This book provides a platform to understand Internet of things with Raspberry Pi and the basic knowledge of the programming and interfacing of the devices and designed systems. It broadly covers introduction to Internet of Things and enabling technologies, interfacing with Raspberry Pi and Arduino and interfacing with Raspberry Pi GPIO. Internet of Things with Raspberry pi and Arduino is aimed at senior undergraduate, graduate students and professionals in electrical engineering, computer engineering including robotics.

This book provides a perspective on the application of machine learning-based methods in knowledge discovery from natural languages texts. By analysing various data sets, conclusions which are not normally evident, emerge and can be used for various purposes and applications. The book provides explanations of principles of time-proven machine learning algorithms applied in text mining together with step-by-step demonstrations of how to reveal the semantic contents in real-world datasets using the popular R-language with its implemented machine learning algorithms. The book is not only aimed at IT specialists, but is meant for a wider audience that needs to process big sets of text documents and has basic knowledge of the subject, e.g. e-mail service providers, online shoppers, librarians, etc. The book starts with an introduction to text-based natural language data processing and its goals and problems. It focuses on machine learning, presenting various algorithms with their use and possibilities, and reviews the positives and negatives. Beginning with the initial data pre-processing, a reader can follow the steps provided in the R-language including the subsuming of various available plug-ins into the resulting software tool. A big advantage is that R also contains many libraries implementing machine learning algorithms, so a reader can concentrate on the principal target without the need to implement the details of the algorithms her- or himself. To make sense of the results, the book also provides explanations of the algorithms, which supports the final evaluation and interpretation of the results. The examples are demonstrated using realworld data from commonly accessible Internet sources.

Covers the fundamentals of shape feature extraction from images Discusses different applications of image shape feature in the field of content based image retrieval Includes polygonal approximation techniques of shape features Details moment based, scale space and geometric shape features Different approaches for extracting image shape features are reviewed affecting image retrieval from a large database

Advances in Microwave Chemistry discusses the novel bond formation methodologies, synergistic effects of microwaves with other entities, sample preparation including digestion, combustion, and extraction techniques, as well as selectivity in chemical processes. Recent updates are provided on microwave-assisted syntheses of pharmacologically significant aza-, oxo- and other heterocycles, including lactams, nucleosides, bile acids and sterols, the preparation of nanomaterials, composites, and absorber layer materials for thin film. This book also incorporates comparative discussions involving microwave irradiation with conventional methods in different aspects of organic, inorganic, medicinal, and green chemistry. Key Features: Provides a comparative discussion on microwave irradiation with conventional methods in different aspects of organic, inorganic, medicinal, and green chemistry Presents recent applications of microwave radiation in biocatalysis Offers a complete package correlating various aspects of microwaves in organic syntheses, the biological impact of products formed in reactions, pharmacological features, and environmental sustainability of the procedures Explains microwave-induced reactions on structurally complex bile acids and sterols Stands as a valuable and unique addition to the well-established book series, New Directions in Organic and Biological Chemistry

This book explores novel methods for implementing X-ray diffraction technology as an imaging modality, which have been made possible through recent breakthroughs in detector technology, computational power, and data processing algorithms. The ability to perform fast, spatially-resolved X-ray diffraction throughout the volume of a sample opens up entirely new possibilities in areas such as material analysis, cancer diagnosis, and explosive detection, thus offering the potential to revolutionize the fields of medical, security, and industrial imaging and detection. Featuring chapters written by an international selection of authors from both academia and industry, the book provides a comprehensive discussion of the underlying physics, architectures, and applications of X-ray diffraction imaging that is accessible and relevant to neophytes and experts alike. Teaches novel methods for X-ray diffraction imaging Comprehensive and self-contained discussion of the relevant physics, imaging techniques, system components, and data processing algorithms Features state-of-the-art work of international authors from both academia and industry. Includes practical applications in the medical, industrial, and security sectors

