Swarm intelligence algorithms are a form of nature-based optimization algorithms. Their main inspiration is the cooperative behavior of animals within specific communities. This can be described as simple behaviors of individuals along with the mechanisms for sharing knowledge between them, resulting in the complex behavior of the entire community. Examples of such behavior can be found in ant colonies, bee swarms, schools of fish or bird flocks. Swarm intelligence algorithms are used to solve difficult optimization problems for which there are no exact solving methods or the use of such methods is impossible, e.g. due to unacceptable computational time. This book thoroughly presents the basics of 24 algorithms selected from the entire family of swarm intelligence algorithms. Each chapter deals with a different algorithm describing it in detail and showing how it works in the form of a pseudo-code. In addition, the source code is provided for each algorithm in Matlab and in the C ++ programming language. In order to better understand how each swarm intelligence algorithm works, a simple numerical example is included in each chapter, which guides the reader step by step through the individual stages of the algorithm, showing all necessary calculations. This book can provide the basics for understanding how swarm intelligence algorithms work, and aid readers in programming these algorithms on their own to solve various computational problems. This book should also be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying nature-based optimization algorithms, and can be a helpful tool for learning the basics of these algorithms efficiently and quickly. In addition, it can be a useful source of knowledge for scientists working in the field of artificial intelligence, as well as for engineers interested in using this type of algorithms in their work. If the reader already has basic knowledge of swarm intelligence algorithms, we recommend the book: "Swarm Intelligence Algorithms: Modifications and Applications" (Edited by A. Slowik, CRC Press, 2020), which describes selected modifications of these algorithms and presents their practical applications.

"A First Course in Machine Learning by Simon Rogers and Mark Girolami is the best introductory book for ML currently available. It combines rigor and precision with accessibility, starts from a detailed explanation of the basic foundations of Bayesian analysis in the simplest of settings, and goes all the way to the frontiers of the subject such as infinite mixture models, GPs, and MCMC." -Devdatt Dubhashi, Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University, Sweden "This textbook manages to be easier to read than other comparable books in the subject while retaining all the rigorous treatment needed. The new chapters put it at the forefront of the field by covering topics that have become mainstream in machine learning over the last decade." -Daniel Barbara, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA "The new edition of A First Course in Machine Learning by Rogers and Girolami is an excellent introduction to the use of statistical methods in machine learning. The book introduces concepts such as mathematical modeling, inference, and prediction, providing 'just in time' the essential background on linear algebra, calculus, and probability theory that the reader needs to understand these concepts." -Daniel Ortiz-Arroyo, Associate Professor, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Denmark "I was impressed by how closely the material aligns with the needs of an introductory course on machine learning, which is its greatest strength...Overall, this is a pragmatic and helpful book, which is well-aligned to the needs of an introductory course and one that I will be looking at for my own students in coming months." -David Clifton, University of Oxford, UK "The first edition of this book was already an excellent introductory text on machine learning for an advanced undergraduate or taught masters level course, or indeed for anybody who wants to learn about an interesting and important field of computer science. The additional chapters of advanced material on Gaussian process, MCMC and mixture modeling provide an ideal basis for practical projects, without disturbing the very clear and readable exposition of the basics contained in the first part of the book." -Gavin Cawley, Senior Lecturer, School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK "This book could be used for junior/senior undergraduate students or first-year graduate students, as well as individuals who want to explore the field of machine learning...The book introduces not only the concepts but the underlying ideas on algorithm implementation from a critical thinking perspective." -Guangzhi Qu, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA

The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Program is a cooperative effort by government, private industry, and academia to apply advanced technology to the task of resolving the problems of surface transportation. The objective is to improve travel efficiency and mobility, enhance safety, conserve energy, provide economic benefits, and protect the environment. The current demand for mobility has exceeded the available capacity of the roadway system. Because the highway system cannot be expanded, except in minor ways, the available capacity must be used more efficiently to handle the increased demand.
ITS applies advanced information processing, communication, sensing, and computer control technologies to the problems of surface transportation. Considerable research and development efforts will be required to produce these new technologies and to convert technologies developed in the defense and space programs to solve surface transportation problems.
ITS has been subdivided into six interlocking technology areas. This book addresses human factors concerns for four of these areas:
*" Advanced Traveler Information Systems" are a variety of systems that provide real time, in-vehicle information to drivers regarding navigation and route guidance, motorist services, roadway signing, and hazard warnings.
*" Advanced Vehicle Control Systems" refer to systems that aid drivers in controlling their vehicle particularly in emergency situations and ultimately taking over some or all of the driving tasks.
*" Commercial Vehicle Operations" address the application of ITS technologies to the special needs of commercial roadway vehicles including automated vehicle identification, location, weigh-in-motion, clearance sensing, and record keeping.
*" Advanced Traffic Management Systems" monitor, control and manage traffic on streets and highways to reduce congestion using vehicle route diversion, automated signal timing, changeable message signs, and priority control systems.
Two technical areas are not specifically addressed in individual chapters, but many aspects of them are covered in associated chapters:
*" Advanced Rural Transportation Systems" include systems that apply ITS technologies to the special needs of rural systems and include emergency notification and response, vehicle location, and traveler information.
*" Advanced Public Transportation Systems" enhance the effectiveness, attractiveness and economics of public transportation and include fleet management, automated fare collection, and real-time information systems.

