Power Converters for Electric Vehicles gives an overview, topology, design, and simulation of different types of converters used in electric vehicles (EV). It covers a wide range of topics ranging from the fundamentals of EV, Hybrid EV and its stepwise approach, simulation of the proposed converters for real-time applications and corresponding experimental results, performance improvement paradigms, and overall analysis. Drawing upon the need for novel converter topologies, this book provides the complete solution for the power converters for EV applications along with simulation exercises and experimental results. It explains the need for power electronics in the improvement of performance in EV. This book: Presents exclusive information on the power electronics of EV including traction drives. Provides step-by-step procedure for converter design. Discusses various topologies having different isolated and non-isolated converters. Describes control circuit design including renewable energy systems and electrical drives. Includes practical case studies incorporated with simulation and experimental results. Power Converters for Electric Vehicles will provide researchers and graduate students in Power Electronics, Electric Drives, Vehicle Engineering a useful resource for stimulating their efforts in this important field of the search for renewable technologies.

This textbook entitled Fundamentals of Perovskite Oxides: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications summarizes the structure, synthesis routes, and potential applications of perovskite oxide materials. Since these perovskite-type ceramic materials offer opportunities in a wide range of fields of science and engineering, the chapters are broadly organized into four sections of perovskite-type oxide materials and technology. Covers recent developments in perovskite oxides Serves as a quick reference of perovskite oxides information Describes novel synthesis routes for nanostructured perovskites Discusses comprehensive details for various crystal structures, synthesis methods, properties, and applications Applies to academic education, scientific research, and industrial R&D for materials research in real-world applications like bioengineering, catalysis, energy conversion, energy storage, environmental engineering, and data storage and sensing This book serves as a handy and practical guideline suitable for students, engineers, and researchers working with advanced ceramic materials.

This reference text provides the theoretical foundations, the emergence, and the application areas of Blockchain in an easy-to-understand manner that would be highly helpful for the researchers, academicians, and industry professionals to understand the disruptive potentials of Blockchain. It explains Blockchain concepts related to Industry 4.0, Smart Healthcare, and the Internet of Things (IoT) and explores Smart Contracts and Consensus algorithms. This book will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer engineering, and information technology. This book * Discusses applications of blockchain technology in diverse sectors such as industry 4.0, education, finance, and supply chain. * Provides theoretical concepts, applications, and research advancements in the field of blockchain. * Covers industry 4.0 digitization platform and blockchain for data management in industry 4.0 in a comprehensive manner. * Emphasizes analysis and design of consensus algorithms, fault tolerance, and strategy to choose the correct consensus algorithm. * Introduces security issues in the industrial internet of things, internet of things, blockchain integration, and blockchain-based applications. The text presents in-depth coverage of theoretical concepts, applications and advances in the field of blockchain technology. This book will be an ideal reference for graduate students and academic researchers in diverse engineering fields such as electrical, electronics and communication, computer, and information technology.

This book offers a systematic presentation of persymmetric adaptive detection, including detector derivations and the definition of key concepts, followed by detailed discussion relating to theoretical underpinnings, design methodology, design considerations, and techniques enabling its practical implementation. The received data for modern radar systems are usually multichannel, namely, vector-valued, or even matrix-valued. Multichannel signal detection in Gaussian backgrounds is a fundamental problem for radar applications. With an overarching focus on persymmetric adaptive detectors, this book presents the mathematical models and design principles necessary for analyzing the behavior of each kind of persymmetric adaptive detector. Building upon that, it also introduces new design approaches and techniques that will guide engineering students as well as radar engineers toward efficient detector solutions, especially in challenging sample-starved environments where training data are limited. This book will be of interest to students, scholars, and engineers in the field of signal processing. It will be especially useful for those who have a solid background in statistical signal processing, multivariate statistical analysis, matrix theory, and mathematical analysis.

Novel perspectives on machine behaviour as it relates to behavioural science. A framework of terminology to empower discussion of AI within behavioural science. A compelling definition of hypernudging developed from AI and behavioural science principles.

