, the book is intended to address multiple aspects of carbon research in a single compiled edition. It targets professors, scientists and researchers belonging to the areas of physics, chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine, and working on theory, experiment and applications of carbon nanomaterials.

This book reflects the latest research trends, methods and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, Communication Technology, Automatic Control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry, and the government will also explore an insight view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on rail transportation, electrical and information technologies.

This book presents cutting-edge research on various ways to bridge the semantic gap in image and video analysis. The respective chapters address different stages of image processing, revealing that the first step is a future extraction, the second is a segmentation process, the third is object recognition, and the fourth and last involve the semantic interpretation of the image. The semantic gap is a challenging area of research, and describes the difference between low-level features extracted from the image and the high-level semantic meanings that people can derive from the image. The result greatly depends on lower level vision techniques, such as feature selection, segmentation, object recognition, and so on. The use of deep models has freed humans from manually selecting and extracting the set of features. Deep learning does this automatically, developing more abstract features at the successive levels. The book offers a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, students and professors in Computer Engineering, Computer Science and related fields whose work involves images, video analysis, image interpretation and so on.

This book provides a single-source reference to the state-of-the-art in logic synthesis. Readers will benefit from the authors' expert perspectives on new technologies and logic synthesis, new data structures, big data and logic synthesis, and convergent logic synthesis. The authors describe techniques that will enable readers to take advantage of recent advances in big data techniques and frameworks in order to have better logic synthesis algorithms.

This is the proceedings of ARK 2018, the 16th International Symposium on Advances in Robot Kinematics, that was organized by the Group of Robotics, Automation and Biomechanics (GRAB) from the University of Bologna, Italy. ARK are international symposia of the highest level organized every two years since 1988. ARK provides a forum for researchers working in robot kinematics and stimulates new directions of research by forging links between robot kinematics and other areas.The main topics of the symposium of 2018 were: kinematic analysis of robots, robot modeling and simulation, kinematic design of robots, kinematics in robot control, theories and methods in kinematics, singularity analysis, kinematic problems in parallel robots, redundant robots, cable robots, over-constrained linkages, kinematics in biological systems, humanoid robots and humanoid subsystems.

< p=""> This highly informative and carefully presented book focuses on the fields of ergonomics/human factors and discusses the future of the community vis-a-vis health problems, productivity, aging, etc. Ergonomic intercession must be seen in light of its effect on productivity because ergonomic solutions will improve productivity as the reduction of environmental stressors, awkward postures and efforts lead to a reduction in task execution time. The book provides promising evidence that the field of ergonomics continues to thrive and develop deeper insights into how work environments, products and systems can be developed to meet needs, demands and limitations of humans and how they can support productivity improvements. Some of the themes covered are anthropometry and workplace design, biomechanics and modelling in ergonomics, cognitive and environmental ergonomics, ergonomic intervention and productivity, ergonomics in transport, mining, agriculture and forestry, health systems, work physiology and sports ergonomics, etc. This book is beneficial to academicians, policymakers and the industry alike. ^

This book integrates analytical and digital solutions through Alternative Transients Program (ATP) software, recognized for its use all over the world in academia and in the electric power industry, utilizing a didactic approach appropriate for graduate students and industry professionals alike. This book presents an approach to solving singular-function differential equations representing the transient and steady-state dynamics of a circuit in a structured manner, and without the need for physical reasoning to set initial conditions to zero plus (0+). It also provides, for each problem presented, the exact analytical solution as well as the corresponding digital solution through a computer program based on the Electromagnetics Transients Program (EMTP). Of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, as well as industry practitioners, this book fills the gap between classic works in the field of electrical circuits and more advanced works in the field of transients in electrical power systems, facilitating a full understanding of digital and analytical modeling and solution of transients in basic circuits.