This text deals with the most fundamental deficiency of modern theory control: the lack of an easily applicable method for the design of low order controllers. It shows that solutions to many different problems in control all reduce to the same linear algebra problem. It employs matrix equalities and matrix inequalities in the solutions of fixed order control and also provides computational algorithms.

- The author is one of the most influential AI reseachers of recent decades. - Written in an accessible language, the book provides a probing account of AI today and proposes a new narrative to connect and make sense of events that happened in the recent tumultuous past and enable us to think soberly about the road ahead. - The book is divided into ten carefully crafted and easily-digestible chapters, each grapples with an important question for AI, ranging from the scientific concepts that underpin the technology to wider implications for society, using real examples wherever possible.

Intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems Security for Industry 4.0: Applications, Challenges and Management presents new cyber-physical security findings for Industry 4.0 using emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (with machine/deep learning), data mining, applied mathematics. All these are the essential components for processing data, recognizing patterns, modeling new techniques, and improving the advantages of data science. Features * Presents an integrated approach with Cyber-Physical Systems, CPS security, and Industry 4.0 in one place * Exposes the necessity of security initiatives, standards, security policies, and procedures in the context of industry 4.0 * Suggests solutions for enhancing the protection of 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT) security * Promotes how optimization or intelligent techniques envisage the role of artificial intelligence-machine/deep learning (AI-ML/DL) in cyberphysical systems security for industry 4.0 This book is primarily aimed at graduates, researchers and professionals working in the field of security. Executives concerned with security management, knowledge dissemination, information, and policy development for data and network security in different educational, government, and non-government organizations will also find this book useful.

Classical Feedback Control with Nonlinear Multi-Loop Systems describes the design of high-performance feedback control systems, emphasizing the frequency-domain approach widely used in practical engineering. It presents design methods for high-order nonlinear single- and multi-loop controllers with efficient analog and digital implementations. Bode integrals are employed to estimate the available system performance and to determine the ideal frequency responses that maximize the disturbance rejection and feedback bandwidth. Nonlinear dynamic compensators provide global stability and improve transient responses. This book serves as a unique text for an advanced course in control system engineering, and as a valuable reference for practicing engineers competing in today's industrial environment.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the field of free electron lasers. Each chapter is based on a graduate-level lecture given by an internationally known expert in the field, and is self-contained, beginning with introductory background material and culminating in an in-depth discussion of the author's current research. Written with both the student physicist and the active researcher in mind, this book is sure to be a valuable reference for graduate students and professionals alike.

Providing a comprehensive overview of developments to both the academic and industrial communities, Compound Semiconductors 1996 covers all types of compound semiconducting materials and devices. The book includes results on blue and green lasers, heterostructure devices, nanoelectronics, and novel wide band gap semiconductors. With invited review papers and research results in current topics of interest, this volume is part of a well-known series of conferences for the dissemination of research results in the field.

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 205 is the latest release in this series that merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.

Semiconducting nanostructures such as nanowires (NWs) have been used as building blocks for various types of sensors, energy storage and generation devices, electronic devices and for new manufacturing methods involving printed NWs. The response of these sensing/energy/electronic components and the new fabrication methods depends very much on the quality of NWs and for this reason it is important to understand the growth mechanism of 1D semiconducting nanostructures. This is also important to understand the compatibility of NW growth steps and tools used in the process with these unconventional substrates such as plastic that are used in flexible and large area electronics. Therefore, this Element presents at length discussion about the growth mechanisms, growth conditions and the tools used for the synthesis of NWs. Although NWs from Si, ZnO and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are included, the discussion is generic and relevant to several other types of NWs as well as heterostructures.

