This book brings together papers presented at the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in China (ChinaAI) 2019, which provided a venue for disseminating the latest advances and discussing the interactions and links between the various subfields of AI. Addressing topics that cover virtually all aspects of AI and the latest developments in China, the book is chiefly intended for undergraduate and graduate students in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics, for researchers and engineers from academia and industry, and for government employees (e.g. at the NSF, DOD, and DOE).

This book discusses the computational geometry, topology and physics of digital images and video frame sequences. This trio of computational approaches encompasses the study of shape complexes, optical vortex nerves and proximities embedded in triangulated video frames and single images, while computational geometry focuses on the geometric structures that infuse triangulated visual scenes. The book first addresses the topology of cellular complexes to provide a basis for an introductory study of the computational topology of visual scenes, exploring the fabric, shapes and structures typically found in visual scenes. The book then examines the inherent geometry and topology of visual scenes, and the fine structure of light and light caustics of visual scenes, which bring into play catastrophe theory and the appearance of light caustic folds and cusps. Following on from this, the book introduces optical vortex nerves in triangulated digital images. In this context, computational physics is synonymous with the study of the fine structure of light choreographed in video frames. This choreography appears as a sequence of snapshots of light reflected and refracted from surface shapes, providing a solid foundation for detecting, analyzing and classifying visual scene shapes.

This book introduces readers to the characteristic features of electromagnetic phenomena in superconductivity. It first demonstrates not only that the diamagnetism in the superconductivity complies with Maxwell's theory, which was formulated before the discovery of superconductivity, but also that the dominant E-B analogy in the electromagnetism loses perfection without the superconductivity. The book then explores flux pinning, which is responsible for the non-dissipative current in DC, leading to irreversibility in AC. Drawing on Maxwell's work, it also proves theoretically that if there is no energy dissipation in the superconductivity caused by the break in time reversal symmetry, it contradicts the thermodynamic principle of energy conservation - something that had previously only been proved experimentally. Lastly, the book addresses the longitudinal magnetic field effect, and explains how this phenomenon leads to a new development of Maxwell's theory. Featuring numerous appendices to help readers understand the methods of derivation of equations, this book offers students and young scientists an introduction to applied superconductivity, especially in the context of power applications. Presenting the characteristic features of electromagnetic phenomena in superconductivity from basic to advanced topics for applications, the book offers a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers studying superconductivity as well as engineers working in electric utility industry.

This book gathers selected papers from the first International Conference on Optoelectronics and Measurement (ICOM 2018), held in Hangzhou, China on Oct 18-20, 2018. The proceedings focus on the latest developments in the fields of optics, photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, and related measurement technologies. Addressing hot topics in fibre optics, photo detectors and sensors, it also features illustrations of advanced device technologies, explains measurement principles, and shares cutting-edge scientific and technological findings. Accordingly, readers will gain essential insights into the forefront of these fields, and will find not only important technical data, but also new ideas to inspire their own future research.

This book provides a unique approach to derive model-based torque controllers for all types of Lorentz force machines, i.e. DC, synchronous and induction machines. The rotating transformer model forms the basis for the generalized modeling approach of rotating field machines, which leads to the development of universal field-oriented control algorithms. Contrary to this, direct torque control algorithms, using observer-based methods, are developed for switched reluctance machines. Tutorials are included at the end of each chapter, and the reader is encouraged to execute these tutorials in order to gain familiarity with the dynamic behavior of drive systems. This updated edition uses PLECS (R) simulation and vector processing tools that were specifically adopted for the purpose of these hands-on tutorials. Hence, Advanced Electrical Drives encourages "learning by doing" and the experienced drive specialist may find the simulation tools useful to design high-performance torque controllers. Although it is a powerful reference in its own right, when used in conjunction with the companion texts Fundamentals of Electrical Drives and Applied Control of Electrical Drives, this book provides a uniquely comprehensive reference set that takes readers all the way from understanding the basics of how electrical drives work, to deep familiarity with advanced features and models, to a mastery of applying the concepts to actual hardware in practice. Teaches readers to perform insightful analysis of AC electrical machines and drives; Introduces new modeling methods and modern control techniques for switched reluctance drives; Updated to use PLECS (R) simulation tools for modeling electrical drives, including new and more experimental results; Numerous tutorials at end of each chapter to learn by doing, step-by-step; Includes extra material featuring "build and play" lab modules, for lectures and self-study.

