VLSI, or Very-Large-Scale-Integration, is the practice of combining billions of transistors to create an integrated circuit. At present, VLSI circuits are realised using CMOS technology. However, the demand for ever smaller, more efficient circuits is now pushing the limits of CMOS. Post-CMOS refers to the possible future digital logic technologies beyond the CMOS scaling limits. This 2-volume set addresses the current state of the art in VLSI technologies and presents potential options for post-CMOS processes. VLSI and Post-CMOS Electronics is a useful reference guide for researchers, engineers and advanced students working in the area of design and modelling of VLSI and post-CMOS devices and their circuits. Volume 1 focuses on design, modelling and simulation, including applications in low voltage and low power VLSI, and post-CMOS devices and circuits. Volume 2 addresses a wide range of devices, circuits and interconnects.

The "Handbook of Thin Film Deposition" is a comprehensive reference focusing on thin film technologies and applications used in the semiconductor industry and the closely related areas of thin film deposition, thin film micro properties, photovoltaic solar energy applications, new materials for memory applications and methods for thin film optical processes. In a major restructuring, this edition of the handbook lays the foundations with an up-to-date treatment of lithography, contamination and yield management, and reliability of thin films. The established physical and chemical deposition processes and technologies are then covered, the last section of the book being devoted to more recent technological developments such as microelectromechanical systems, photovoltaic applications, digital cameras, CCD arrays, and optical thin films.

A practical survey of thin film technologies aimed at engineers and managers involved in all stages of the process: design, fabrication, quality assurance and applications.
Covers core processes and applications in the semiconductor industry and new developments in the photovoltaic and optical thin film industries.
The new edition takes covers the transition taking place in the semiconductor world from Al/SiO2 to copper interconnects with low-k dielectrics.
Written by acknowledged industry experts from key companies in the semiconductor industry including Intel and IBM.
Foreword by Gordon E. Moore, co-founder of Intel and formulator of the renowned Moore s Law relating to the technology development cycle in the semiconductor industry.
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Microelectronics is a challenging course to many undergraduate students and is often described as very messy.

Written by leading optical phase microscopy experts, this book is a comprehensive reference to phase microscopy and nanoscopy techniques for biomedical applications, including differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, digital holographic microscopy, optical coherence tomography, tomographic phase microscopy, spectral-domain phase detection, and nanoparticle usage for phase nanoscopy

The Editors show biomedical and optical engineers how to use phase microscopy for visualizing unstained specimens, and support the theoretical coverage with applied content and examples on designing systems and interpreting results in bio- and nanoscience applications.
Provides a comprehensive overview of the principles and techniques of optical phase microscopy and nanoscopy with biomedical applications.

Tips/advice on building systems and working with advanced imaging biomedical techniques, including interpretation of phase images, and techniques for quantitative analysis based on phase microscopy.

Interdisciplinary approach that combines optical engineering, nanotechnology, biology and medical aspects of this topic. Each chapterincludes practical implementations and worked examples. "

This book describes a new design approach for energy-efficient, Domain-Specific Instruction set Processor (DSIP) architectures for the wireless baseband domain. The innovative techniques presented enable co-design of algorithms, architectures and technology, for efficient implementation of the most advanced technologies. To demonstrate the feasibility of the author's design approach, case studies are included for crucial functionality of advanced wireless systems with increased computational performance, flexibility and reusability. Designers using this approach will benefit from reduced development/product costs and greater scalability to future process technology nodes.

Advances in research have led to the use of robotics in a range of surgical applications. Medical robotics: Minimally invasive surgery provides authoritative coverage of the core principles, applications and future potential of this enabling technology.
Beginning with an introduction to robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (MIS), the core technologies of the field are discussed, including localization and tracking technologies for medical robotics. Key applications of robotics in laparoscopy, neurology, cardiovascular interventions, urology and orthopaedics are considered, as well as applications for ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery, vitreoretinal surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Microscale mobile robots for the circulatory system and mesoscale robots for the gastrointestinal tract are investigated, as is MRI-based navigation for in vivo magnetic microrobots. Finally, the book concludes with a discussion of ethical issues related to the use of robotics in surgery.
With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Medical robotics: Minimally invasive surgery is a comprehensive guide for all those working in the research, design, development and application of medical robotics for surgery. It also provides an authoritative introduction for academics and medical practitioners working in this field.
Provides authoritative coverage of the core principles, applications and future potential of medical roboticsIntroduces robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (MIS), including the core technologies of the field and localization and tracking technologies for medical roboticsConsiders key applications of robotics in laparoscopy, neurology, cardiovascular interventions, urology and orthopaedics

