Nearly half of the world's adult population is either clinically obese or overweight. Excess weight increases risk for multiple other chronic diseases and represents a major global health issue. Weight gain results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, which can only be corrected if the physiologic and neuroendocrine systems that have the potential to control energy balance are identified. The first edition of this book reviewed knowledge on the intake of micro- and macronutrients, food choice, and opposing views on whether or not there are mechanisms that control food intake. Appetite and Food Intake: Central Control, Second Edition contains all new chapters and serves as a companion to the first by reviewing current knowledge on neuroendocrine mechanisms that influence food intake and glucose metabolism, including environmental influences on their development, with an emphasis on recent progress in understanding forebrain and hindbrain control of ingestive behavior. In addition, there is a discussion on the benefits derived from novel models for exploring ingestive behavior and the progress that has been achieved due to new technologies. Although major progress is being made in understanding the complex interplay between different control systems, the limits of our knowledge are acknowledged in chapters that review the efficacy of current weight control drugs and the relative importance of fat free mass and body fat in driving food intake.

Spermatogenesis involves the coordination of a number of signaling pathways, which culminate into production of sperm. Its failure results in male factor infertility, which can be due to hormonal, environmental, genetic or other unknown factors. This book includes chapters on most of the signaling pathways known to contribute to spermatogenesis. Latest research in germ cell signaling like the role of small RNAs in spermatogenesis is also discussed. This book aims to serve as a reference for both clinicians and researchers, explaining possible causes of infertility and exploring various treatment methods for management through the basic understanding of the role of molecular signaling. Key Features Discusses the signaling pathways that contribute to successful spermatogenesis Covers comprehensive information about Spermatogenesis at one place Explores the vital aspects of male fertility and infertility Explains the epigenetic regulation of germ cell development and fertility Highlights the translational opportunities in molecular signaling in testis

The main focus of this book is on brown adipose tissue and its metabolic function. The book provides a timely update on the latest research and shows where the field is heading. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy and has received considerable attention in the last few years, having been re-discovered in adult humans in 2007/9. Moreover, BAT might offer a target for novel therapies to address obesity, a health condition that has reached pandemic dimensions.

This new volume provides a plethora of new information about potential medicinal herbs and their usefulness in treating diabetes and neurological diseases. Most large multinational companies are interested and engaged in the commercialization of herb-based formulations, and consumers continue to seek natural-based therapies. Herbs for Diabetes and Neurological Disease Management provides insight into plant-based novel molecules targeted for diabetes and neurological disorders. It looks at a selection of herbs that have proven effective in the management of diabetes and neurological disorders, including migraine, epilepsy, memory disorders, depression, and more. Divided into ten chapters focusing on diabetes and its macro- and microvascular complications (migraine, epilepsy, memory disorders, depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders), this book is structured to provide a source of reliable information and enrich the knowledge of readers. Each chapter briefly explains the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease state and the possible role of herbal drugs in the prevention of the particular disease. The reported pharmacological activities and possible mechanism of action of herbal drugs are also discussed in detail, which makes this book informative and unique. This new volume will be a reliable reference complementing the substantial information on the use of herbal drugs in diabetes and neurological disorders that serve as the pillars of drug discovery and development.

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with a thyroid condition, you've probably found out at least a little about this mysterious gland-just enough to want to look for answers to the many questions that keep popping up in your mind. What causes this condition? How is it treated? What can you do to get healthy again? Thyroid for Dummies, 2nd Edition gives you the detailed information you're looking for on new methods for detecting thyroid disease in both adults and children, alternative treatments, pros and cons of powerful new drugs now on the market, advice for managing the disease through changes in exercise and diet, and much more. You're discover: * What the thyroid does * How to identify a sick thyroid and recognize who's at risk * Ways to find the right thyroid doctor * How to cope with hypothyroidism in children * The hereditary connection to thyroid disease * How thyroid disease affects the elderly * The effects of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy * How to decide if surgery is necessary * Ten myths about thyroid health Updated to address advances made since the first edition, including the latest thinking on understanding thyroid disease's connection to depression and mania, Thyroid for Dummies, 2nd Edition will tell you everything you need to know about how the thyroid functions, what makes it malfunction, and what to do when a problem occurs.

