This is a unique compilation, by experts worldwide, addressing how diabetes impacts the nervous system. For example, diabetic polyneuropathy, a disorder more common than MS, Parkinson s disease and ALS combined, is a major source of disability to diabetic persons wordwide. The book addresses diabetic polyneuropathy and how diabetes alters other parts of the nervous system.
*A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology.
*International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field.
*Describes the advances which have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences, their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care."

This issue of Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, guest edited by Dr. Elsa S. Strotmeyer, is devoted to Medical Complications of Diabetes in Older Adults. Articles in this issue include: Glucose Dysregulation: Pathophysiology and Prevention; Diabetic Medications and Polypharmacy; Physical Function and Disability; Diabetes and Osteoarthritis; Adiposity, Muscle Mass, and Diabetes; Exercise and Weight Loss in Diabetes Management; Diabetes and Cognition; Diabetes and Depression; Sleep Apnea and Diabetes; Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease; and Diabetes and Balance and Falls.

Diabetes in Cardiovascular Disease is a current, expert resource focusing on the complex challenges of providing cardiovascular care to patients with diabetes. Designed as a companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, this interdisciplinary medical reference book bridges the gap between the cardiology and endocrinology communities of scientists and care providers, and highlights the emerging scientific and clinical topics that are relevant for cardiologists, diabetologists/endocrinologists, and the extended diabetes care team. Access essential coverage of basic and clinical sciences, complemented by an expanded focus on epidemiology, behavioral sciences, health policy, and disparities in health care. Take advantage of a format that follows that of the well-known and internationally recognized Braunwald's Heart Disease. Review the best available clinical data and pragmatic recommendations for the prevention and management of cardiovascular complications of diabetes; national/societal intervention strategies to curb the growing prevalence of diabetes; and the current pathophysiological understanding of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with diabetes. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase.

This issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Paul Hruz, is devoted to HIV and Endocrine Disorders. Articles in this issue include: Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in HIV infection; Changes in nutritional concerns in HIV/AIDS; HIV Lipodystrophy: Lessons learned about adipose tissue and metabolic disorders; Hypogonadism in the HIV infected male; Gonadal function and reproductive health in women with HIV; Osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fracture risk with HIV infection and treatment; HIV-associated calcium and vitamin D abnormalities; Alterations in pancreatic islet function in HIV; Insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and diabetes in HIV; Thyroid abnormalities in HIV; HPA axis/adrenal pathology in HIV; and Endocrinopathies in HIV-infected children.

The 3rd edition of Hormones offers a comprehensive treatment of the hormones of humans all viewed from the context of current theories of their action in the framework of our current understanding their physiological actions as well as their molecular structures, and those of their receptors. This new edition of Hormones is intended to be used by advanced undergraduates and graduate students in the biological sciences. It will also provide useful background information for first year medical students as they engage in studies which are increasingly problem-based rather than discipline-focused. As the field of endocrinology itself has expanded so much in the past two decades, the up-to-date presentation of the basics presented in this book will be a solid foundation on which more specialized considerations can be based. New to this Edition: Coverage, for the first time of the following hormones; ghrelin, oxyntomodulin, kisspeptin, adrenomedullin, FGF23, erythropoietin, VIP and extended coverage of NO. Coverage of the hypothalamus has been integrated with the anterior pituitary because of the intimate functional and relationship between the two. The chapter on the thymus has been eliminated as more properly belonging in a book on immunology. Consideration of the role of hormones in cancer has been integrated into the chapters on the relevant hormones. Each of these areas occupies a unique niche in our understanding of the biological world and is part of the universality of signaling systems and how they govern biological systems.
New full color format includes over 600 full color, completely redrawn imagesCompanion web site will host all images from the book as PPT slides and .jpeg filesAll chapters have been completely updated and revitalized. Coverage of the hypothalamus has been integrated into the anterior pituitary chapter and coverage of the thymus has been eliminated and left to immunology textbooks

There is growing interest in the field of melatonin research regarding its neurobiological mechanisms as well as its repercussions in clinical practice. Melatonin: Therapeutic Value and Neuroprotection explores melatonin's neuroprotective effects and discusses the therapeutic potential of melatonin and melatonin agonists in treating neurodegenerative diseases and other ailments. Topics include: The basic aspects of melatonin's physiology, including its production, bioavailability, and metabolism The functional importance of melatonin receptors and their role in mediating the therapeutic effectiveness of melatonin in cancer Melatonin's effect on the regulation of blood pressure, sleep, and circadian rhythms The cardioprotective role of melatonin The neuroprotective role in glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and neurodegenerative diseases Use as a therapeutic agent for treating epilepsy and degenerative discs Treatment for obesity, diabetes mellitus, and other metabolic disorders Protective role in peri-natal hypoxic-ischemia The contributors also examine the discovery of a number of melatonergic agonists, their potential role as antioxidants, and their therapeutic applications in treating glaucoma, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, primary insomnia, and psychiatric disorders. Opening new vistas in our understanding of etiology, pharmacotherapy, and treatment, the book is a significant milestone in our knowledge about advances in melatonin's physiology and its therapeutic application in a number of disorders.