Technological advances in thermal imaging have had far-reaching impacts on the fields of biology and medicine. By studying the diverse applications in thermal imaging, significant contributions can be made in modern life sciences. Innovative Research in Thermal Imaging for Biology and Medicine is a thorough reference source that offers in-depth discussions on emerging advancements in thermal imaging techniques and provides interdisciplinary perspectives on its diverse applications. Highlighting relevant topics such as microvascular imaging, vascular optics, body cryotherapy, and myofascial trigger points, this publication is ideal for all academicians, graduate students, practitioners, and researchers who are interested in studying the latest advances in thermal imaging as it relates to medicine and biology.

RF and Microwave Module Level Design and Integration presents a thorough introduction to the basic elements of radio frequency (RF) and microwave modules, followed by a discussion of system-level concepts and measures that can be applied to real-world designs. With a strong emphasis on design and integration, the book offers practical solutions to today's commonly encountered challenges in RF and microwave modules, including system integration, network loss reduction techniques, electromagnetic compatibility, crosstalk reduction techniques, computer-aided design tools, system-level modeling methodologies, and system-level performance evaluation via common RF measurements. Several design examples are presented across the book chapters. This book describes techniques for the design and development of today's complex (multi-chip) radio frequency and microwave modules for an audience of engineers in academia and industry, and advanced students focusing on RF and microwave module design and integration.

This book introduces various 3D printing systems, biomaterials, and cells for organ printing. In view of the latest applications of several 3D printing systems, their advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. A basic understanding of the entire spectrum of organ printing provides pragmatic insight into the mechanisms, methods, and applications of this discipline. Organ printing is being applied in the tissue engineering field with the purpose of developing tissue/organ constructs for the regeneration of both hard (bone, cartilage, osteochondral) and soft tissues (heart). There are other potential application areas including tissue/organ models, disease/cancer models, and models for physiology and pathology, where in vitro 3D multicellular structures developed by organ printing are valuable.

Optical biomimetics, the study of natural systems to inspire novel solutions to problems in optical technologies, has attracted growing interest. Optical biomimetics reviews key research in this area, focusing on the techniques and approaches used to characterise and mimic naturally occurring optical effects.
Beginning with an overview of natural photonic structures, Optical biomimetics goes on to discuss optical applications of biomolecules, such as retinylidene and bacteriorhodopsin, polarisation effects in natural photonic structures and their applications, and biomimetic nanostructures for anti-reflection (AR) devices. Control of iridescence in natural photonic structures is explored through the case of butterfly scales, alongside a consideration of nanostructure fabrication using natural synthesis. The investigation into silk optical materials is followed by a final discussion of the control of florescence in natural photonic structures.
With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Optical biomimetics is a valuable guide for scientists and engineers in both academia and industry who are already studying biomimetics, and a fascinating introduction for those who wish to move into this interesting new field.
Reviews key research in optical biomimetics, focusing on the techniques and approaches used to characterise and mimic naturally-occurring optical effectsDiscusses optical applications of biomolecules, such as retinylidene and bacteriorhodopsinExplores the control of iridescence in natural photonic structures through the case of butterfly scales