Melatonin is a powerful hormone and antioxidant with numerous effects on the metabolism and the health of humans. Available as a dietary supplement in the United States since 1993, it is one of the most popular over-the-counter alternative remedies available. Comprising contributions from researchers who have studied the role of melatonin in various disease and physiological states, Melatonin in the Promotion of Health, Second Edition provides a wide variety of expert reviews on the biology of melatonin relevant to health. Beginning with a history of melatonin and its relation to circadian rhythms, the book examines its use in a host of applications, including: Gut motility and gastrointestinal diseases Anesthesia and surgery Bone health Breast cancer Cardiovascular diseases Diabetes Age-related macular degeneration and uveitis Melanoma, solar skin damage, and collagen synthesis The prevention of DNA damage Mental disorders, sleep, and issues related to jet lag and shift work The data gathered from a large number of carefully controlled animal and human studies have clearly implicated melatonin in the control mechanisms of a wide variety of physiological and psychological activities, making it a potent candidate for therapeutic use in the treatment of a diverse range of diseases. This volume demonstrates that continued studies of this molecule raise the exciting prospect of providing new avenues of treating numerous diseases more effectively and with less side-effects than those found in conventional treatment modalities.

Thyroid Disease: A Case-Based and Practical Guide for Primary Care, by Dr. Emanuel Brams, is a supremely readable cased-based approach to understanding the myriad of disorders that encompass thyroid disease. Using cases derived from his busy practice, Dr. Brams gives us the history and physical examination details of each case, along with test results. Then, through a series of questions similar to that which any good clinician asks while caring for a patient, Dr. Brams explains an optimal approach to diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of thyroid disease, with an emphasis on the practical and common issues that primary care physicians see in their offices. This is an important book for primary care physicians because thyroid disease is common in the population we take care of and accounts for 3-5% of primary care visits. It is often cited as an area that primary care phy- cians find confusing. Dr. Brams clarifies thyroid disease and, through his generous sharing of cases, allows us to join him in making clear diagnoses as well as share in the ambiguity and decisions about approach when the diagnoses and course of treatment are not clear. In this way, the book is honest, and deals directly with the issues of thyroid disease as they are seen by us as physicians, not as we sometimes may wish they were seen if patients presented with the clarity of walking textbooks. Dr.

1. Broad introductory psychology text with a biological focus which includes content on brain anatomy (something normally left out of standard introductory texts). 2. Packed full of pedagogical features including questions to test reader knowledge, sections to demonstrate real-world applications and a key terms and concepts glossary. 3. The book also reflects the latest APA Guidelines for the undergraduate psychology major (2013).

1. Broad introductory psychology text with a biological focus which includes content on brain anatomy (something normally left out of standard introductory texts). 2. Packed full of pedagogical features including questions to test reader knowledge, sections to demonstrate real-world applications and a key terms and concepts glossary. 3. The book also reflects the latest APA Guidelines for the undergraduate psychology major (2013).

This important issue of Endocrinology Clinics is devoted to the unique topic of endocrine-adrenal and steroid hypertension. The following topics are covered. An overview of endocrine systems and hypertension; accuracy and cost effectiveness of screening for adrenal-endocrine hypertension; pheochromocytoma and related chromaffin cell tumors in adreno-medullary disease; variants, detection, and treatment of Cushing's Syndrome; how glucocorticoids cause hypertension and cardiovascular disease; primary aldosteronism, Conn's diagnosis and management; familial or genetic primary aldosteronism in Gordon's Sydrome; Liddle's Syndrome, Bartter, Gitelman, and related disorders of high and low pressure and pregnancy-related hypertension due to MR mutation; glucocorticoid remediable hypertension; low rennin hypertension in childhood; ovarian hypertension and PCOS; and oral contraceptives and hypertension.