Underwater robots play a significant role in ocean exploration. This book provides full coverage of the theoretical and practical aspects of bionic gliding underwater robots, including system design, modeling control, and motion planning. To overcome the inherent shortcomings of traditional underwater robots that can simultaneously lack maneuverability and endurance, a new type of robot, the bionic gliding underwater robot, has attracted much attention from scientists and engineers. On the one hand, by imitating the appearance and swimming mechanisms of natural creatures, bionic gliding underwater robots achieve high maneuverability, swimming efficiency, and strong concealment. On the other hand, borrowing from the buoyancy adjustment systems of underwater gliders, bionic gliding underwater robots can obtain strong endurance, which is significant in practical applications. Taking gliding robotic dolphin and fish as examples, the designed prototypes and proposed methods are discussed, offering valuable insights into the development of next-generation underwater robots that are well suited for various oceanic applications. This book will be of great interest to students and professionals alike in the field of robotics or intelligent control. It will also be a great reference for engineers or technicians who deal with the development of underwater robots.

This first book to cover exclusively and in detail the principles, tools and methods for determining the reliability of microelectromechanical materials, components and devices covers both component materials as well as entire MEMS devices. Divided into two major parts, following a general introductory chapter to reliability issues, the first part looks at the mechanical properties of the materials used in MEMS, explaining in detail the necessary measuring technologies -- nanoindenters, bulge methods, bending tests, tensile tests, and others. Part Two treats the actual devices, organized by important device categories such as pressure sensors, inertial sensors, RF MEMS, and optical MEMS.

This is the first detailed description in English of radiation and polymeric material interaction and the influences of thermal and optical material properties. As such, it provides comprehensive information on material and process characteristics as well as applications regarding plastic laser welding.
The first part of this practical book introduces the structure and physical properties of plastics, before discussing the interaction of material and radiation in the NIR and IR spectral range. This is followed by an overview of the physical foundations of laser radiation and laser sources used for plastic welding. The third part describes the main processes of laser welding thermoplastics, as well as possibilities of process control, design of joint geometry, material compatibilities and adaptation of absorption of plastics to NIR radiation. Finally, the author explains applications of laser welding plastics using several industrial case studies from the automotive industry, household goods, and medical devices.
Tailored to the needs of everyone dealing with laser welding of plastics, especially engineers in packaging, component manufacturing, and the medical industry.

Focussing on micro- and nanoelectronics design and technology, this book provides thorough analysis and demonstration, starting from semiconductor devices to VLSI fabrication, designing (analog and digital), on-chip interconnect modeling culminating with emerging non-silicon/ nano devices. It gives detailed description of both theoretical as well as industry standard HSPICE, Verilog, Cadence simulation based real-time modeling approach with focus on fabrication of bulk and nano-devices. Each chapter of this proposed title starts with a brief introduction of the presented topic and ends with a summary indicating the futuristic aspect including practice questions. Aimed at researchers and senior undergraduate/graduate students in electrical and electronics engineering, microelectronics, nanoelectronics and nanotechnology, this book: Provides broad and comprehensive coverage from Microelectronics to Nanoelectronics including design in analog and digital electronics. Includes HDL, and VLSI design going into the nanoelectronics arena. Discusses devices, circuit analysis, design methodology, and real-time simulation based on industry standard HSPICE tool. Explores emerging devices such as FinFETs, Tunnel FETs (TFETs) and CNTFETs including their circuit co-designing. Covers real time illustration using industry standard Verilog, Cadence and Synopsys simulations.