This book provides a sound introduction to basic electronic concepts in a lively and practical format. It effectively meets the needs of both the electronics option of the advanced GNVQ in engineering and the BTEC National certificate in electronics and includes hands-on practical investigations and self-test questions which will appeal to a wide range of readers. Applied Electronics employs user-friendly text and a non-mathematical approach to develop the reader's ability and understanding of the principles of analogue and digital electronics. Beginning with the semiconductor devices themselves, it progresses through amplifiers and power supplies to combinational and sequential logic.

Written as a companion to the highly acclaimed Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook, Second Edition (Marcel Dekker, Inc.), this timely new edition of Magnetic Core Selection for Transformers and Inductors compiles the specifications of over 12,000 industrially available cores and brings them in line with standard units of measurements-simplifying the selection of core configurations for the design of magnetic components.

1 uniquely integrates essentials from vehicle dynamics and control theory for controller design with NI LabVIEW at the level of practical applications 2 Provides new features in the modelling of drivetrain configuration, regenerative braking, rollover dynamics for model-based control 3 Shares advanced controller designs that have yet to be published 4 Provides mathematical models of vehicle behavior of vehicles that move dynamically in the presence of disturbances to the motion 5 Demonstrates what a control design engineer can do to practically achieve the desired vehicle behavior based on mathematical models

'Practical Analog Electronics for Technicians' not only provides an accessible introduction to electronics, but also supplies all the problems and practical activities needed to gain hands-on knowledge and experience. This emphasis on practice is surprisingly unusual in electronics texts, and has already gained Will Kimber popularity through the companion volume, 'Practical Digital Electronics for Technicians'. Written to cover the Advanced GNVQ optional unit in electronics, this book is also ideal for BTEC National, A-level electronics and City & Guilds courses. Together with 'Practical Digital Electronics for Technicians', this text comprises a complete practical electronics course designed for students with little prior knowledge of the subject.

"Offers and up-to-date assessment of the entire field of diffraction gratings, including history, physics, manufacture, testing, and instrument design. Furnishes--for the first time in a single-source reference--a thorough review of efficiency behavior, examining echelles as well as concave, binary, transmission, fiber, and waveguide gratings."

The Encyclopedia of Modern Optics, Second Edition, Five Volume Set provides a wide-ranging overview of the field, comprising authoritative reference articles for undergraduate and postgraduate students and those researching outside their area of expertise. Topics covered include classical and quantum optics, lasers, optical fibers and optical fiber systems, optical materials and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Articles cover all subfields of optical physics and engineering, such as electro-optical design of modulators and detectors. This update contains contributions from international experts who discuss topics such as nano-photonics and plasmonics, optical interconnects, photonic crystals and 2D materials, such as graphene or holy fibers. Other topics of note include solar energy, high efficiency LED's and their use in illumination, orbital angular momentum, quantum optics and information, metamaterials and transformation optics, high power fiber and UV fiber lasers, random lasers and bio-imaging.

Smart Sensors and MEMS: Intelligent Devices and Microsystems for Industrial Applications, Second Edition highlights new, important developments in the field, including the latest on magnetic sensors, temperature sensors and microreaction chambers. The book outlines the industrial applications for smart sensors, covering direct interface circuits for sensors, capacitive sensors for displacement measurement in the sub-nanometer range, integrated inductive displacement sensors for harsh industrial environments, advanced silicon radiation detectors in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectral range, among other topics. New sections include discussions on magnetic and temperature sensors and the industrial applications of smart micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). The book is an invaluable reference for academics, materials scientists and electrical engineers working in the microelectronics, sensors and micromechanics industry. In addition, engineers looking for industrial sensing, monitoring and automation solutions will find this a comprehensive source of information.

The third edition of Digital Logic Techniques provides a clear and comprehensive treatment of the representation of data, operations on data, combinational logic design, sequential logic, computer architecture, and practical digital circuits. A wealth of exercises and worked examples in each chapter give students valuable experience in applying the concepts and techniques discussed. Beginning with an objective comparison between analogue and digital representation of data, the author presents the Boolean algebra framework for digital electronics, develops combinational logic design from first principles, and presents cellular logic as an alternative structure more relevant than canonical forms to VLSI implementation. He then addresses sequential logic design and develops a strategy for designing finite state machines, giving students a solid foundation for more advanced studies in automata theory. The second half of the book focuses on the digital system as an entity. Here the author examines the implementation of logic systems in programmable hardware, outlines the specification of a system, explores arithmetic processors, and elucidates fault diagnosis. The final chapter examines the electrical properties of logic components, compares the different logic families, and highlights the problems that can arise in constructing practical hardware systems.

