Control Theory in Biomedical Engineering: Applications in Physiology and Medical Robotics highlights the importance of control theory and feedback control in our lives and explains how this theory is central to future medical developments. Control theory is fundamental for understanding feedback paths in physiological systems (endocrine system, immune system, neurological system) and a concept for building artificial organs. The book is suitable for graduate students and researchers in the control engineering and biomedical engineering fields, and medical students and practitioners seeking to enhance their understanding of physiological processes, medical robotics (legs, hands, knees), and controlling artificial devices (pacemakers, insulin injection devices). Control theory profoundly impacts the everyday lives of a large part of the human population including the disabled and the elderly who use assistive and rehabilitation robots for improving the quality of their lives and increasing their independence.

Advanced Distributed Consensus for Multiagent Systems contributes to the further development of advanced distributed consensus methods for different classes of multiagent methods. The book expands the field of coordinated multiagent dynamic systems, including discussions on swarms, multi-vehicle and swarm robotics. In addition, it addresses advanced distributed methods for the important topic of multiagent systems, with a goal of providing a high-level treatment of consensus to different versions while preserving systematic analysis of the material and providing an accounting to math development in a unified way. This book is suitable for graduate courses in electrical, mechanical and computer science departments. Consensus control in multiagent systems is becoming increasingly popular among researchers due to its applicability in analyzing and designing coordination behaviors among agents in multiagent frameworks. Multiagent systems have been a fascinating subject amongst researchers as their practical applications span multiple fields ranging from robotics, control theory, systems biology, evolutionary biology, power systems, social and political systems to mention a few.

An in-depth look at the luminescence of phosphor materials for applications in optical devices, sensors, and medical technologies. Optical Properties of Phosphate and Pyrophosphate Compounds gives a broad introduction to pyrophosphates and phosphate-based phosphors, including their fundamental properties, material composition, synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and applications in optical devices and technologies. The text describes the development of the materials' shape and size, as well as crucial characterization techniques for key applications. Additionally, it includes essential information about recently used single and mixed cations pyrophosphate and phosphate compounds. This book is suitable for researchers working in materials science, engineering, materials chemistry, and physics. It may also be helpful to engineers and chemists working in R&D for solid state lighting.

Scientific interest in TiO2-based materials has exponentially grown in the last few decades. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Its Applications introduces the main physicochemical properties of TiO2 which are the basis of its applications in various fields. While the basic principles of the TiO2 properties have been the subject of various previous publications, this book is mainly devoted to TiO2 applications. The book includes contributions written by experts from a wide range of disciplines in order to address titanium dioxide's utilization in energy, consumer, materials, devices, and catalytic applications. The various applications identified include: photocatalysis, catalysis, optics, electronics, energy storage and production, ceramics, pigments, cosmetics, sensors, and heat transfer. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Its Applications is suitable for a wide readership in the disciplines of materials science, chemistry, and engineering in both academia and industry.

Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most common and widely studied conducting polymers due to its excellent electro-chemical and electrical properties and its various applications in areas such as solar cell technologies, drug delivery, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), field-effect transistors (FETs), sensors, electro-chromic display, etc. PANI thin films play an important role in energy storage and conversion devices and show great potential in the supercapacitors owing to their high specific capacitance, high flexibility, and low cost. However, no in-depth information about this emerging PANI thin film technology is available. Properties, Techniques, and Applications of Polyaniline (PANI) Thin Films: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential publication that focuses on high-throughput synthesis of PANI thin films and their characterization techniques. The book also covers promising applications of PANI thin films and applications including solar cells. Featuring research on topics such as solar cells, post-synthesis treatments, and physiochemistry, this book is ideally designed for scientists, industry practitioners, engineers, managers, academicians, researchers, and students seeking coverage in the areas of polymeric applications.

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 216, merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy and the computing methods used in all these domains.

