This is a comprehensive and novel text that examines key features that predispose individuals to autoimmune diseases. The first section details the basic mechanism of autoimmunity and examines immunogenetic and environmental factors in autoimmunity. The next section examines autoimmune thyroid disease. The third section takes a look at Type 1 diabetes mellitus. In the final section, authors explain other autoimmune endocrinopathies.

In a major contribution to the study of diabetes, this book is the first to analyze the disease through a syndemic framework. An innovative, mixed-methods study, Emily Mendenhall shows how adverse social conditions, such as poverty and oppressive relationships, disproportionately stress certain populations and expose them to disease clusters. She goes beyond epidemiological research that has linked diabetes and depression, revealing how broad structural inequalities play out in the life histories of individuals, families, and communities, and lead to higher rates of mortality and morbidity. This intimate portrait of syndemic suffering is a model study of chronic disease disparity among the poor in high income countries and will be widely read in public health, medical anthropology, and related fields.

This book provides a concise, state-of-the art review of the surgical treatment of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. The volume reviews what current practices in surgery and metabolic syndrome and diabetes including the biohormonal effects of the different surgeries. Isolating the effects of the different procedures is critical to the decision tree for type of procedure selected for an individual patient. Specifically for diabetes, this textbook will provide a guide for practitioners to a tailored approach to the treatment. Areas of ongoing research that highlight the minimally invasive approach as well as incorporating what we know of the biochemical results of surgery are presented. Results of established weight loss procedures and ongoing trials are juxtaposed against some of the more novel techniques to ascertain a best practice. Metabolic Surgery and the Surgical Treatment of Diabetes serves as a very useful resource for physicians and researchers dealing with, and interested in, this rising epidemic of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. It provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of the field that will help guide patient management and stimulate investigative efforts.

This book covers all one needs to know about the utility of endomicroscopy in the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal diseases. It provides a comprehensive description of the latest in diagnostic criteria and advances in the basic science pertaining to endomicroscopy of the gastrointestinal system. Each chapter introduces the key histologic, endoscopic, and endomicroscopic features of common gastrointestinal conditions, with generous illustration using typical images. The book will provide the practicing physicians with the principles of practice, and procedural techniques of endomicroscopy, as well as demonstrate the bench-to-bedside translational potential of endomicrosocpy in helping endoscopists manage their patients' gastrointestinal conditions. This book fills an enormous gap in providing a much needed atlas in GI endomicroscopic diagnosis. Readers can learn the diagnostic criteria of various gastrointestinal conditions as illustrated by high quality endoscopic, endomicroscopic and histology images. It contains the most extensive review of currently published studies of endomicroscopy in gastrointestinal conditions. It has numerous high quality endomicroscopic images along with high definition endoscopy and histology images illustrating the common gastrointestinal diseases. It will provide a platform for standardizing endomicroscopic practice and learning.

In recent years, the clinical evolution of thyroid diseases has been studied exhaustively as new discoveries have been made about thyroid malfunction and the effective management of patients. Thyroid Diseases presents a comprehensive exposition of a range of disorders caused by thyroid dysfunction. With contributions by well-known experts in the field, the book is the first compendium in several decades to assemble a vast amount of data and research into one volume.

Following a methodological format, each chapter explores a different malady or condition. After defining the dysfunction or disease, the text presents the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, first and second level tests for diagnosis, first and second line therapies, prognosis, and recommendations for follow-up.

Highlighted topics include:

• Transient forms of hyper- and hypothyroidism
• Subclinical hyper- and hypothyroidism
• Thyroid dysfunction during gestation and postpartum
• The influence of iodine on the thyroid during pregnancy
• The importance of drugs that modify thyroid function
• Thyroid disrupters that affect thyroid homeostasis
• The bimodal and/or transient development of some thyroid diseases
• The evolution of diagnosis, priorities of therapies, and lifelong monitoring of patients

All of the contributors to this text pursued long periods of training in elite research laboratories. They are active investigators and well known in the international arena. The information presented in this volume is invaluable for practicing clinicians and those training in internal medicine, endocrinology, surgery, and other areas of medicine.