Endocrine imaging is covered extensively in this issue of Radiologic Clinics. Articles will include: Thyroid Ultrasound, Part 1: Technique and Diffuse Disease; Thyroid Ultrasonography, Part 2: Nodules; Thyroid: Nuclear Medicine Update; Thyroid Cytology: Challenges in the Pursuit of Low-Grade Malignancies; Diagnosis and Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma; Thyroid Carcinoma: The Surgeon's Perspective; Imaging Surveillance of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer; Parathyroid Imaging; Adrenal Imaging: From Addison to Algorithms; Imaging of Neuroendocrine Tumors; Imaging of the Pituitary, and more!

This two-part issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America provides the endocrinologist with comprehensive essential updates about tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system. Topics covered include the history and development of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine axis; the changing face and epidemiology of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs); chromogranins current state of the art, pathology of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) disorders; new and emerging syndromes related to gastrointestinal (GI) hormones; an update on incretins; prospects for ghrelin in the clinic, obesity/appetite and hedonism; GI motility disorders; gastric bypass and GI hormones; pancreatic exocrine function and GI hormones; harnessing the pancreatic stem cell; how to diagnose NETs before there are METs; NETs in kids: combining the SEER data for children and adults with site differences; novel biomarkers for NETs; standard imaging techniques for NETs; novel peptide imaging: glucagon receptor; signaling mechanism in NETs as targets for therapy; update on clinical trials; nutrition and the GEP; peptide radiotherapy; in vitro analysis of NETs: the role of angiogenesis; modern lab evaluation of peptide and amines: a continuing role for radioimmunoassay?; surgery/surgical management of NETs; and evaluation and quality of life in NETs patients.

In the historical record there is abundant evidence that obesity was a medical and health concern as long as medicine has been practiced. The idea of diet and exercise are bulwarks in the fight against obesity in history from the time of Hippocrates to the 16th century--a span of 2,000 years. However, our scientific understanding of this problem is only a little over 200 years old. An examination of the root cause of what many consider the obesity epidemic, A Guide to Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome traces the origins and types of obesity and its treatment. Examining in detail the developing treatment for obesity, this book provides: * A history of obesity, including treatment, proposed causes, and perceptions * An examination of the causes and problems associated with obesity * A discussion of lifestyle, diet, exercise, and treatment strategies * A detailed look at the medications and surgeries available for obesity The fact that we have an epidemic of obesity today that is covering the globe suggests that the strategically simple ideas of eating less and exercising more, ideas that require commitment and personal involvement by the individual, have not been very successful. As we move forward in trying to understand this problem, we need to be alert to strategies and tactics that may not require individual motivation and commitment--history has shown that they do not work well. This book supplies guidance on developing and designing novel strategic interventions against obesity and metabolic disorders.

This two-part issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America provides the endocrinologist with comprehensive essential updates about tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system.? Topics covered include the history and development of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine axis; the changing face and epidemiology of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs); chromogranins current state of the art, pathology of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) disorders; new and emerging syndromes related to gastrointestinal (GI) hormones; an update on incretins; prospects for ghrelin in the clinic, obesity/appetite and hedonism; GI motility disorders; gastric bypass and GI hormones; pancreatic exocrine function and GI hormones; harnessing the pancreatic stem cell; how to diagnose NETs before there are METs; NETs in kids: combining the SEER data for children and adults with site differences; novel biomarkers for NETs; standard imaging techniques for NETs; novel peptide imaging: glucagon receptor; signaling mechanism in NETs as targets for therapy; update on clinical trials; nutrition and the GEP; peptide radiotherapy; in vitro analysis of NETs: the role of angiogenesis; modern lab evaluation of peptide and amines: a continuing role for radioimmunoassay?; surgery/surgical management of NETs; and evaluation and quality of life in NETs patients.