Integrated circuits, and devices fabricated using the techniques developed for integrated circuits, have steadily gotten smaller, more complex, and more powerful. The rate of shrinking is astonishing - some components are now just a few dozen atoms wide. This book attempts to answer the questions, What comes next? and How do we get there?
Nanolithography outlines the present state of the art in lithographic techniques, including optical projection in both deep and extreme ultraviolet, electron and ion beams, and imprinting. Special attention is paid to related issues, such as the resists used in lithography, the masks (or lack thereof), the metrology needed for nano-features, modeling, and the limitations caused by feature edge roughness. In addition emerging technologies are described, including the directed assembly of wafer features, nanostructures and devices, nano-photonics, and nano-fluidics.
This book is intended as a guide to the researcher new to this field, reading related journals or facing the complexities of a technical conference. Its goal is to give enough background information to enable such a researcher to understand, and appreciate, new developments in nanolithography, and to go on to make advances of his/her own.
Outlines the current state of the art in alternative nanolithography technologies in order to cope with the future reduction in size of semiconductor chips to nanoscale dimensionsCovers lithographic techniques, including optical projection, extreme ultraviolet (EUV), nanoimprint, electron beam and ion beam lithographyDescribes the emerging applications of nanolithography in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics and microfluidics"

Formal Verification: An Essential Toolkit for Modern VLSI Design, Second Edition presents practical approaches for design and validation, with hands-on advice to help working engineers integrate these techniques into their work. Formal Verification (FV) enables a designer to directly analyze and mathematically explore the quality or other aspects of a Register Transfer Level (RTL) design without using simulations. This can reduce time spent validating designs and more quickly reach a final design for manufacturing. Building on a basic knowledge of SystemVerilog, this book demystifies FV and presents the practical applications that are bringing it into mainstream design and validation processes. New sections cover advanced techniques, and a new chapter, The Road To Formal Signoff, emphasizes techniques used when replacing simulation work with Formal Verification. After reading this book, readers will be prepared to introduce FV in their organization to effectively deploy FV techniques that increase design and validation productivity.

-Covers advanced applications of ferromagnetic nanomaterials in various areas. -Provides novel approaches used to induce and tune ferromagnetism in nanomaterials for spintronic devices. - Explores newer nanomaterials including emerging 2D nanomaterials for their wide applications ranging from devices to biomedicals. -Provide new directions to scientists, researchers, and students to better understand the principle, technologies, and applications of nanomagnetism.

The text provides a comprehensive overview of the design aspects of the internet of things devices and covers the fundamentals of big data and data science. It explores various scenarios such as what are the middleware and frameworks available and how to build a stable, standards-based, and Secure internet of things device. It discusses important concepts including embedded programming techniques, machine-to-machine architecture, and the internet of things for smart city applications. It will serve as an ideal design book for professionals, senior undergraduate, and graduate students in the fields including electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, and computer engineering. The book- Covers applications and architecture needed to deliver solutions to end customers and readers. Discusses practical aspects of implementing the internet of things in diverse areas including manufacturing, and software development. Highlights big data concepts and embedded programming techniques. Presents technologies including machine to machine, integrated sensors, and radio-frequency identification. Introduces global system for mobile communication and precise details of standards based on internet of things architecture models. The book focuses on practical design aspects such as how to finalize a processor integrated circuit, which operating system to use, etc. in a single volume. It will serve as an ideal text for professionals, senior undergraduate, and graduate students in diverse engineering domains including electrical, electronics and communication, computer.

This book describes in detail the construction and working principle of a variety of commercially available hysteresis machines. The last part of the book is devoted to a comprehensive study of an experimental hysteresis machine. The contents of this part derive entirely from the experimental and analytical work carried out by the author during his doctoral research at the University of Aston in the UK. The exhaustive range of tests and measurements, obtained by the use of uniquely devised transducers and techniques-many of these having been evolved for the first time-showcase numerous aspects of a hysteresis machine. These relate mainly to the measured waveforms of radial and peripheral flux density in the airgap and active part of the rotor as influenced by the hysteretic properties of the rotor material. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan).