The prevalence of obesity in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world has skyrocketed in the past 20 years. Linked to heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, it is also the leading cause of osteoarthritis and the second leading cause of cancer. With contributions from leading experts in the field, Obesity: Prevention and Treatment bridges the gap between emerging understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity with concrete clinical applications for physicians and other healthcare workers in all disciplines of medicine. Following an overview of issues related to the prevention and management of obesity, the book discusses: Energy balance, the metabolic predictors of weight gain, and the role of adipokines, genetics, and the environment on obesity The epidemiology of obesity The identification and evaluation of the overweight patient as a guide to the selection of treatment Nutritional aspects of obesity treatment and management Exercise risks to which the obese patient may be more prone and steps that can be taken to mitigate these risks Behavior modification strategies for the obese patient The definition, assessment, consequences, and treatment of childhood obesity Drugs and surgical options for treatment The implications of public policy on the problem of obesity The significance of intra-abdominal and ectopic fat deposition in endocrine aspects of obesity Currently, over two thirds of the adult population in the United States is either overweight or obese. With these grim statistics, it is critically important that clinicians from all branches of medicine play an active role in diagnosing and treating obesity and its related conditions. This volume arms clinicians with the information they need to create an appropriate prevention and treatment program for their patients.

Thyroid Disease: A Case-Based and Practical Guide for Primary Care, by Dr. Emanuel Brams, is a supremely readable cased-based approach to understanding the myriad of disorders that encompass thyroid disease. Using cases derived from his busy practice, Dr. Brams gives us the history and physical examination details of each case, along with test results. Then, through a series of questions similar to that which any good clinician asks while caring for a patient, Dr. Brams explains an optimal approach to diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of thyroid disease, with an emphasis on the practical and common issues that primary care physicians see in their offices. This is an important book for primary care physicians because thyroid disease is common in the population we take care of and accounts for 3-5% of primary care visits. It is often cited as an area that primary care phy- cians find confusing. Dr. Brams clarifies thyroid disease and, through his generous sharing of cases, allows us to join him in making clear diagnoses as well as share in the ambiguity and decisions about approach when the diagnoses and course of treatment are not clear. In this way, the book is honest, and deals directly with the issues of thyroid disease as they are seen by us as physicians, not as we sometimes may wish they were seen if patients presented with the clarity of walking textbooks. Dr.

This is an optimistic and empowering approach to the daunting task of teaching diabetes patients to care for themselves. Written by a highly respected diabetes educator who has suffered with diabetes for 25 years, the guide provides the clinical and personal expertise that will help nurses and other health professionals to successfully teach diabetes self-management and compliance to adults, children, adolescents, and parents.

The book contains a vast reservoir of information ranging from a thorough overview of diabetes and the physical and emotional toll of living with the disease to number of teaching and motivating strategies that health care professionals can use to create individualized approaches to teaching self-management skills. The guide provides up-to-date information on drug therapies, nutrition management, exercise, chronic complications, glycemic control, diabetes in children, adolescents, and adults, diabetes in adults with special needs or mental illness, and diabetes noncompliance. Addressing the most important and current topics necessary for successful self-regulation and maintenance of diabetes, this innovative desk reference provides a quick guide and instructional tool for nurses and other health professionals who interact with diabetics. This new edition provides:

Clinical guidance and expertise to successfully teach diabetes self-management to adults, adolescents, and children The clinical expertise of a leading diabetes educator and the hard-earned personal wisdom of an author who has suffered with diabetes for 25 years A new chapter on chronic complications that describes a multitude of helpful new treatments A greatly expanded section on nutrition and exercise Thoroughly updated chapters A "must read" chapter on noncompliance, including why this occurs and how to prevent it

Endocrine emergencies are often potentially life-threatening and can be easily overlooked in patients with no history of endocrine disease. Endocrine Emergencies is a practical guide to identification and treatment for today's clinicians, offering essential coverage of common and serious emergencies related to endocrine metabolic conditions of the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands. Guides clinicians on how to recognize, diagnose, and treat each condition using up-to-date diagnostic techniques and therapeutics. Provides full-color, state-of-the-art coverage of key topics such as acute thyrotoxicosis and thyroid storm, ocular emergencies in Graves' ophthalmopathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypopituitarism, postoperative thyroid surgical emergencies, pheochromocytoma, and much more. Features separate chapters on emergencies related to neuroendocrine tumors, pregnant patients, and pediatric patients. Includes sections on emergency overview, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment in each chapter. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