This book describes systematically wireless power transfer technology using magnetic resonant coupling and electric resonant coupling and presents the latest theoretical and phenomenological approaches to its practical implementation, operation and its applications. It also discusses the difference between electromagnetic induction and magnetic resonant coupling, the characteristics of various types of resonant circuit topologies and the unique features of magnetic resonant coupling methods. Designed to be self-contained, this richly illustrated book is a valuable resource for a broad readership, from researchers to engineers and anyone interested in cutting-edge technologies in wireless power transfer.

This book describes a set of SystemC-based virtual prototype analysis methodologies, including design understanding, verification, security validation, and design space exploration. Readers will gain an overview of the latest research results in the field of Electronic Design Automation (EDA) at the Electronic System Level (ESL). The methodologies discussed enable readers to tackle easily key tasks and applications in the design process.

This book presents iterative learning control (ILC) to address practical issues of flexible structures. It is divided into four parts: Part I provides a general introduction to ILC and flexible structures, while Part II proposes various types of ILC for simple flexible structures to address issues such as vibration, input saturation, input dead-zone, input backlash, external disturbances, and trajectory tracking. It also includes simple partial differential equations to deal with the common problems of flexible structures. Part III discusses the design of ILC for flexible micro aerial vehicles and two-link manipulators, and lastly, Part IV offers a summary of the topics covered. Unlike most of the literature on ILC, which focuses on ordinary differential equation systems, this book explores distributed parameter systems, which are comparatively less stabilized through ILC.Including a comprehensive introduction to ILC of flexible structures, it also examines novel approaches used in ILC to address input constraints and disturbance rejection. This book is intended for researchers, graduate students and engineers in various fields, such as flexible structures, external disturbances, nonlinear inputs and tracking control.

This book focuses on the fault diagnosis observer design for the switched system. Model-based fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control are one of the most popular research directions in recent decades. It contains eight chapters. Every chapter is independent in the method of observer design, but all chapters are around the same topic. Besides, in each chapter, the model description and theoretical results are firstly provided, then some practical application examples are illustrated to prove the obtained results. The advanced theoretical methodologies will benefit researchers or engineers in the area of safety engineering and the arrangement of the structure will help the readers to understand the content easily.

This book highlights numerical models as powerful tools for the optimal design of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). Most MEMS experts have a background in electronics, where circuit models or behavioral models (i.e. lumped-parameter models) of devices are preferred to field models. This is certainly convenient in terms of preliminary design, e.g. in the prototyping stage. However, design optimization should also take into account fine-sizing effects on device behavior and therefore be based on distributed-parameter models, such as finite-element models. The book shows how the combination of automated optimal design and field-based models can produce powerful design toolboxes for MEMS. It especially focuses on illustrating theoretical concepts with practical examples, fostering comprehension through a problem-solving approach. By comparing the results obtained using different methods, readers will learn to identify their respective strengths and weaknesses. In addition, special emphasis is given to evolutionary computing and nature-inspired optimization strategies, the effectiveness of which has already been amply demonstrated. Given its scope, the book provides PhD students, researchers and professionals in the area of computer-aided analysis with a comprehensive, yet concise and practice-oriented guide to MEMS design and optimization. To benefit most from the book, readers should have a basic grasp of electromagnetism, vector analysis and numerical methods.

This book takes a deep dive into ubiquitous computing for applications in health, business, education, tourism, and transportation. The rich interdisciplinary contents of the book appeal to readers from diverse disciplines who aspire to create new and innovative research initiatives and applications in ubiquitous computing. Topics include condition monitoring and diagnostics; multi-objective optimization in design, multi-objective optimization of machining parameters, and more. The book benefits researchers, advanced students, as well as practitioners interested in applications of ubiquitous computing. Features practical, tested applications in ubiquitous computing Includes applications such as health, business, education, electronics, tourism, and transportation Applicable to researchers, academics, students, and professionals