Modelling Methodologies in Analogue Integrated Circuit Design provides a holistic view of modelling for analogue, high frequency, mixed signal, and heterogeneous systems for designers working towards improving efficiency, reducing design times, and addressing the challenges of representing aging, variability, and other technical challenges at the nanometre scale. The book begins by introducing the concept, history, and development of circuit design up to the present day. The first half of the book then covers various modelling methodologies and addresses model accuracy and verification. Modelling approaches are introduced theoretically along with simple examples to demonstrate the concepts. Later chapters approach modelling from the application point of view, including case studies from the vast domain of integrated circuit design. Topics covered include response surface modeling; machine learning; data-driven and physics-based modeling; verification of modelling: metrics and methodologies; an overview of modern, automated analog circuit modeling methods; machine learning techniques for the accurate modeling of integrated inductors for RF applications; modeling of variability and reliability in analog circuits; modeling of pipeline ADC functionality and non-idealities; power systems modelling; case study - an efficient design and layout of a 3D accelerometer by automated synthesis; and sensing schemes for spintronic resistive memories.

Wearable Sensors: Fundamentals, Implementation and Applications has been written by a collection of experts in their field, who each provide you with an understanding of how to design and work with wearable sensors. Together these insights provide the first single source of information on wearable sensors that would be a fantastic addition to the library of any engineers working in this field. Wearable Sensors covers a wide variety of topics associated with development and applications of wearable sensors. It also provides an overview and a coherent summary of many aspects of wearable sensor technology. Both professionals in industries and academic researchers need this package of information in order to learn the overview and each specific technology at the same time. This book includes the most current knowledge on the advancement of light-weight hardware, energy harvesting, signal processing, and wireless communications and networks. Practical problems with smart fabrics, biomonitoring and health informatics are all addressed, plus end user centric design, ethical and safety issues. The new edition is completely reviewed by key figures in the field, who offer authoritative and comprehensive information on the various topics. A new feature for the second edition is the incorporation of key background information on topics to allow the less advanced user access to the field and to make the title more of an auto-didactic book for undergraduates.

Metal Halide Perovskites for Generation, Manipulation and Detection of Light covers the current state and future prospects of lead halide perovskite photonics and photon sources, both from an academic and industrial point-of-view. Advances in metal halide perovskite photon sources (lasers) based on thin films, microcrystals and nanocrystals are comprehensively reviewed, with leading experts contributing current advances in theory, fundamental concepts, fabrication techniques, experiments and other important research innovations. This book is suitable for graduate students, researchers, scientists and engineers in academia and R&D in industry working in the disciplines of materials science and engineering.

Coherent Electron Microscopy: Designing Faster and Brighter Electron Sources, Volume 227 in the Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics series, merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. Chapters in this new release cover Characterization of nanomaterials properties using FE-TEM, Cold field-emission electron sources: From higher brightness to ultrafast beams, Every electron counts: Towards the development of aberration optimized and aberration corrected electron sources, and more. The series features articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy and the computing methods used in all these domains.

Discrete Networked Dynamic Systems: Analysis and Performance provides a high-level treatment of a general class of linear discrete-time dynamic systems interconnected over an information network, exchanging relative state measurements or output measurements. It presents a systematic analysis of the material and provides an account to the math development in a unified way. The topics in this book are structured along four dimensions: Agent, Environment, Interaction, and Organization, while keeping global (system-centered) and local (agent-centered) viewpoints. The focus is on the wide-sense consensus problem in discrete networked dynamic systems. The authors rely heavily on algebraic graph theory and topology to derive their results. It is known that graphs play an important role in the analysis of interactions between multiagent/distributed systems. Graph-theoretic analysis provides insight into how topological interactions play a role in achieving coordination among agents. Numerous types of graphs exist in the literature, depending on the edge set of G. A simple graph has no self-loop or edges. Complete graphs are simple graphs with an edge connecting any pair of vertices. The vertex set in a bipartite graph can be partitioned into disjoint non-empty vertex sets, whereby there is an edge connecting every vertex in one set to every vertex in the other set. Random graphs have fixed vertex sets, but the edge set exhibits stochastic behavior modeled by probability functions. Much of the studies in coordination control are based on deterministic/fixed graphs, switching graphs, and random graphs.