This book covers structural and foundation systems used in high-voltage transmission lines, conductors, insulators, hardware and component assembly. In most developing countries, the term "transmission structures" usually means lattice steel towers. The term actually includes a vast range of structural systems and configurations of various materials such as wood, steel, concrete and composites. This book discusses those systems along with associated topics such as structure functions and configurations, load cases for design, analysis techniques, structure and foundation modeling, design deliverables and latest advances in the field. In the foundations section, theories related to direct embedment, drilled shaf ts, spread foundations and anchors are discussed in detail. Featuring worked out design problems for students, the book is aimed at students, practicing engineers, researchers and academics. It contains beneficial information for those involved in the design and maintenance of transmission line structures and foundations. For those in academia, it will be an adequate text-book / design guide for graduate-level courses on the topic. Engineers and managers at utilities and electrical corporations will find the book a useful reference at work.

Successfully Estimate the Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Electronics Systems A definitive guide for practitioners new to the field or requiring a refresher course, Practical Guide to the Packaging of Electronics: Thermal and Mechanical Design and Analysis, Third Edition provides an understanding of system failures and helps identify the areas where they can occur. Specifically designed for the mechanical, electrical, or quality engineer, the book addresses engineering issues involved in electronics packaging and provides the basics needed to design a new system or troubleshoot a current one. Updated to reflect recent developments in the field, this latest edition adds two new chapters on acoustic and reliability fundamentals, and contains more information on electrical failures and causes. It also includes tools for understanding heat transfer, shock, and vibration. Additionally, the author: Addresses various cross-discipline issues in the design of electromechanical products Provides a solid foundation for heat transfer, vibration, and life expectancy calculations Identifies reliability issues and concerns Develops the ability to conduct a more thorough analysis for the final design Includes design tips and guidelines for each aspect of electronics packaging Practical Guide to the Packaging of Electronics: Thermal and Mechanical Design and Analysis, Third Edition explains the mechanical and thermal/fluid aspects of electronic product design and offers a basic understanding of electronics packaging design issues. Defining the material in-depth, it also describes system design guidelines and identifies reliability concerns for practitioners in mechanical, - electrical or quality engineering.

Computational Methods for Electric Power Systems introduces computational methods that form the basis of many analytical studies in power systems. The book provides the background for a number of widely used algorithms that underlie several commercial software packages, linking concepts to power system applications. By understanding the theory behind many of the algorithms, the reader can make better use of the software and make more informed decisions (e.g., choice of integration method and step size in simulation packages). This Third Edition contains new material on preconditioners for linear iterative methods, Broyden's method, and Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov methods. It includes additional problems and examples, as well as updated examples on sparse lower-upper (LU) factorization. It also adds coverage of the eigensystem realization algorithm and the double-shift method for computing complex eigenvalues.

In practice, many different people with backgrounds in many different disciplines contribute to the design of an enterprise. Anyone who makes decisions to change the current enterprise to achieve some preferred structure is considered a designer. What is problematic is how to use the knowledge of separate aspects of the enterprise to achieve a globally optimized enterprise. The synthesis of knowledge from many disciplines to design an enterprise defines the field of enterprise engineering. Because enterprise systems are exceedingly complex, encompassing many independent domains of study, students must first be taught how to think about enterprise systems. Specifically written for advanced and intermediate courses and modules, Design of Enterprise Systems: Theory, Architecture, and Methods takes a system-theoretical perspective of the enterprise. It describes a systematic approach, called the enterprise design method, to design the enterprise. The design method demonstrates the principles, models, methods, and tools needed to design enterprise systems. The author uses the enterprise system design methodology to organize the chapters to mimic the completion of an actual project. Thus, the book details the enterprise engineering process from initial conceptualization of an enterprise to its final design. Pedagogical tools available include: For instructors: PowerPoint (R) slides for each chapter Project case studies that can be assigned as long-term projects to accompany the text Quiz questions for each chapter Business Process Analyzer software available for download For students: Templates, checklists, forms, and models to support enterprise engineering activities The book fills a need for greater design content in engineering curricula by describing how to design enterprise systems. Inclusion of design is also critical for business students, since they must realize the import their decisions may have on the long-term design of the enterprises they work with. The book's practical focus and project-based approach coupled with the pedagogical tools gives students the knowledge and skills they need to lead enterprise engineering projects.