"Therapeutic Outcome of Endocrine Disorders: Efficacy, Innovation and Quality of Life" presents the proceedings of an international symposium held from November 13-16, 1997 in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. The proceedings discuss scientific and clinical studies related to the treatment of endocrine disorders, including growth hormone deficiency, Turner Syndrome, constitutional delay of growth, treatment of diabetes, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and congenital hypothyroidism.

This pocket handbook is geared towards surgical endocrinologists in training but will also be useful as a quick reference to the practicing endocrine surgeon or the resident in training during their surgical endocrinology rotation. It provides the essential information physicians need to aid them in the evaluation and management of patients with both straightforward and complex endocrine problems. This book contains practical information about how to order, perform, and interpret laboratory assessments, diagnostic tests and imaging tests, as well as useful treatment algorithms to aid in the care of patients with endocrine disorders.

Prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disorders by lifestyle management is the most understood and effective applications of this emerging field. The focus of this book on prediabetes, diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases is timely and will be a welcome addition to clinicians who wish to gain more knowledge and competence in the area. This book will focus on the metabolic syndrome, which is the largest non-communicable disease of our time, and lifestyle approaches that drastically reduce the risks and adverse effects of this condition. Presents a detailed review of clinical evidence and guide for implementation. Provides a toolkit to counter both the high cost of medications and the need to address metabolic disorders associated with insulin resistance early, before or simultaneous to when medications are indicated.

Melatonin is a powerful hormone and antioxidant with numerous effects on the metabolism and the health of humans. Available as a dietary supplement in the United States since 1993, it is one of the most popular over-the-counter alternative remedies available. Comprising contributions from researchers who have studied the role of melatonin in various disease and physiological states, Melatonin in the Promotion of Health, Second Edition provides a wide variety of expert reviews on the biology of melatonin relevant to health. Beginning with a history of melatonin and its relation to circadian rhythms, the book examines its use in a host of applications, including: Gut motility and gastrointestinal diseases Anesthesia and surgery Bone health Breast cancer Cardiovascular diseases Diabetes Age-related macular degeneration and uveitis Melanoma, solar skin damage, and collagen synthesis The prevention of DNA damage Mental disorders, sleep, and issues related to jet lag and shift work The data gathered from a large number of carefully controlled animal and human studies have clearly implicated melatonin in the control mechanisms of a wide variety of physiological and psychological activities, making it a potent candidate for therapeutic use in the treatment of a diverse range of diseases. This volume demonstrates that continued studies of this molecule raise the exciting prospect of providing new avenues of treating numerous diseases more effectively and with less side-effects than those found in conventional treatment modalities.

The main focus of this book is on brown adipose tissue and its metabolic function. The book provides a timely update on the latest research and shows where the field is heading. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy and has received considerable attention in the last few years, having been re-discovered in adult humans in 2007/9. Moreover, BAT might offer a target for novel therapies to address obesity, a health condition that has reached pandemic dimensions.

This new volume provides a plethora of new information about potential medicinal herbs and their usefulness in treating diabetes and neurological diseases. Most large multinational companies are interested and engaged in the commercialization of herb-based formulations, and consumers continue to seek natural-based therapies. Herbs for Diabetes and Neurological Disease Management provides insight into plant-based novel molecules targeted for diabetes and neurological disorders. It looks at a selection of herbs that have proven effective in the management of diabetes and neurological disorders, including migraine, epilepsy, memory disorders, depression, and more. Divided into ten chapters focusing on diabetes and its macro- and microvascular complications (migraine, epilepsy, memory disorders, depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders), this book is structured to provide a source of reliable information and enrich the knowledge of readers. Each chapter briefly explains the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease state and the possible role of herbal drugs in the prevention of the particular disease. The reported pharmacological activities and possible mechanism of action of herbal drugs are also discussed in detail, which makes this book informative and unique. This new volume will be a reliable reference complementing the substantial information on the use of herbal drugs in diabetes and neurological disorders that serve as the pillars of drug discovery and development.