This new volume introduces various VLSI (very-large-scale integration) architecture for DSP filters, speech filters, and image filters, detailing their key applications and discussing different aspects and technologies used in VLSI design, models and architectures, and more. The volume explores the major challenges with the aim to develop real-time hardware architecture designs that are compact and accurate. Knowledge of VLSI is necessary for understanding today’s contemporary hardware prospects of engineering. It is the process of creating an integrated circuit by combining millions of MOS transistors onto a single chip that is needed for handheld portable battery-operated devices that require efficient, errorless, and low-power arithmetic operation. VLSI plays a most important role in the performance of digital systems, digital signal processing (DSP), image processing applications, hardware security, quantum computing, etc. Especially in DSP systems, the algorithms of VLSI have a number of interesting characteristics that can be exploited in the design of the arithmetic circuits so that they can be implemented more efï¬ciently in terms of computation time, chip area, and power consumption. This volume, VLSI Architecture for Signal, Speech, and Image Processing, provides useful research in the field of computer arithmetic and can be applied for various arithmetic circuits, for their digital implementation schemes, and for performance considerations. It covers how computer arithmetic contributes to the era of quantum computing, hardware security, image processing, biomedical engineering, artificial intelligence, neural networks, and stochastic computing. Prepared by leading researchers in the field of computer arithmetic architecture, the state-of-the-art information presented here helps to provide a comprehensive understanding of VLSI for students, faculty, and researchers in computer science, computer engineering, and electrical and electronics engineering. It may be used as a textbook for courses on VLSI as well as a reference book.

Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Structures: Testing, Sensing, Monitoring, and Control covers a wide range of topics in the areas of vibration testing, instrumentation, and analysis of civil engineering and critical infrastructure. It explains how recent research, development, and applications in experimental vibration analysis of civil engineering structures have progressed significantly due to advancements in the fields of sensor and testing technologies, instrumentation, data acquisition systems, computer technology, computational modeling and simulation of large and complex civil infrastructure systems. The book also examines how cutting-edge artificial intelligence and data analytics can be applied to infrastructure systems. Features: Explains how recent technological developments have resulted in addressing the challenge of designing more resilient infrastructure Examines numerous research studies conducted by leading scholars in the field of infrastructure systems and civil engineering Presents the most emergent fields of civil engineering design, such as data analytics and Artificial Intelligence for the analysis and performance assessment of infrastructure systems and their resilience Emphasizes the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to develop the modeling, analysis, and experimental tools for designing more resilient and intelligent infrastructures Appropriate for practicing engineers and upper-level students, Experimental Vibration Analysis for Civil Structures: Testing, Sensing, Monitoring, and Control serves as a strategic roadmap for further research in the field of vibration testing and instrumentation of infrastructure systems.

Semiconductor gas sensors have a wide range of applications in safety, process control, environmental monitoring, indoor or cabin air quality and medical diagnosis. This important book summarises recent research on basic principles, new materials and emerging technologies in this essential field.
The first part of the book reviews the underlying principles and sensing mechanisms for n- and p-type oxide semiconductors, introduces the theory for nanosize materials and describes the role of electrode-semiconductor interfaces. The second part of the book describes recent developments in silicon carbide- and graphene-based gas sensors, wide bandgap semiconductor gas sensors and micromachined and direct thermoelectric gas sensors. Part 3 discusses the use of nanomaterials for gas sensing, including metal oxide nanostructures, quantum dots, single-alled carbon nanotubes and porous silicon. The final part of the book surveys key applications in environmental monitoring, detecting chemical warfare agents and monitoring gases such as carbon dioxide.
Semiconductor gas sensors is a valuable reference work for all those involved in gas monitoring, including those in the building industry, environmental engineers, defence and security specialists and researchers in this field.
Provides an overview of resistor and non-resistor sensorsReviews developments in gas sensors and sensing methods, including graphene based sensors and direct thermoelectric sensorsDiscusses the use of nanomaterials in gas sensing

2D Materials for Infrared and Terahertz Detectors provides an overview of the performance of emerging detector materials, while also offering, for the first time, a comparison with traditional materials used in the fabrication of infrared and terahertz detectors. Since the discovery of graphene, its applications to electronic and optoelectronic devices have been intensively researched. The extraordinary electronic and optical properties allow graphene and other 2D materials to be promising candidates for infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) photodetectors, and yet it appears that the development of new detectors using these materials is still secondary to those using traditional materials. This book explores this phenomenon, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using 2D materials. Special attention is directed toward the identification of the most-effective hybrid 2D materials in infrared and terahertz detectors, as well as future trends. Written by one of the world's leading researchers in the field of IR optoelectronics, this book will be a must-read for researchers and graduate students in photodetectors and related fields. Features * Offers a comprehensive overview of the different types of 2D materials used in fabrication of IR and THz detectors, and includes their advantages/disadvantages * The first book to compare new detectors to a wide family of common, commercially available detectors that use traditional materials.