This volume on implementation techniques in digital signal processing systems clearly reveals the significance and power of the techniques that are available, and with further development, the essential role they will play as applied to a wide variety of areas. The authors are all to highly commended for their splendid contributors to this volume, which will provide a significant and unique international reference source for students, research workers, practicing engineers, and others for years to come.

The book provides knowledge in the Building Information Model (BIM)-enabled cognitive computing methods for smart built environment involving cognitive network capabilities for smart buildings, integrating Augmented Reality/Mixed Reality in cognitive building concepts, cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT) for smart cities, Artificial Intelligence applications for cognitive cities, and cognitive smart cities using big data and machine learning. It focuses on the potential, requirements and implementation of CIoT paradigm to buildings, Artificial Intelligence techniques, reasoning, and Augmented Reality/Mixed Reality in cognitive building concepts, the concept of cognitive smart cities in its complexity, heterogeneity, and scope, and the challenge of utilizing the big data generated by smart cities from a machine learning perspective. The book comprises BIM-based and data-analytic research on cognitive IoT for smart buildings and cognitive cities using big data and machine learning as complex and dynamic systems. It presents applied theoretical contributions fostering a better understanding of such systems and the synergistic relationships between the motivating physical and informational settings. It reviews ongoing development of BIM-based and data science technologies for the processing, analysis, management, modeling, and simulation of big and context data and the associated applicability to cognitive systems that will advance different aspects of future cognitive cities. The book also analyses the required material to inform pertinent research communities of the state-of-the-art research and the latest development in the area of cognitive smart cities development, as well as a valuable reference for planners, designers, strategists, and ICT experts who are working towards the development and implementation of CIoT based on big data analytics and context-aware computing.

In the last decades robots are expected to be of increasing intelligence to deal with a large range of tasks. Especially, robots are supposed to be able to learn manipulation skills from humans. To this end, a number of learning algorithms and techniques have been developed and successfully implemented for various robotic tasks. Among these methods, learning from demonstrations (LfD) enables robots to effectively and efficiently acquire skills by learning from human demonstrators, such that a robot can be quickly programmed to perform a new task. This book introduces recent results on the development of advanced LfD-based learning and control approaches to improve the robot dexterous manipulation. First, there's an introduction to the simulation tools and robot platforms used in the authors' research. In order to enable a robot learning of human-like adaptive skills, the book explains how to transfer a human user's arm variable stiffness to the robot, based on the online estimation from the muscle electromyography (EMG). Next, the motion and impedance profiles can be both modelled by dynamical movement primitives such that both of them can be planned and generalized for new tasks. Furthermore, the book introduces how to learn the correlation between signals collected from demonstration, i.e., motion trajectory, stiffness profile estimated from EMG and interaction force, using statistical models such as hidden semi-Markov model and Gaussian Mixture Regression. Several widely used human-robot interaction interfaces (such as motion capture-based teleoperation) are presented, which allow a human user to interact with a robot and transfer movements to it in both simulation and real-word environments. Finally, improved performance of robot manipulation resulted from neural network enhanced control strategies is presented. A large number of examples of simulation and experiments of daily life tasks are included in this book to facilitate better understanding of the readers.

This work is dedicated to CMOS based imaging with the emphasis on the noise modeling, characterization and optimization in order to contribute to the design of high performance imagers in general and range imagers in particular. CMOS is known to be superior to CCD due to its flexibility in terms of integration capabilities, but typically has to be enhanced to compete at parameters as for instance noise, dynamic range or spectral response. Temporal noise is an important topic, since it is one of the most crucial parameters that ultimately limits the performance and cannot be corrected. This work gathers the widespread theory on noise and extends the theory by a non-rigorous but potentially computing efficient algorithm to estimate noise in time sampled systems. This work contributed to two generations of LDPD based ToF range image sensors and proposed a new approach to implement the MSI PM ToF principle. This was verified to yield a significantly faster charge transfer, better linearity, dark current and matching performance. A non-linear and time-variant model is provided that takes into account undesired phenomena such as finite charge transfer speed and a parasitic sensitivity to light when the shutters should remain OFF, to allow for investigations of largesignal characteristics, sensitivity and precision. It was demonstrated that the model converges to a standard photodetector model and properly resembles the measurements. Finally the impact of these undesired phenomena on the range measurement performance is demonstrated.

