Nanostructured Zinc Oxide covers the various routes for the synthesis of different types of nanostructured zinc oxide including; 1D (nanorods, nanowires etc.), 2D and 3D (nanosheets, nanoparticles, nanospheres etc.). This comprehensive overview provides readers with a clear understanding of the various parameters controlling morphologies. The book also reviews key properties of ZnO including optical, electronic, thermal, piezoelectric and surface properties and techniques in order to tailor key properties. There is a large emphasis in the book on ZnO nanostructures and their role in optoelectronics. ZnO is very interesting and widely investigated material for a number of applications. This book presents up-to-date information about the ZnO nanostructures-based applications such as gas sensing, pH sensing, photocatalysis, antibacterial activity, drug delivery, and electrodes for optoelectronics.

Dielectric Metamaterials and Metasurfaces in Transformation Optics and Photonics addresses the complexity of electromagnetic responses from arrays of dielectric resonators, which are often omitted from consideration when using simplified metamaterials concepts. The book's authors present a thorough consideration of dielectric resonances in different environments which is needed to design optical and photonic devices. Dielectric metamaterials and photonic crystals are compared, with their effects analyzed. Design approaches and examples of designs for invisibility cloaks based on artificial media are also included. Current challenge of incorporating artificial materials into transformation optics-based and photonics devices are also covered.

Deep Learning for Chest Radiographs enumerates different strategies implemented by the authors for designing an efficient convolution neural network-based computer-aided classification (CAC) system for binary classification of chest radiographs into "Normal" and "Pneumonia." Pneumonia is an infectious disease mostly caused by a bacteria or a virus. The prime targets of this infectious disease are children below the age of 5 and adults above the age of 65, mostly due to their poor immunity and lower rates of recovery. Globally, pneumonia has prevalent footprints and kills more children as compared to any other immunity-based disease, causing up to 15% of child deaths per year, especially in developing countries. Out of all the available imaging modalities, such as computed tomography, radiography or X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and so on, chest radiographs are most widely used for differential diagnosis between Normal and Pneumonia. In the CAC system designs implemented in this book, a total of 200 chest radiograph images consisting of 100 Normal images and 100 Pneumonia images have been used. These chest radiographs are augmented using geometric transformations, such as rotation, translation, and flipping, to increase the size of the dataset for efficient training of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A total of 12 experiments were conducted for the binary classification of chest radiographs into Normal and Pneumonia. It also includes in-depth implementation strategies of exhaustive experimentation carried out using transfer learning-based approaches with decision fusion, deep feature extraction, feature selection, feature dimensionality reduction, and machine learning-based classifiers for implementation of end-to-end CNN-based CAC system designs, lightweight CNN-based CAC system designs, and hybrid CAC system designs for chest radiographs. This book is a valuable resource for academicians, researchers, clinicians, postgraduate and graduate students in medical imaging, CAC, computer-aided diagnosis, computer science and engineering, electrical and electronics engineering, biomedical engineering, bioinformatics, bioengineering, and professionals from the IT industry.

Dielectric Spectroscopy of Electronic Materials: Applied Physics of Dielectrics incorporates the results of four decades of research and applications of dielectric spectroscopy for solids, mostly for the investigation of materials used in electronics. The book differs from others by more detailed analysis of the features of dielectric spectra conditioned by specific mechanisms of electrical polarization and conductivity. Some original methods are presented in the simulation of frequency distributions (relaxers and oscillators), with methods proposed for various ferroelectrics frequency-temperature dielectric spectra. Also described are original methods for ferroelectrics on microwaves investigation, including the features of thin films study. The book is not burdened by complex mathematical proofs and should help readers quickly understand how to apply dielectric spectroscopy methods to their own research problems. More advanced readers may also find this book valuable as a review of the key concepts and latest advances on the topics presented.

Artificial Intelligence for Future Generation Robotics offers a vision for potential future robotics applications for AI technologies. Each chapter includes theory and mathematics to stimulate novel research directions based on the state-of-the-art in AI and smart robotics. Organized by application into ten chapters, this book offers a practical tool for researchers and engineers looking for new avenues and use-cases that combine AI with smart robotics. As we witness exponential growth in automation and the rapid advancement of underpinning technologies, such as ubiquitous computing, sensing, intelligent data processing, mobile computing and context aware applications, this book is an ideal resource for future innovation.

Microwave and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) circuits and systems have been widely employed in various emerging technologies such as 5G and beyond wireless mobile communication systems, autonomous driving, electronic warfare, and radar systems. To better understand the benefits, challenges, and opportunities of this technology, further study is required. The Handbook of Research on Emerging Designs and Applications for Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits describes the latest advances in microwave and mm-wave applications and provides state-of-the-art research in the domain of microwave, mm-wave, and THz devices and systems. Covering key topics such as antennas, circuits, propagation, and energy harvesting, this major reference work is ideal for computer scientists, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, practitioners, scholars, instructors, and students.

Ternary Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications reviews the latest advances in ternary (I-III-VI) chalcopyrite quantum dots (QDs), along with their synthesis, properties and applications. Sections address the fundamental key concepts of ternary quantum dots, progress in synthesis strategies (i.e., organic and aqueous synthesis), and characterization methods (i.e., transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, etc.). Properties of ternary quantum dots are comprehensively reviewed, including optical, chemical and physical properties. The factors and mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of ternary quantum dot-based nanomaterials are also described. Since ternary chalcopyrite quantum dots are less toxic and more environmentally benign than conventional binary II-VI chalcogenide quantum dots, they are being investigated to replace conventional quantum dots in a range of applications. Thus, this book reviews QDs in various applications, such as solar cells, photocatalytic, sensors and bio-applications.