Written by internationally acclaimed specialists, Breast, Endocrine and Surgical Oncology provides pertinent and concise procedure descriptions spanning benign and malignant problems and minimally invasive procedures. Complications are reviewed when appropriate for the organ system and problem, creating a book that is both comprehensive and accessible. Stages of operative approaches with relevant technical considerations are outlined in an easily understandable manner. The text is illustrated throughout by photographs that depict anatomic or technical principles. Forming part of the series, Surgery: Complications, Risks and Consequences, this volume Breast, Endocrine and Surgical Oncology provides a valuable resource for all general surgeons and residents in training. Other healthcare providers will also find this a useful resource.

This issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America provides the endocrinologist with essential updates on treatment of type 1 diabetes, with an eye toward future trends and developments.? The Guest Editors brought together a remarkable group of notable authors, such as Paul Robertson, President of the National Diabetes Association.? Topics covered include epidemiology; economics; contemporary management; inpatient management; update on insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring systems; update on studies aimed at interdicting and preventing type 1 diabetes; advances in the prediction, natural history, and mechanisms leading to type 1 diabetes; complications; hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes; new lessons from animal models; the role of the gut in the genesis of type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases; and an update on transplantation for reversing type 1 diabetes.

Thoroughly examining the popular and expanding field of reproductive toxicology, this newly revised and expanded Third Edition provides the latest, cutting-edge scientific developments in this constantly evolving discipline. Reproductive Toxicologya (TM)s contributors are experienced regulatory agency and Clinical Research Organization representatives who currently utilize the new techniques discussed in the text and continue to revolutionize reproductive toxicology research.

This ground-breaking resource includes:

• New and important critical mechanistic topics such as epigenetics and omics
• The first significant compilation of epigenetic mechanisms
• An in-depth analysis of the role of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomicsin human reproduction
• New guidelines with respect to the latest research applications in the field

Diabetic Neurology offers a unique focus on the broad neurological complications of diabetes, bridging the clinical divide between diabetology and neurology with a practitioner-friendly guide for the recognition, investigation and management of diabetic patients with neurological disease.

This book provides a comprehensive, practical review of the problems encountered at the interface of diabetes and neurology. The point form format facilitates a thorough summary of the diabetological and neurological approach to patients and their related disease states.

The authors of this book bring together their expertise in these shared fields to address the problems neurologists may encounter in diabetic patients and the important neurological issues to consider in diabetes clinics. The emphasis is on adult patients and some topics are deliberately covered in more than one section, depending on the context of the discussion.

The book s three sections provide:

* An overview of diabetes care directed towards neurologists and of neurological basics directed towards diabetologists
* A summary of various neurological presentations, both common and serious, which both specialties must be cognizant of
* A discussion of rare conditions, their neurological and diabetic complications

This book is a comprehensive and useful reference for diabetologists, endocrinologists, internists and neurologists.

People with diabetes are two to four times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.? Insulin resistance, which leads to diabetes in 1 in 4 people who have it, affects 60 million Americans and is also a cardiovascular disease risk factor.? It is important for cardiologists to understand the reasons why diabetes and insulin resistance cause increased cardiovascular risk so they can help their patients control these risk factors.

Emphasizing a team approach that includes the practicing podiatrist, endocrinologist, diabetologist, vascular surgeon, orthopedist, and infectious disease specialist, The High Risk Diabetic Foot provides a thorough and detailed resource on the management of complex diabetic foot problems. This comprehensive text is an essential tool that will enable physicians to reduce infections and amputations through careful examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Key features in The High Risk Diabetic Foot include:

• A full section devoted to the prevention of amputation
• High-quality images for accurate diagnosis
• Chapters organized by epidemiology, classification and staging, diagnosis, special studies, and medical and surgical management
• Summary tables and flow charts for quick reference
• A discussion of the co-morbidities associated with diabetic foot pathology, including sensory neuropathy, painful neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, food wounds, and more
• Identification of the level of medical evidence associated with treatment recommendations

This issue features internationally renowned experts who have provided their expertise on a variety of topics related to the importance of vitamin D. It was not until feedback loops were identified between vitamin D production and parathyroid hormone, phosphate that it earned its place as a true endocrine hormone. Current social and economic conditions have brought it back into the limelight with outbreaks of rickets and osteomalacia even in developed countries. However its complex regulation, together with the identification and characterization of the vitamin D receptor and its role in influencing multiple genetic pathways and function has heralded a new era highlighting its importance in health and disease. This includes its role in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus, cancer especially breast and prostate, skin, neurological and cognitive disorders, and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. We now know that adequate levels of vitamin D it is important in preventing falls and fracture. The need for supplementation and the amount recommended has also changed considerably from what we previously considered sufficient. The ongoing development of selective active analogs of vitamin D targeted to specific organs and function leads to the exciting possibility of improving outcomes of diseases associated with vitamin D regulation.

Neuroendocrinology is a discipline which originated about 50 years ago as a branch of Endocrinology and that is now strictly linked to neuroscience.

Volumes 181 and 182 of Progress in Brain Researchprovide a rapid view of the major points presently discussed at biological and clinical levels.

The chapters have been written by top scientists who are directly involved in basic or clinical research and who use the most sophisticated biotechnological techniques.

The volumes cover of the role of genetics in many endocrine-related events, like neuroendocrinological diseases and endocrine depenedent cancers (prostate, breast, etc, ). Interesting information is also provided on possibile treatments of neurodegenerative brain diseases (e.g., Alzheimer and similar syndromes).

The best researchers in the field provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results

Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered

Of great value for researchers and experts, but also for students as a background reference"

Neuroendocrinology is a discipline which originated about 50 years ago as a branch of Endocrinology and that is now strictly linked to neuroscience.

Volumes 181 and 182 of Progress in Brain Researchprovide a rapid view of the major points presently discussed at biological and clinical levels.

The chapters have been written by top scientists who are directly involved in basic or clinical research and who use the most sophisticated biotechnological techniques.

The volumes cover of the role of genetics in many endocrine-related events, like neuroendocrinological diseases and endocrine depenedent cancers (prostate, breast, etc, ). Interesting information is also provided on possibile treatments of neurodegenerative brain diseases (e.g., Alzheimer and similar syndromes).

The best researchers in the field provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results

Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered

Of great value for researchers and experts, but also for students as a background reference"

This reference work on andrology begins with a discussion of male infertility. It discusses genetic causes, conventional treatment, non-surgical methods for sperm retrieval, and assisted reproduction techniques. It also covers andrological endocrinology with chapters on clinical investigation and laboratory analysis in male hypogonadism, as well as testosterone deficiency syndrome. Additional topics include urogentical infections and STDs, erectile dysfunction, psychological abnormalities of male sexual function, and reproductive cancers. The book emphasizes contemporary concern for evidence-based practice, minimizing interventions, and promoting male reproductive health.

This book brings together the most up-to-date information about the physiology of progestogens. Addressing the bidirectional communication between hormones, fertility, tumors, and autoimmunity, it provides the basic science and clinical perspectives of progestogens which have not been previously available in one volume. In addition to estrogens, androgens, mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, progestogens are a major class of steroid hormone. While present in certain phases of estrous and menstrual cycles, progestogens are named for their function in maintaining pregnancy. This book is essentially practical in orientation, addressing the specific issues that confront the practitioner, and provides information to Obstetricians, Gynecologists, Reproductive endocrinologists, as well as Gynecological Oncologists and Rheumatologists. Contributions are from an international team of experts in the field, now completely updated in this new edition with new developments in primary dysmenorrhea and contraception.