This book provides the first comprehensive overview of the fascinating topic of audio source separation based on non-negative matrix factorization, deep neural networks, and sparse component analysis. The first section of the book covers single channel source separation based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). After an introduction to the technique, two further chapters describe separation of known sources using non-negative spectrogram factorization, and temporal NMF models. In section two, NMF methods are extended to multi-channel source separation. Section three introduces deep neural network (DNN) techniques, with chapters on multichannel and single channel separation, and a further chapter on DNN based mask estimation for monaural speech separation. In section four, sparse component analysis (SCA) is discussed, with chapters on source separation using audio directional statistics modelling, multi-microphone MMSE-based techniques and diffusion map methods. The book brings together leading researchers to provide tutorial-like and in-depth treatments on major audio source separation topics, with the objective of becoming the definitive source for a comprehensive, authoritative, and accessible treatment. This book is written for graduate students and researchers who are interested in audio source separation techniques based on NMF, DNN and SCA.

This book is about general and specific areas involved in electrical and electronics engineering which comprises broad subjects such as MEMS and Microfluidics, VLSI, Communication and Signal Processing. This book discusses the recent trends in various aspects of research areas for diverse applications like biomedical, biochemical, and power source systems. It also discusses modelling, simulating, and prototyping of the different electronic-based systems for carrying out varied applications. With this book, the readers will understand the multiplatform fundamentals guiding electrical and biomedical devices that form the current features such as automation, integration, and miniaturization of a particular device. This book showcases a unique platform as it covers the different areas of research in this trending era as a benchmark. This book is a link between the electronics and cutting-edge technologies that are being used for numerous applications representing the physical and virtual developments of electronic devices. Therefore, this book will mostly uphold the innovation and originality involved in the development of miniaturized devices, and proposing new methods, emphasizing with different areas of electrical and electronics engineering. This book entitles various approaches involved in electrical, biomedical, and electronics for modern distribution of research strategies and covers the state-of-art research themes. These include signal sensing, signal simulators, 3D printing technology, power systems, data acquisition systems, instrumentation, electrochemical sensing, electromechanical measurements, and signal analysis. The book will provide the academic perspectives of the cutting-edge R&D outputs from the faculty members and Ph.D. students, amalgamating the newer cross-dimensional areas, such as cyber-physical systems, nanoelectronics, smart-sensors, point-of-need devices, etc. The book will become a benchmark to the readers to understand the academic aspect of the contemporary work and the way forward on how this will lead to help the society-at-large.