This book provides comprehensive coverage of state-of-the-art integrated circuit authentication techniques, including technologies, protocols and emerging applications. The authors first discuss emerging solutions for embedding unforgeable identifies into electronics devices, using techniques such as IC fingerprinting, physically unclonable functions and voltage-over-scaling. Coverage then turns to authentications protocols, with a special focus on resource-constrained devices, first giving an overview of the limitation of existing solutions and then presenting a number of new protocols, which provide better physical security and lower energy dissipation. The third part of the book focuses on emerging security applications for authentication schemes, including securing hardware supply chains, hardware-based device attestation and GPS spoofing attack detection and survival. Provides deep insight into the security threats undermining existing integrated circuit authentication techniques; Includes an in-depth discussion of the emerging technologies used to embed unforgeable identifies into electronics systems; Offers a comprehensive summary of existing authentication protocols and their limitations; Describes state-of-the-art authentication protocols that provide better physical security and more efficient energy consumption; Includes detailed case studies on the emerging applications of IC authentication schemes.

This book focuses on the design, development, and characterization of a compact magnetic laser scanner for microsurgical applications. In addition, it proposes a laser incision depth controller to be used in soft tissue microsurgeries. The use of laser scanners in soft tissue microsurgery results in high quality ablations with minimal thermal damage to surrounding tissue. However, current scanner technologies for microsurgery are limited to free-beam lasers, which require direct line-of-sight to the surgical site, from outside the patient. Developing compact laser micromanipulation systems is crucial to introducing laser-scanning capabilities in hard-to-reach surgical sites, e.g., vocal cords. In this book, the design and fabrication of a magnetically actuated endoscopic laser scanner have been shown, one that introduces high-speed laser scanning for high quality, non-contact tissue ablations in narrow workspaces. Static and dynamic characterization of the system, its teleoperation through a tablet device, and its control modelling for automated trajectory executions have been shown using a fabricated and assembled prototype. Following this, the book discusses how the laser position and velocity control capabilities of the scanner can be used to design a laser incision depth controller to assist surgeons during operations.

How do you protect electrical systems from high energy electromagnetic pulses? This book is designed for researchers who wish to design toughned systems against EMPs from high altitude sources. It discusses numerous factors affecting the strength of EMPs as well as their impact on electronic components, devices and power electrical equipment. This book includes practical protection methods and means for evaluating their effectiveness.

This volume of the series ARENA2036 compiles the outcomes of the first Stuttgart Conference on Automotive Production (SCAP2020). It contains peer-reviewed contributions from a theoretical as well as practical vantage point and is topically structured according to the following four sections: It discusses (I) Novel Approaches for Efficient Production and Assembly Planning, (II) Smart Production Systems and Data Services, (III) Advances in Manufacturing Processes and Materials, and (IV) New Concepts for Autonomous, Collaborative Intralogistics. Given the restrictive circumstances of 2020, the conference was held as a fully digital event divided into two parts. It opened with a pre-week, allowing everyone to peruse the scientific contributions at their own pace, followed by a two-day live event that enabled experts from the sciences and the industry to engage in various discussions. The conference has proven itself as an insightful forum that allowed for an expertly exchange regarding the pivotal Advances in Automotive Production and Technology.

This thesis develops a pioneering methodology and a concept for identifying critical loads and load model parameters in large power networks based on their influence on power system stability. The research described in the thesis first develops an automatic load modelling tool (ALMT) that can be used to automatically build load model from actual measured power system data without human intervention and the benefits of the ALMY are explored. Secondly, it develops a pioneering framework based on Morris screening method for ranking power system load model parameters based on their influence on overall power system stability (voltage, frequency, transient and small disturbance stability) considering different load models and loading conditions. Thirdly, a novel probabilistic methodology for determining the accuracy levels of critical load model parameters has been developed. This book will be of interest to students and researchers within the field of electrical engineering, as well as industry professionals.

This book highlights principles and applications of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). After introducing the basic concepts, research progress, standardizations and limitations of EMC, the book puts emphasis on presenting the generation mechanisms and suppression principles of conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, radiated EMI noise, and electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) problems such as electrostatic discharge (ESD), electric fast transient (EFT) and surge. By showing EMC case studies and solved examples, the book provides effective solutions to practical engineering problems. Students and researchers will be able to use the book as practical reference for EMC-related measurements and problem- solution.