A handbook for how we can use the power of our hormones to master any stage of life. Joint pain, weight gain, migraines, acne, sleepless nights, loss of libido - all of these and more can be caused by hormone imbalances. Our health is impacted by our hormones all the way through our lives. So why do we often assume they're mainly 'a menopause thing', and wait until hot flushes arrive before we take them seriously? The truth is that many women find that their hormone-related symptoms aren't acknowledged, despite the impact they can have, years before menopause hits, on almost every aspect of their lives. With advances in medical science, however, effective new treatment options are available, including modern hormone replacement therapy (HRT), diet, and exercise. So why don't more of us know that help is at hand? Why are we still being told that we have to put up with these conditions? Our Hormones, Our Health is written by two doctors who draw on their experience as practitioners, and as women. With the aid of pioneering research from epigenetics, stress medicine, nutritional medicine, and modern HRT, they show us how women can live with health and happiness - no matter what their age.

Protocols for Enhancing Function of Fetal Islets in vitro and following Transplantation (A. Hayek, G.M. Beattie). Expression of Two Nonallelic Reg Genes in the Developing Human Pancreas: Effects in vitro of Nicotinamide and Maternal Growth Factors (B. Formby et al.). Preparation of Fetal Islets for Transplantation: Importance of Growth Factors (D.A. Hullet et al.). Studies of Fetal Porcine Isletlike Cell Clusters-A Tissue Source for Xenotransplantation in Insulindependent Diabetes Mellitus? (S. Sandler). Basic Biology of Pig Fetal Pancreas and Its Use as an Allograft (B.E. Tuch et al.). Combined Transplantation of Adult and Fetal Islets for Improvement of Graft Function (Y. Mullen). Studies on Pretreatment of Human Fetal Islet in Vitro and Clinical Islet Transplantation in China (Y.F. Hu et al.). The Use of Human Fetal Islet Tissue for Adjunctive Treatment in Insulindependent Diabetic Patients: The Case for 'Partial Success' (L. JovanovicPeterson et al.). Longterm Studies with Cultured and Cryopreserved Human Fetal Islets for Islet Transplantation in Hungary (G. Farkas). Fetal Islet Transplantation and Pregnancy (C.M. Peterson et al.). Encapsulated Human Islet Transplant Trials in Type I Diabetic Patients (P. SoonShiong). 4 additional articles. Index.

This issue of Medical Clinics devoted to prediabetes and diabetes prevention belongs in the hands of every practicing internist, PCP, hospitalist, nurse practitioner, endocrinologist, and any healthcare provider who is concerned about the diabetes epidemic. The importance of this resides in our ability to prevent diabetes by early identification of individuals with a precursor condition termed prediabetes that affect 54 million adult Americans. This entity has grown globally over the recent decades paralleling the obesity epidemic. No country or region of the world is immune. Overweight and obesity affect approximately 60% of our population and children as well as adolescents are not spared. Approximately 13% of adolescents have prediabetes which has doubled since the year 2000. Both type 2 diabetes and prediabetes are preventable and reversible with lifestyle changes involving weight loss and exercise. This issue gives a historical perspective on diabetes prevention, examines its public health implications, and explores diabetes prevention initiatives. Essential topics covered include prediabetes definition, epidemiology, mechanisms of complications, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations. Diabetes prevention trials and the economics of prevention are also covered.

In the historical record there is abundant evidence that obesity was a medical and health concern as long as medicine has been practiced. The idea of diet and exercise are bulwarks in the fight against obesity in history from the time of Hippocrates to the 16th century--a span of 2,000 years. However, our scientific understanding of this problem is only a little over 200 years old. An examination of the root cause of what many consider the obesity epidemic, A Guide to Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome traces the origins and types of obesity and its treatment. Examining in detail the developing treatment for obesity, this book provides: * A history of obesity, including treatment, proposed causes, and perceptions * An examination of the causes and problems associated with obesity * A discussion of lifestyle, diet, exercise, and treatment strategies * A detailed look at the medications and surgeries available for obesity The fact that we have an epidemic of obesity today that is covering the globe suggests that the strategically simple ideas of eating less and exercising more, ideas that require commitment and personal involvement by the individual, have not been very successful. As we move forward in trying to understand this problem, we need to be alert to strategies and tactics that may not require individual motivation and commitment--history has shown that they do not work well. This book supplies guidance on developing and designing novel strategic interventions against obesity and metabolic disorders.