The use of MEMS resonators for signal processing is relatively new and has the potential to change the topology of newer generation circuits. New materials, design and fabrication processes, and integration with conventional circuitry will need to be considered. This book explores the challenges and opportunities of developing circuits with MEMS resonator filters. The replacement of classical electrical components with electromechanical components is explored in this book, and the specific properties of MEMS resonators required in various frequency ranges are discussed. Materials and their selection, CAD tools for system design and the integration of MEMS with CMOS circuitry, and the design, fabrication, testing and packaging of MEMS filters themselves are addressed in detail. Case studies where resonator MEMS have been used as components have been included to encourage readers to consider the practical applications of this technology. MEMS Resonator Filters is essential reading for the analogue circuit designer community, particularly those who are designing circuits for wireless communications, and CMOS technology researchers and engineers who are involved in the fabrication of circuits. Designers of sensors and interfacing circuits will also be interested since resonators are also being used as sensors.

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 215, merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy and the computing methods used in all these domains.

Recent advancements in imaging techniques and image analysis has broadened the horizons for their applications in various domains. Image analysis has become an influential technique in medical image analysis, optical character recognition, geology, remote sensing, and more. However, analysis of images under constrained and unconstrained environments require efficient representation of the data and complex models for accurate interpretation and classification of data. Deep learning methods, with their hierarchical/multilayered architecture, allow the systems to learn complex mathematical models to provide improved performance in the required task. The Handbook of Research on Deep Learning-Based Image Analysis Under Constrained and Unconstrained Environments provides a critical examination of the latest advancements, developments, methods, systems, futuristic approaches, and algorithms for image analysis and addresses its challenges. Highlighting concepts, methods, and tools including convolutional neural networks, edge enhancement, image segmentation, machine learning, and image processing, the book is an essential and comprehensive reference work for engineers, academicians, researchers, and students.

Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Third Edition presents sound coverage of the fundamentals of lightwave technology, along with material on pulse compression techniques and rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers. The book's chapters include information on fiber-optic communication systems and the ultrafast signal processing techniques that make use of nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers. This book is an ideal reference for R&D engineers working on developing next generation optical components, scientists involved with research on fiber amplifiers and lasers, graduate students, and researchers working in the fields of optical communications and quantum information.

Simulation of Software Tools for Electrical Systems: Theory and Practice offers engineers and students what they need to update their understanding of software tools for electric systems, along with guidance on a variety of tools on which to model electrical systems-from device level to system level. The book uses MATLAB, PSIM, Pspice and PSCAD to discuss how to build simulation models of electrical systems that assist in the practice or implementation of simulation software tools in switches, circuits, controllers, instruments and automation system design. In addition, the book covers power electronic switches and FACTS controller device simulation model building with the use of Labview and PLC for industrial automation, process control, monitoring and measurement in electrical systems and hybrid optimization software HOMER is presented for researchers in renewable energy systems.

Nonlinear Optics, Fourth Edition, is a tutorial-based introduction to nonlinear optics that is suitable for graduate-level courses in electrical and electronic engineering, and for electronic and computer engineering departments, physics departments, and as a reference for industry practitioners of nonlinear optics. It will appeal to a wide audience of optics, physics and electrical and electronic engineering students, as well as practitioners in related fields, such as materials science and chemistry.

An accessible guide to how semiconductor electronics work and how they are manufactured, for professionals and interested readers with no electronics engineering background Semiconductor Basics is an accessible guide to how semiconductors work. It is written for readers without an electronic engineering background. Semiconductors are the basis for almost all modern electronic devices. The author--an expert on the topic--explores the fundamental concepts of what a semiconductor is, the different types in use, and how they are different from conductors and insulators. The book has a large number of helpful and illustrative drawings, photos, and figures. The author uses only simple arithmetic to help understand the device operation and applications. The book reviews the key devices that can be constructed using semiconductor materials such as diodes and transistors and all the large electronic systems based on these two component such as computers, memories, LCDs and related technology like Lasers LEDs and infrared detectors. The text also explores integrated circuits and explains how they are fabricated. The author concludes with some projections about what can be expected in the future. This important book: Offers an accessible guide to semiconductors using qualitative explanations and analogies, with minimal mathematics and equations Presents the material in a well-structured and logical format Explores topics from device physics fundamentals to transistor formation and fabrication and the operation of the circuits to build electronic devices and systems Includes information on practical applications of p-n junctions, transistors, and integrated circuits to link theory and practice Written for anyone interested in the technology, working in semiconductor labs or in the semiconductor industry, Semiconductor Basics offers clear explanations about how semiconductors work and its manufacturing process.