An authoritative work on Synthetic Aperture Radar system engineering, with key focus on high resolution imaging, moving target indication, and system engineering technology Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a powerful microwave remote sensing technique that is used to create high resolution two or three-dimensional representations of objects, such as landscapes, independent of weather conditions and sunlight illumination. SAR technology is a multidisciplinary field that involves microwave technology, antenna technology, signal processing, and image information processing. The use of SAR technology continues grow at a rapid pace in a variety of applications such as high-resolution wide-swath observation, multi-azimuth information acquisition, high-temporal information acquisition, 3-D terrain mapping, and image quality improvement. Design Technology of Synthetic Aperture Radar provides detailed coverage of the fundamental concepts, theories, technology, and design of SAR systems and sub-systems. Supported by the author's over two decades of research and practice experience in the field, this in-depth volume systematically describes SAR design and presents the latest research developments. Providing examination of all topics relevant to SAR--from radar and antenna system design to receiver technology and signal and image information processing--this comprehensive resource: Provides wide-ranging, up-to-date examination of all major topics related to SAR science, systems, and software Includes guidelines to conduct grounding system designs and analysis Offers coverage of all SAR algorithm classes and detailed SAR algorithms suitable for enabling software implementations Surveys SAR and computed imaging literature of the last sixty years Emphasizes high resolution imaging, moving target indication, and system engineering Design Technology of Synthetic Aperture Radar is indispensable for graduate students majoring in SAR system design, microwave antenna, signal and information processing as well as engineers and technicians involved in SAR system techniques.

"Semiconductors and Semimetals" has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. Originally widely known as the "Willardson and Beer" Series, it has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. The series publishes timely, highly relevant volumes intended for long-term impact and reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field. The volumes in "Semiconductors and Semimetals" have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in academia, scientific laboratories and modern industry.
The series publishes timely, highly relevant volumes intended for long-term impact and reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field.

This special volume of "Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics "details the current theory, experiments, and applications of neutron and x-ray optics and microscopy for an international readership across varying backgrounds and disciplines. Edited by Dr. Ted Cremer, these volumes attempt to provide rapid assimilation of the presented topics that include neutron and x-ray scatter, refraction, diffraction, and reflection and their potential application.
Key features:

* Contributions from leading authorities * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

From science fiction death rays to supermarket scanners, lasers have become deeply embedded in our daily lives and our culture. But in recent decades the standard laser beam has evolved into an array of more specialized light beams with a variety of strange and counterintuitive properties. Some of them have the ability to reconstruct themselves after disruption by an obstacle, while others can bend in complicated shapes or rotate like a corkscrew. These unusual optical effects open new and exciting possibilities for science and technology. For example, they make possible microscopic tractor beams that pull objects toward the source of the light, and they allow the trapping and manipulation of individual molecules to construct specially-tailored nanostructures for engineering or medical use. It has even been found that beams of light can produce lines of darkness that can be tied in knots. This book is an introductory survey of these specialized light beams and their scientific applications, at a level suitable for undergraduates with a basic knowledge of optics and quantum mechanics. It provides a unified treatment of the subject, collecting together in textbook form for the first time many topics currently found only in the original research literature.

"Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics "merges two long-running serials--"Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics" and "Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy."

This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.
Key features:

* Contributions from leading authorities * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Quantum Information Processing and Quantum Error Correction is a self-contained, tutorial-based introduction to quantum information, quantum computation, and quantum error-correction. Assuming no knowledge of quantum mechanics and written at an intuitive level suitable for the engineer, the book gives all the essential principles needed to design and implement quantum electronic and photonic circuits. Numerous examples from a wide area of application are given to show how the principles can be implemented in practice.

This book is ideal for the electronics, photonics and computer engineer who requires an easy- to-understand foundation on the principles of quantum information processing and quantum error correction, together with insight into how to develop quantum electronic and photonic circuits.

Readers of this book will be ready for further study in this area, and will be prepared to perform independent research. The reader completed the book will be able design the information processing circuits, stabilizer codes, Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes, subsystem codes, topological codes and entanglement-assisted quantum error correction codes; and propose corresponding physical implementation. The reader completed the book will be proficient in quantum fault-tolerant design as well.

Unique Features

Unique in covering both quantum information processing and quantum error correction - everything in one book that an engineer needs to understand and implement quantum-level circuits.

Gives an intuitive understanding by not assuming knowledge of quantum mechanics, thereby avoiding heavy mathematics.