Nanomagnetic Materials: Fabrication, Characterization and Application explores recent studies of conventional nanomagnetic materials in spintronics, data storage, magnetic sensors and biomedical applications. In addition, the book also reviews novel magnetic characteristics induced in two-dimensional materials, diamonds, and those induced by the artificial formation of lattice defect and heterojunction as novel nanomagnetic materials. Nanomagnetic materials are usually based on d- and f-electron systems. They are an important solution to the demand for higher density of information storage, arising from the emergence of novel technologies required for non-volatile memory systems. Advances in the understanding of magnetization dynamics and in the characteristics of nanoparticles or surface of nanomagnetic materials is resulting in greater expansion of applications of nanomagnetic materials, including in biotechnology, sensor devices, energy harvesting, and power generating systems. This book provides a cogent overview of the latest research on novel nanomagnetic materials, including spintronic nanomagnets, molecular nanomagnets, self-assembling magnetic nanomaterials, nanoparticles, multifunctional materials, and heterojunction-induced novel magnetism.

Mem-elements for Neuromorphic Circuits with Artificial Intelligence Applications illustrates recent advances in the field of mem-elements (memristor, memcapacitor, meminductor) and their applications in nonlinear dynamical systems, computer science, analog and digital systems, and in neuromorphic circuits and artificial intelligence. The book is mainly devoted to recent results, critical aspects and perspectives of ongoing research on relevant topics, all involving networks of mem-elements devices in diverse applications. Sections contribute to the discussion of memristive materials and transport mechanisms, presenting various types of physical structures that can be fabricated to realize mem-elements in integrated circuits and device modeling. As the last decade has seen an increasing interest in recent advances in mem-elements and their applications in neuromorphic circuits and artificial intelligence, this book will attract researchers in various fields.

Structured Light for Optical Communication highlights principles and applications in the rapidly evolving field of structured light in wide-ranging contexts, from classical forms of communication to new frontiers of quantum communication. Besides the basic principles and applications, the book covers the background of structured light in its most common forms, as well as state-of-the-art developments. Structured light has been hailed as affording outstanding prospects for the realization of high bandwidth communication, enhanced tools for more highly secure cryptography, and exciting opportunities for providing a reliable platform for quantum computing. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students and other active researchers, as well as others who may be interested in learning about this cutting-edge research field.

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, Volume 218 merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy and the computing methods used in all these domains. Specific chapters in this release cover Phase retrieval methods applied to coherent imaging, X-ray phase-contrast imaging: a broad overview of some fundamentals, Graphene and borophene as nanoscopic materials for electronics - with review of the physics, and more.

Thermoelectricity and Advanced Thermoelectric Materials reviews emerging thermoelectric materials, including skutterudites, clathrates, and half-Heusler alloys. In addition, the book discusses a number of oxides and silicides that have promising thermoelectric properties. Because 2D materials with high figures of merit have emerged as promising candidates for thermoelectric applications, this book presents an updated introduction to the field of thermoelectric materials, including recent advances in materials synthesis, device modeling, and design. Finally, the book addresses the theoretical difficulties and methodologies of computing the thermoelectric properties of materials that can be used to understand and predict highly efficient thermoelectric materials. This book is a key reference for materials scientists, physicists, and engineers in energy.

MicroLEDs', Volume 106 is currently recognized as the ultimate display technology and one of the fastest-growing technologies in the world as technology giants utilize it on a wide-ranging set of products. This volume combines contributions from MicroLED pioneers and world's leading experts in the field who focus on the MicroLED development, current cutting-edge technologies of pursuing for realizing MicroLED large flat panel displays and televisions, virtual reality and 3D displays, light source for LI-FI data communications, neural interface and optogenetics, and future MicroLED technology trends.

Laser Annealing Processes in Semiconductor Technology: Theory, Modeling and Applications in Nanoelectronics synthesizes the scientific and technological advances of laser annealing processes for current and emerging nanotechnologies. The book provides an overview of the laser-matter interactions of materials and recent advances in modeling of laser-related phenomena, with the bulk of the book focusing on current and emerging (beyond-CMOS) applications. Reviewed applications include laser annealing of CMOS, group IV semiconductors, superconducting materials, photonic materials, 2D materials. This comprehensive book is ideal for post-graduate students, new entrants, and experienced researchers in academia, research and development in materials science, physics and engineering.

Contemporary high-frequency engineering design heavily relies on full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis. This is primarily due to its versatility and ability to account for phenomena that are important from the point of view of system performance. Unfortunately, versatility comes at the price of a high computational cost of accurate evaluation. Consequently, utilization of simulation models in the design processes is challenging although highly desirable. The aforementioned problems can be alleviated by means of surrogate modeling techniques, the most popular of which are data-driven models. Although a large variety of methods are available, they are all affected by the curse of dimensionality. This is especially pronounced in high-frequency electronics, where typical system responses are highly nonlinear. Construction of practically useful surrogates covering wide ranges of parameters and operating conditions is a considerable challenge.Surrogate Modeling for High-Frequency Design presents a selection of works representing recent advancements in surrogate modeling and their applications to high-frequency design. Some chapters provide a review of specific topics such as neural network modeling of microwave components, while others describe recent attempts to improve existing modeling methodologies. Furthermore, the book features numerous applications of surrogate modeling methodologies to design optimization and uncertainty quantification of antenna, microwave, and analog RF circuits.

Quantitative Atomic-Resolution Electron Microscopy, Volume 217, the latest release in the Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics series merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods. Chapters in this release include Statistical parameter estimation theory, Efficient fitting algorithm, Statistics-based atom counting , Atom column detection, Optimal experiment design for nanoparticle atom-counting from ADF STEM images, and more.