The incessant scaling of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology has resulted in significant performance improvements in very-large-scale integration (VLSI) design techniques and system architectures. This trend is expected to continue in the future, but this requires breakthroughs in the design of nano-CMOS and post-CMOS technologies. Nanoelectronics refers to the possible future technologies beyond conventional CMOS scaling limits. This volume addresses the current state-of-the-art nanoelectronic technologies and presents potential options for next-generation integrated circuits. Nanoelectronics for Next-generation Integrated Circuits is a useful reference guide for researchers, engineers, and advanced students working on the frontier of the design and modeling of nanoelectronic devices and their integration aspects with future CMOS circuits. This comprehensive volume eloquently presents the design methodologies for spintronics memories, quantum-dot cellular automata, and post-CMOS FETs, including applications in emerging integrated circuit technologies.

Printed antennas have become an integral part of next-generation wireless communications and have been found to be commonly used to improve system capacity, data rate, reliability, etc. This book covers theory, design techniques, and the chronological regression of the printed antennas for various applications. This book will provide readers with the basic conceptual knowledge about antennas along with advanced techniques for antenna design. It covers a variety of analytical techniques and their CAD applications and discusses new applications of printed antenna technology such as sensing. The authors also present special reconfigurable antennas such as ME dipole, polarization, feeding, and DGS. The book will be useful to students as an introduction to design and applications of antennas. Additionally, experienced researchers in this field will find this book a ready reference and benefit from the techniques of research in printed antennas included in this book. Following are some of the salient features of this book: Covers a variety of analytical techniques and their CAD applications Discusses new applications of printed antenna technology such as sensing Examines the state of design techniques of printed antenna Presents special reconfigurable antennas such as ME dipole, polarization, feeding, and DGS

This book focuses on seven commonly used image analysis techniques. It covers aspects from basic principles and practical methods, to new advancement of each selected technique to help readers solve image-processing related problems in real-life situations. The selected techniques include image segmentation, segmentation evaluation and comparison, saliency object detection, motion analysis, mathematical morphology methods, face recognition and expression classification. The author offers readers a three-step strategy toward problem-solving: first, essential principles; then, a detailed explanation; and finally, a discussion on practical and working techniques for specific tasks. He also encourages readers to make full use of available materials from the latest developments and trends. This is an excellent book for those who do not have a complete foundation in image technology but need to use image analysis techniques to perform specific tasks in particular applications.

This new volume, Deep Learning in Visual Computing and Signal Processing, covers the fundamentals and advanced topics in designing and deploying techniques using deep architectures and their application in visual computing and signal processing. The volume first lays out the fundamentals of deep learning as well as deep learning architectures and frameworks. It goes on to discuss deep learning in neural networks and deep learning for object recognition and detection models. It looks at the various specific applications of deep learning in visual and signal processing, such as in biorobotics, for automated brain tumor segmentation in MRI images, in neural networks for use in seizure classification, for digital forensic investigation based on deep learning, and more. Key features: Covers both the fundamentals and the latest concepts in deep learning Presents some of the diverse applications of deep learning in visual computing and signal processing Includes over 90 figures and tables to elucidate the text An enlightening amalgamation of deep learning concepts with visual computing and signal processing applications, this valuable resource will serve as a guide for researchers, engineers, and students who want to have a quick start on learning and/or building deep learning systems. It provides a good theoretical and practical understanding and complete information and knowledge required to understand and build deep learning models from scratch.