In-depth coverage of the design and implementation of quantum information processing and quantum error correction circuits.

Provides the right balance among the quantum mechanics, quantum error correction, quantum computing and quantum communication.

Dr. Djordjevic is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of College of Engineering, University of Arizona, with a joint appointment in the College of Optical Sciences. Prior to this appointment in August 2006, he was with University of Arizona, Tucson, USA (as a Research Assistant Professor); University of the West of England, Bristol, UK; University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Tyco Telecommunications, Eatontown, USA; and National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece. His current research interests include optical networks, error control coding, constrained coding, coded modulation, turbo equalization, OFDM applications, and quantum error correction. He presently directs the Optical Communications Systems Laboratory (OCSL) within the ECE Department at the University of Arizona.
Provides everything an engineer needs in one tutorial-based introduction to understand and implement quantum-level circuitsAvoids the heavy use of mathematics by not assuming the previous knowledge of quantum mechanicsProvides in-depth coverage of the design and implementation of quantum information processing and quantum error correction circuits

Since its inception in 1966, the series of numbered volumes known as "Semiconductors and Semimetals" has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. The "Willardson and Beer" Series, as it is widely known, has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. Not only did many of these volumes make an impact at the time of their publication, but they continue to be well-cited years after their original release. Recently, Professor Eicke R. Weber of the University of California at Berkeley joined as a co-editor of the series. Professor Weber, a well-known expert in the field of semiconductor materials, will further contribute to continuing the series' tradition of publishing timely, highly relevant, and long-impacting volumes. Some of the recent volumes, such as "Hydrogen in Semiconductors, Imperfections in III/V Materials, Epitaxial Microstructures, High-Speed Heterostructure Devices, Oxygen in Silicon, " and others promise that this tradition will be maintained and even expanded. Reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field that the series covers, the volumes in "Semiconductors and Semimetals" have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in modern industry.
Written and edited by internationally renowned expertsRelevant to a wide readership: physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in academia, scientific laboratories and modern industry

CMP and polishing are the most precise processes used to finish the surfaces of mechanical and electronic or semiconductor components. Advances in CMP/Polishing Technologies for Manufacture of Electronic Devices presents the latest developments and technological innovations in the field making cutting-edge R&D accessible to the wider engineering community.

Most of the applications of these processes are kept as confidential as possible (proprietary information), and specific details are not seen in professional or technical journals and magazines. This book makes these processes and applications accessible to a wider industrial and academic audience.

Building on the fundamentals of tribology the science of friction, wear and lubrication the authors explore the practical applications of CMP and polishing across various market sectors. Due to the high pace of development of the electronics and semiconductors industry, many of the presented processes and applications come from these industries.

Demystifies scientific developments and technological innovations, opening them up for new applications and process improvements in the semiconductor industry and other areas of precision engineering

Explores stock removal mechanisms in CMP and polishing, and the challenges involved in predicting the outcomes of abrasive processes in high-precision environments

The authors bring together the latest innovations and research from the USA and Japan"

The manufacturing industry has been optimized in recent years due to the rise of new technologies. These advances have paved the way for the development of intelligent vehicles. Intelligent Vehicles and Materials Transportation in the Manufacturing Sector: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a pivotal source of scholarly research on the various aspects of manufacturing vehicles with intelligent technology components. Including a range of perspectives on topics such as material handling, automated guided vehicles, and industrial robots, this book is ideally designed for engineers, academics, professionals, and practitioners actively involved in the manufacturing sector.

Wireless communications have become invaluable in the modern world. The market is going through a revolutionary transformation as new technologies and standards endeavor to keep up with demand for integrated and low-cost mobile and wireless devices. Due to their ubiquity, there is also a need for a simplification of the design of wireless systems and networks. The Handbook of Research on Advanced Trends in Microwave and Communication Engineering showcases the current trends and approaches in the design and analysis of reconfigurable microwave devices, antennas for wireless applications, and wireless communication technologies. Outlining both theoretical and experimental approaches, this publication brings to light the unique design issues of this emerging research, making it an ideal reference source for engineers, researchers, graduate students, and IT professionals.