This book introduces recent progress in preparation and application of core-shell and yolk-shell structures for attractive design of catalyst materials. Core-shell nanostructures with active core particles covered directly with an inert shell can perform as highly active and selective catalysts with long lifetimes. Yolk-shell nanostructures consisting of catalytically active core particles encapsulated by hollow materials are an emerging class of nanomaterials. The enclosed void space is expected to be useful for encapsulation and compartmentation of guest molecules, and the outer shell acts as a physical barrier to protect the guest molecules from the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the tunability and functionality in the core and the shell regions can offer new catalytic properties, rendering them attractive platform materials for the design of heterogeneous catalysts. This book describes the recent development of such unique nanostructures to design effective catalysts which can lead to new chemical processes. It provides an excellent guide for design and application of core-shell and yolk-shell structured catalysts for a wide range of readers working on design of attractive catalysts, photocatalysts, and electrocatalysts for energy, environmental, and green chemical processes.

The subject of this book is theory, principles and methods used in radar algorithm development with a special focus on automotive radar signal processing. In the automotive industry, autonomous driving is currently a hot topic that leads to numerous applications for both safety and driving comfort. It is estimated that full autonomous driving will be realized in the next twenty to thirty years and one of the enabling technologies is radar sensing. This book presents both detection and tracking topics specifically for automotive radar processing. It provides illustrations, figures and tables for the reader to quickly grasp the concepts and start working on practical solutions. The complete and comprehensive coverage of the topic provides both professionals and newcomers with all the essential methods and tools required to successfully implement and evaluate automotive radar processing algorithms.

This book describes the development of portable, wearable, and highly customizable hand exoskeletons to aid patients suffering from hand disabilities. It presents an original approach for the design of human hand motion assistance devices that relies on (i) an optimization-based kinematic scaling procedure, which guarantees a significant adaptability to the user's hands motion, and (ii) a topology optimization-based design methodology, which allowed the design of a lightweight, comfortable device with a high level of performance. The book covers the whole process of hand exoskeleton development, from establishing a new design strategy, to the construction and testing of hand exoskeleton prototypes, using additive manufacturing techniques. As such, it offers timely information to both researchers and engineers developing human motion assistance systems, especially wearable ones.

This book describes the development, functioning, and results of a successful binational program to promote significant scientific advances in Earth-abundant photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP), advanced process/manufacturing technologies, multiscale modeling and reliability testing, and analysis of integrated solar energy systems. SERIIUS is a consortium between India and the United States dedicated to developing new solar technologies and assessing their potential impact in the two countries. The consortium consists of nearly 50 institutions including academia, national laboratories, and industry, with the goal of developing significant new technologies in all areas of solar deployment. In addition, the program focused on workforce development through graduate students, post-doctoral students, and an international exchange program. Particular emphasis was placed on the following efforts: Creating disruptive technologies in PV and CSP through high-impact fundamental and applied research and development (R&D). Identifying and quantifying the critical technical, economic, and policy issues for solar energy development and deployment in India. Overcoming barriers to technology transfer by teaming research institutions and industry in an effective project structure. Building a new platform for binational collaboration using a formalized R&D project structure, along with effective management, coordination, and decision processes. Creating a sustainable network and workforce development program from which to build large collaborations and fostering a collaborative culture and outreach programs. This includes using existing and new methodologies for collaboration based on advanced electronic and web-based communication to facilitate functional international teams. The book summarizes the general lessons learned from these experiences.

This book highlights the synthesis of polarization selection system in the background of passive noise formed by reflections from space-distributed targets. This synthesis is fulfilled as close as possible to its ideal configuration in terms of maximal signal-to-noise ratio for the matched load of radar station antenna system. It presents a new approach to radar system resolution enhancement based on the development of mathematical model for radiometric receivers with mono-pulse antenna systems, as well as creation of a new algorithm that allows increasing angular resolution during the object's search and tracking due to special signal processing.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of recently developed space multi-tethers, such as maneuverable space tethered nets and space tethered formation. For each application, it provides detailed derivatives to describe and analyze the mathematical model of the system, and then discusses the design and proof of different control schemes for various problems. The dynamics modeling presented is based on Newton and Lagrangian mechanics, and the book also introduces Hamilton mechanics and Poincare surface of section for dynamics analysis, and employs both centralized and distributed controllers to derive the formation question of the multi-tethered system. In addition to the equations and text, it includes 3D design drawings, schematic diagrams, control scheme blocks and tables to make it easy to understand. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the fields of astronautics, control science, and engineering.