Harnessing the Internet of Things (IoT) for Hyper-Connected Smart World explores a multitude of diverse IoT applications that provide advanced solutions for real-world problems. IoT offers tremendous potential to incorporate data-driven decision-making into every aspect of human activity, and this volume explores its use in agriculture, education, worker safety, health care, energy harvesting, and more. In addition, several chapters explore ways to improve and maintain higher performance in IoT. The diverse selection of topics addressed in the book include network on chip (NoC) as the new paradigm for system on chip (SoC) integration for maintaining high performance for IoT applications; new router designs to increase speed; the challenges of wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), which have a wide range of applications in military, underground sensing, testing soil traits and moisture content, pollution control and location detection, security, and detection of natural calamities. Various state-of-the-art techniques such as optimization schemes, blockchain, machine learning (ML), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), etc., are also discussed in the context of cognitive IoT. The volume elucidates on the uses of IoT in agriculture, discussing challenges along with solutions with the help of the latest technical smart tools to uplift the farming community, specifically IoT applications for information gathering to improve yield productivity, food and crop quality and sustainability, monitoring toxic substances and soil properties, etc. The book also covers a broad spectrum of IoT applications in the educational industry along with the challenges associated with them and how to facilitate the use of smart classroom technology. A chapter on IoT in the health care industry presents an IoT-based GPS-enabled smart jacket design comprised of smart sensors to monitor heart rate, sugar level, blood pressure, fever, and stress level. The authors also present an IoT-based Peltier air conditioner design that overcomes the limitations existing HVAC framework, a comprehensive review of various energy harvesting techniques to generate electrical power from nonconventional power sources with their merits and demerits, and much more. The book showcases the many ways that IoT can be employed for improvement in many areas of contemporary life. It will appeal to advanced students, practitioners, and researchers working in the field of IoT to integrate IoT with other technologies to develop comprehensive solutions to real-life problems.

Human Action Recognition is a challenging area presently. The vigor of research effort directed towards this domain is self indicative of this. With the ever-increasing involvement of Computational Intelligence in our day to day applications, the necessity of human activity recognition has been able to make its presence felt to the concerned research community. The primary drive of such an effort is to equip the computing system capable of recognizing and interpreting human activities from posture, pose, gesture, facial expression etc. The intent of human activity recognition is a formidable component of cognitive science in which researchers are actively engaged of late. Features: A systematic overview of the state-of-the-art in computational intelligence techniques for human action recognition. Emphasized on different intelligent techniques to recognize different human actions. Discussed about the automation techniques to handle human action recognition. Recent research results and some pointers to future advancements in this arena. In the present endeavour the editors intend to come out with a compilation that reflects the concerns of relevant research community. The readers would be able to come across some of the latest findings of active researchers of the concerned field. It is anticipated that this treatise shall be useful to the readership encompassing students at undergraduate and postgraduate level, researchers active as well as aspiring, not to speak of the senior researchers.

SDN-Supported Edge-Cloud Interplay for Next Generation Internet of Things is an invaluable resource coveringa wide range of research directions in the field of edge-cloud computing, SDN, and IoT. The integration of SDN in edge-cloud interplay is a promising framework for enhancing the QoS for complex IoT-driven applications. The interplay between cloud and edge solves some of the major challenges that arise in traditional IoT architecture. This book is a starting point for those involved in this research domain and explores a range of significant issues including network congestion, traffic management, latency, QoS, scalability, security, and controller placement problems. Features: The book covers emerging trends, issues and solutions in the direction of Edge-cloud interplay It highlights the research advances in on SDN, edge, and IoT architecture for smart cities, and software-defined internet of vehicles It includes detailed discussion has made of performance evaluations of SDN controllers, scalable software-defined edge computing, and AI for edge computing Applications areas include machine learning and deep learning in SDN-supported edge-cloud systems Different use cases covered include smart health care, smart city, internet of drones, etc This book is designed for scientific communities including graduate students, academicians, and industry professionals who are interested in exploring technologies related to the internet of things such as cloud, SDN, edge, internet of drones, etc.