This book covers the most important clinical and bench science aspects of metabolic syndrome. It will be of value to all of those seeking a comprehensive update on the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, it will provide a broad basis for advancing research in the multiple intersecting disciplines encompassed by the metabolic syndrome.

Psychoneuroendocrinology is the study of the interaction between hormones, the brain and human behaviour. This is the first book to examine psychoneuroendocrinology in the context of sport and exercise, offering a comprehensive review of current research and assessment techniques and highlighting directions for future research.

The book explores the links between hormones and behaviour, and draws important conclusions for how their study will aid in the understanding of the bidirectional link between sport and behaviour, central to the psychology of sport and exercise. It presents the key hormones that underpin behaviour in a sporting context, including the description of their physiologic mechanisms and behavioural effects. The book reports benchmark standards for the assessment and analysis of hormonal influences of behaviour in sport, and examines practical issues and contexts such as emotional state, overtraining and stress.

Psychoneuroendocrinology in Sport and Exercise is a breakthrough text that will be of interest to all advanced students and researchers working in the psychology and physiology of sport and exercise.

The importance of molecular approaches for comparative biology and the rapid development of new molecular tools is unprecedented. The extraordinary molecular progress belies the need for understanding the development and basic biology of whole organisms. Vigorous international efforts to train the next-generation of experimental biologists must combine both levels - next generation molecular approaches and traditional organismal biology. This book provides cutting-edge chapters regarding the growing list of marine model organisms. Access to and practical advice on these model organisms have become a conditio sine qua non for a modern education of advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and postdocs working on marine model systems. Model organisms are not only tools they are also bridges between fields - from behavior, development and physiology to functional genomics. Key Features Offers deep insights into cutting-edge model system science Provides in-depth overviews of all prominent marine model organisms Illustrates challenging experimental approaches to model system research Serves as a reference book also for next-generation functional genomics applications Fills an urgent need for students Related Titles Jarret, R. L. & K. McCluskey, eds. The Biological Resources of Model Organisms (ISBN 978-1-1382-9461-5) Kim, S.-K. Healthcare Using Marine Organisms (ISBN 978-1-1382-9538-4) Mudher, A. & T. Newman, eds. Drosophila: A Toolbox for the Study of Neurodegenerative Disease (ISBN 978-0-4154-1185-1) Green, S. L. The Laboratory Xenopus sp. (ISBN 978-1-4200-9109-0)

Diabetes mellitus is a disease with tremendous health and economic burden. A better understanding of how normal glucose homeostasis is maintained and the pathogenesis is important to identify new ways for diabetes treatment. This book addresses multiple aspects of this area of research.

Key features:

* Written by experts in the field * Informs on important topics related to the regulation of glucose homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, a field of intense research interest

This textbook presents for the first time a comprehensive body of the latest knowledge in the field of neuropeptides and their action on energy balance. It contains a detailed and comprehensive account of the specific hypothalamic peptides in regards to their roles in energy balance, food intake control and co-morbidities, to better understand the patho-physiology of obesity. The textbook includes an examination the history of the evolution of human society from a thin to the obese phenotype and, within that context, how modern society habits and industrial food production did not respect the evolutionary trait resulting in changes in the energy balance set point. It provides a novel conceptualization of the problem of obesity when considering the biochemistry of peptide hormones and entertaining novel ideas on multiple approaches to the problems of energy balance, as well as demonstrates and explains why alterations in pro-hormone processing are paramount to understand metabolic disease. This text is excellent material for teaching graduate and medical school courses, as well as a valuable resource for researchers in biochemistry, cell, and molecular biology, neuroscientists, physician endocrinologists, and nutritionists.

Key features include: Details the role of plants for the treatment and management of cancer and diabetes Discusses the role of phytocompounds as ligands for cancer and diabetic targets Reviews plants and the potential of phytochemicals as antidiabetic and anticancer drugs Explores the green biosynthesis of nanoparticles and their treatment efficiency

This book is designed to capture and clinically review the comprehensive database of clinical research articles that support and do not support the utilization of a variety of dietary supplements and other complementary medicines that physicians are exposed to in their daily practice. The growing list of CAM products that could interfere with surgery (anesthesia, bleeding, outcomes...) and/or conventional medicines is very large and is provided in each section of the book. Additionally, the list of dietary supplements that could be utilized to improve quality of life for breast cancer patients is also emphasized. The various sub-specialty groups in breast are adequately represented, which allows for a physician to rapidly and thoroughly investigate their topic of interest regardless of whether the topic is prevention, treatment, or a specific side effect of treatment. The practical nature of Integrative Medicine for Breast Cancer: An Evidence-Based Assessment cannot be overstated. Chapters include a general overview of the CAM agent, whether or not it has data in medicine and oncology, and a list of potential drug interactions and specific clinical scenarios where it can be utilized or discouraged in the specialty. Thus, this book will become the gold standard evidence based text for use in teaching, not only for the students interested in oncology and breast cancer, but for all current oncology health providers.