This book comprehensively reviews ultra-wideband (UWB) and UWB multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antennas with band-notched characteristics, with a focus on interference cancellation functionality. The book is organized into seven chapters that cover single band, dual band, and multi band-notched UWB antennas, followed by band-notched characteristics in UWB (MIMO) antennas. Further, it explains the mechanism of reconfigurability and tunability in band-notched UWB antennas, including advanced applications of UWB systems. Overall, it covers different techniques of canceling the electromagnetic interference in UWB in a concise volume. Features Provides a comprehensive presentation of avoiding interference in UWB systems Reviews state of the art literature related to UWB antennas, filtennas, and various reconfigurable technologies Explains different techniques for producing band-notch characteristics in UWB systems Includes discussion on historical perspectives of UWB technology Consolidates different research activities carried out on the electromagnetic interference cancellation techniques in the UWB communication systems Band-Notch Characteristics in Ultra-Wideband Antennas is aimed at researchers and graduate students in electrical and antenna engineering. Taimoor Khan has been an Assistant Professor at the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar since 2014. In addition to this, Dr. Khan has also worked as a Visiting Assistant Professor at Asian Institute of Technology Bangkok, Thailand during September-December, 2016. His active research interests include Printed Microwave Circuits, Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures, Ultra-wideband Antennas, Dielectric Resonator Antennas, Ambient Microwave Energy Harvesting, and Artificial Intelligence Paradigms in Electromagnetics. Dr. Khan has successfully guided three Ph.D. theses, and is supervising six Ph.D. students. He has published over 75 research articles in well-indexed journals and in world-renowned conference proceedings. Currently, he is executing three funded research projects, including two international collaborative SPARC and VAJRA research projects. In September 2020, Dr. Khan has been awarded a prestigious national IETE-Prof SVC Aiya Memorial Award for the year 2020. Yahia M. M. Antar has been a Professor at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada since 1990. He served as the Chair of CNC, URSI from 1999 to 2008, Commission B from 1993 to 1999, and has a cross appointment at Queen's University in Kingston. He has authored and co-authored over 250 journal papers, several books and chapters in books, over 500 refereed conference papers, holds several patents, has chaired several national and international conferences, and has given plenary talks at many conferences. Dr. Antar is a fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada, the Electromagnetic Academy, and an International Union of Radio Science (URSI). He was elected by the URSI to the Board as the Vice President in 2008 and in 2014, and to the IEEE AP AdCom in 2009. In 2011, he was appointed as a member of the Canadian Defence Advisory Board (DAB) of the Canadian Department of National Defence. He serves as an Associate Editor for many IEEE and IET Journals, and as an IEEE-APS Distinguished Lecturer. Presently, he is working as President-Elect for IEEE Antenna and Propagation Society for the year 2020.

In the past decade, the field of physics has witnessed renewed advances in physical systems without mirror (parity) symmetry. Experimentally, chiral magnetic skyrmions discovered in real materials have stirred a great deal of interest in future spintronic applications due to their nanoscale size, topological protection, and energy efficiency. Theoretically, the Hall viscosity, a new universal transport coefficient, through the progress in hydrodynamics has triggered extensive theoretical investigation in quantum Hall systems. This book provides an extensive account of skyrmion dynamics, using various analytical tools, especially the field theory Ward identity that is a first principle method using symmetries and the associated conservation equations. The identity revealed that Hall viscosity is a universal part of skyrmion motion. This book leads readers to frontline research in searching for the role of the mysterious Hall viscosity in skyrmion physics, using the interdisciplinary point of view that encompasses high-energy physics, condensed matter, and materials science. It also provides the necessary backgrounds and physical clarity for advanced undergraduates to meaningfully explore its contents through mathematical expressions conveyed in both vector and index notations.

This book focuses on ways to better manage and prevent aircraft-based homicide events while in flight using alternate technology to replace the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) and/or Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) functions. While these events are infrequent, the implementation of real-time predictive maintenance allows aircraft operators to better manage both scheduled and unscheduled maintenance events. Aviation Safety and Security: Utilizing Technology to Prevent Aircraft Fatality explores historical events of in-flight homicide and includes relevant accident case study excerpts from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB). FEATURES Explores historical events of in-flight homicide and offers solutions for ways to mitigate risk Explains how alternate technologies can be implemented to address in-flight safety issues Demonstrates that metrics for change are not solely for safety but also for financial savings for aircraft operation Includes relevant accident case study excerpts from the NTSB and AAIB Expresses the need for real-time predictive maintenance Stephen J Wright is an academic Professor at the faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences at Tampere University, Finland, specializing in aviation, aeronautical engineering, and aircraft systems.