Unique selling point: Advanced AI solutions for problems in genetics, virology, and related areas of life science Core audience: Researchers in bioinformatics Place in the market: High-level reference book on advanced applied technology

1. This book gives the reader a comprehensive and in-depth introduction to the variable gain control and details a series of related innovative technologies. Instead of reading various relevant books, this book enables readers to establish an overall understanding of variable gain control methods for different systems. 2. The goal of this book is to interpret complex control knowledge in simple terms. It is easy to understand and needs little background knowledge. 3. It highlights the practical applications of variable gain control in energy conversation. The designed variable gain control has a simple form and is convenient for engineering applications. 4. Discussion remarks are provided in each chapter with new contributions to emphasize the novelty of the presented design and analysis methods. Moreover, a number of interesting remaining problems in the related topics, which are worthy of further investigation, are discussed in this book. 5. Simulation results are given in each chapter, sometimes in a comparative manner, to show the effectiveness of these methods.

With the aim to better understand nature, mathematical tools are being used nowadays in many different fields. The concept of integral transforms, in particular, has been found to be a useful mathematical tool for solving a variety of problems not only in mathematics, but also in various other branches of science, engineering, and technology. Integral Transforms and Engineering: Theory, Methods, and Applications presents a mathematical analysis of integral transforms and their applications. The book illustrates the possibility of obtaining transfer functions using different integral transforms, especially when mapping any function into the frequency domain. Various differential operators, models, and applications are included such as classical derivative, Caputo derivative, Caputo-Fabrizio derivative, and Atangana-Baleanu derivative. This book is a useful reference for practitioners, engineers, researchers, and graduate students in mathematics, applied sciences, engineering, and technology fields.

All biological systems with vision move about their environments and successfully perform many tasks. The same capabilities are needed in the world of robots. To that end, recent results in empirical fields that study insects and primates, as well as in theoretical and applied disciplines that design robots, have uncovered a number of the principles of navigation. To offer a unifying approach to the situation, this book brings together ideas from zoology, psychology, neurobiology, mathematics, geometry, computer science, and engineering. It contains theoretical developments that will be essential in future research on the topic -- especially new representations of space with less complexity than Euclidean representations possess. These representations allow biological and artificial systems to compute from images in order to successfully deal with their environments.
In this book, the barriers between different disciplines have been smoothed and the workings of vision systems of biological organisms are made clear in computational terms to computer scientists and engineers. At the same time, fundamental principles arising from computational considerations are made clear both to empirical scientists and engineers. Empiricists can generate a number of hypotheses that they could then study through various experiments. Engineers can gain insight for designing robotic systems that perceive aspects of their environment.
For the first time, readers will find:
* the insect vision system presented in a way that can be understood by computational scientists working in computer vision and engineering;
* three complete, working robotic navigation systems presented with all the issues related to their design analyzed in detail;
* the beginning of a computational theory of direct perception, as advocated by Gibson, presented in detail with applications for a variety of problems; and
* the idea that vision systems could compute space representations different from perfect metric descriptions -- and be used in robotic tasks -- advanced for both artificial and biological systems.

A History Today Book of the Year A world-renowned astronomer and an esteemed science writer make the provocative argument for space exploration without astronauts. Human journeys into space fill us with wonder. But the thrill of space travel for astronauts comes at enormous expense and is fraught with peril. As our robot explorers grow more competent, governments and corporations must ask, does our desire to send astronauts to the Moon and Mars justify the cost and danger? Donald Goldsmith and Martin Rees believe that beyond low-Earth orbit, space exploration should proceed without humans. In The End of Astronauts, Goldsmith and Rees weigh the benefits and risks of human exploration across the solar system. In space humans require air, food, and water, along with protection from potentially deadly radiation and high-energy particles, at a cost of more than ten times that of robotic exploration. Meanwhile, automated explorers have demonstrated the ability to investigate planetary surfaces efficiently and effectively, operating autonomously or under direction from Earth. Although Goldsmith and Rees are alert to the limits of artificial intelligence, they know that our robots steadily improve, while our bodies do not. Today a robot cannot equal a geologist's expertise, but by the time we land a geologist on Mars, this advantage will diminish significantly. Decades of research and experience, together with interviews with scientific authorities and former astronauts, offer convincing arguments that robots represent the future of space exploration. The End of Astronauts also examines how spacefaring AI might be regulated as corporations race to privatize the stars. We may eventually decide that humans belong in space despite the dangers and expense, but their paths will follow routes set by robots.