This book addresses diabetic retinopathy, an eye disease that remains one of the main causes of vision loss if not diagnosed and managed properly. It aims to cover the entire spectrum of the disease by describing its clinical identification and characterization, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and medical and surgical management. Diabetic Retinopathy also offers a complete overview of the present understanding of diabetic retinopathy, covering current practice but also including original contributions that offer novel perspectives for looking at and addressing this disease.

The author has dedicated his lifetime to the study of diabetic retinal disease and has organized this book around his personal experience but at the same time giving the necessary information for updated management of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic Retinopathy will be especially useful for postgraduate students in diabetology, retina specialists and researchers.

New Techniques for Studying Biomembranes describes some of the latest methods used to investigate the dynamic distribution of specific lipids in membranes and their effects on other membrane components. The contributors present important discoveries with respect to lipid analysis and lipid interactions with membrane proteins. Various methods, which have been used to study lipid bilayer structure and lipid organization in membranes, include both in vitro and in vivo membrane systems, and study membrane proteins in various membrane systems. Key Features: Reviews both in vivo and in vitro analytical technologies and methods for studying membrane structure and function Explores how lipid bilayers and membrane proteins interact Includes contributions from an international team of researchers actively studying membrane structure and function Identifies various diseases whose causes are related to membrane proteins Related Titles: Christopher R. Jacobs, Hayden Huang, and Ronald Y. Kwon. Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology (ISBN 978-0-8153-4425-4) Wendell Lim and Bruce Mayer. Cell Signaling: Principles and Mechanisms (ISBN 978-0-8153-4244-1) Stephen Rothman. Proteins Crossing Membranes: A Scientist's Memoir (978-0-3670-7449-4)

The importance of molecular approaches for comparative biology and the rapid development of new molecular tools is unprecedented. The extraordinary molecular progress belies the need for understanding the development and basic biology of whole organisms. Vigorous international efforts to train the next-generation of experimental biologists must combine both levels - next generation molecular approaches and traditional organismal biology. This book provides cutting-edge chapters regarding the growing list of marine model organisms. Access to and practical advice on these model organisms have become a conditio sine qua non for a modern education of advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and postdocs working on marine model systems. Model organisms are not only tools they are also bridges between fields - from behavior, development and physiology to functional genomics. Key Features Offers deep insights into cutting-edge model system science Provides in-depth overviews of all prominent marine model organisms Illustrates challenging experimental approaches to model system research Serves as a reference book also for next-generation functional genomics applications Fills an urgent need for students Related Titles Jarret, R. L. & K. McCluskey, eds. The Biological Resources of Model Organisms (ISBN 978-1-1382-9461-5) Kim, S.-K. Healthcare Using Marine Organisms (ISBN 978-1-1382-9538-4) Mudher, A. & T. Newman, eds. Drosophila: A Toolbox for the Study of Neurodegenerative Disease (ISBN 978-0-4154-1185-1) Green, S. L. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. (ISBN 978-1-4200-9109-0)

Written by internationally acclaimed specialists, Breast, Endocrine and Surgical Oncology provides pertinent and concise procedure descriptions spanning benign and malignant problems and minimally invasive procedures. Complications are reviewed when appropriate for the organ system and problem, creating a book that is both comprehensive and accessible. Stages of operative approaches with relevant technical considerations are outlined in an easily understandable manner. The text is illustrated throughout by photographs that depict anatomic or technical principles. Forming part of the series, Surgery: Complications, Risks and Consequences, this volume Breast, Endocrine and Surgical Oncology provides a valuable resource for all general surgeons and residents in training. Other healthcare providers will also find this a useful resource.