The Internet has gone from an Internet of people to an Internet of Things (IoT). This has brought forth strong levels of complexity in handling interoperability that involves the integrating of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) into IoT. This book offers insights into the evolution, usage, challenges, and proposed countermeasures associated with the integration. Focusing on the integration of WSNs into IoT and shedding further light on the subtleties of such integration, this book aims to highlight the encountered problems and provide suitable solutions. It throws light on the various types of threats that can attack both WSNs and IoT along with the recent approaches to counter them. This book is designed to be the first choice of reference at research and development centers, academic institutions, university libraries, and any institution interested in the integration of WSNs into IoT. Undergraduate and postgraduate students, Ph.D. scholars, industry technologists, young entrepreneurs, and researchers working in the field of security and privacy in IoT are the primary audience of this book.

In this book, the fundamentals of micro- and nanofabrication are described on the basis of the concept of "using gases as a fabrication tool." Unlike other books available on the subject, this volume assumes only entry-level mathematics, physics, and chemistry of undergraduates or high-school students in science and engineering courses. Necessary theories are plainly explained to help the reader learn about this new attractive field and enable further reading of specialized books. The book is an attractive guide for students, young engineers, and anyone getting involved in micro- and nanofabrication from various fields including physics, electronics, chemistry, and materials sciences.

Renewable energies have become an attractive option to overcome the energy demands in sustainable and affordable ways. It has been estimated that one-third of the total renewable energies would be generated from photovoltaics (PVs). A solar or PV cell is a device that directly converts sunlight into electricity by taking benefit of the photoelectric effect. In the third-generation solar PVs, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are believed to be the most promising and have attracted wide attention. The optimization of a DSSC is focused on four main components: (i) metal oxide semiconductor, (ii) photosensitizer, (iii) redox couple electrolyte, and (iv) counter electrode. Among these, the counter electrode undertakes three functions: (i) as a catalyst, (ii) as a positive electrode of primary cells, and (iii) as a mirror. To obey these functions, the electrode material should have high catalytic activity, high conductivity, high reflectivity, high surface area, and electrochemical and mechanical stability. To improve the performance of DSSCs, many scientists have developed new counter electrodes made of platinum, carbon materials, transition metals, conductive polymers, and composites. This book converses the various aspects of materials for the fabrication of counter electrodes especially for the DSSCs.

Coefficient of Variation (CV) is a unit free index indicating the consistency of the data associated with a real-world process and is simple to mold into computational paradigms. This book provides necessary exposure of computational strategies, properties of CV and extracting the metadata leading to efficient knowledge representation. It also compiles representational and classification strategies based on the CV through illustrative explanations. The potential nature of CV in the context of contemporary Machine Learning strategies and the Big Data paradigms is demonstrated through selected applications. Overall, this book explains statistical parameters and knowledge representation models.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has drawn considerable attention as an attractive inorganic raw material for various applications due to its inexpensiveness, nontoxic nature, stability, and excellent photocatalytic activity. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising route for sustainable chemistry of the 21st century. It can contribute to solving environmental, global energy, and chemical problems, as well as to the sustainable production of commodities in the near future. This book presents the fundamentals of photocatalysis in nanostructured TiO2 and describes the factors affecting the photocatalytic activity, design, and synthesis of various forms of nanostructured TiO2. It highlights the use of ion-doping and inert-atmosphere annealing to extend the light-absorption range of photocatalysts and reduce recombination between electrons and holes. It discusses numerous applications in the fields of energy and environment, such as water purification, gas sensing, storage and delivery, and energy generation. The book is an invaluable resource and useful guide for a broad readership in various fields of catalysis, materials science, environment, and energy.

This book deals with an area of practice that many students and non-electricians find particularly challenging. It explains how to interpret circuit diagrams and wiring systems, and outlines the principles of testing before explaining how to apply this knowledge to fault finding in electrical circuits. A handy pocket guide for anybody who needs to be able to trace faults in circuits, whether in domestic, commercial or industrial settings, this book will be extremely useful to electricians, plumbers, heating engineers and intruder alarm installers. Fully up to date with the 18th Edition IET Wiring Regulations 2018. Covers all the principles and practice of testing and fault diagnosis in a way that is clear for students and non-electricians. Expert advice from an engineering training consultant, supported with colour diagrams and key data.

First published in 1993: This book is an outgrowth of fiber optic design courses given by the author.