Many of us, at the best of times, struggle for inspiration when it comes to cooking - and that's without a medical condition that may affect our eating habits and require careful management. The right diet is the foundation of a healthy lifestyle and all the more important for the successful management of diabetes. Fully updated for a UK audience Diabetes Cookbook For Dummies will include the latest dietary recommendations and medical information on diabetes and its management. Packed with over 100 delicious and easy to prepare recipes - for everyday eating and entertaining - alongside a brand new section on packing healthy lunches and picnics, this book will help make mealtimes interesting and healthy. The book also offers guidance on the glycaemic index, nutritional information, diabetic exchanges for each recipe and lifestyle advice to help readers take control of their condition and live life to the full. Diabetes Cookbook For Dummies will feature: Part I: Thriving with Diabetes* Living To Eat With Diabetes* Eating To Live With Diabetes* Planning Meals for Weight Loss Goals* Eating What You Like (Within Reason)* Stocking Up at the Supermarket Part II: Healthy Recipes That Taste Great* Enjoying the Benefits of Breakfast* Starting Well: Hors d'Oeuvres and First Courses* Sipping Simply Divine Soups* Taking a Leaf From the Salad Bar* Being Full of Beans (and Grains and Pasta)* Adding Veg to Your Meals* Boning Up on Fish Cookery* Flocking to Poultry* Creating Balanced Meals with Meats* Nibbling on Snacks* Drooling Over Mouth-Watering Desserts Part III: Eating Away from Home* Eating Out as a Nourishing Experience* Packing a Picnic Lunch Part IV: The Part of Tens* Ten (or So) Simple Steps to Change Your Eating Habits* Ten Easy Substitutions in Your Eating Plan* Ten Strategies to Normalize Your Blood Glucose* Ten Healthy Eating Habits for Children with Diabetes Part V: Appendixes* Appendix A: Investing in Food Supplements for Optimum Health* Appendix B: Exchange Lists* Appendix C: A Glossary of Key Cooking Terms* Appendix D: Conversions of Weights, Measures, and Sugar Substitutes* Appendix E: Other Recipe Sources for People with Diabetes

New Techniques for Studying Biomembranes describes some of the latest methods used to investigate the dynamic distribution of specific lipids in membranes and their effects on other membrane components. The contributors present important discoveries with respect to lipid analysis and lipid interactions with membrane proteins. Various methods, which have been used to study lipid bilayer structure and lipid organization in membranes, include both in vitro and in vivo membrane systems, and study membrane proteins in various membrane systems. Key Features: Reviews both in vivo and in vitro analytical technologies and methods for studying membrane structure and function Explores how lipid bilayers and membrane proteins interact Includes contributions from an international team of researchers actively studying membrane structure and function Identifies various diseases whose causes are related to membrane proteins Related Titles: Christopher R. Jacobs, Hayden Huang, and Ronald Y. Kwon. Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology (ISBN 978-0-8153-4425-4) Wendell Lim and Bruce Mayer. Cell Signaling: Principles and Mechanisms (ISBN 978-0-8153-4244-1) Stephen Rothman. Proteins Crossing Membranes: A Scientist's Memoir (978-0-3670-7449-4)

International experts from world-renowned medical schools comprehensively review for practicing clinicians and scientists alike the latest understanding of the epidemiology, causation, and consequences of diabetes and obesity. The authors discuss in detail their diagnosis, clinical manifestations, complications, and best practices for diagnosis and treatment. They also review the history and epidemiology of these conditions, explain their genetics and pathophysiology, and illuminate their known mechanisms and interactions. State-of-the-art survey-chapters critique current approaches (lifestyle and pharmacological) to the treatment of these conditions.

Over the past two decades, type 2 diabetes has emerged as a leading threat to global health, and the considerable overlap in obesity and diabetes trends are likely no coincidence. While the underpinnings for both etiologies are linked to lifestyles, particularly dietary and physical activity patterns, determining optimal approaches for preventing and managing type 2 diabetes using dietary composition remains a challenge. Nutrition and Type 2 Diabetes: Etiology and Prevention rigorously examines various perspectives on diet and type 2 diabetes. The book presents a comprehensive description and evaluation of the central research to date, primarily in humans, on the macronutrients and their subclasses, micronutrients, foods, beverages, and overall dietary patterns with respect to the risk of type 2 diabetes. It addresses the mediating/mechanistic role of obesity and body composition throughout the text where appropriate. The chapter authors, all leading researchers in the field, discuss fundamental nutritional principles applied to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes as well as applied behavioral studies on nutrition and diabetes for each subject area. The depth and breadth of this book includes aspects of the "food synergy" model for understanding the complicated pathways between nutrition, dietary habits, and risk for type 2 diabetes. It also examines the effects of artificially sweetened beverages and coffee. This reference provides a review of the science on the potential impact of many components of dietary behavior and nutritional properties on etiology and risk for this disease, knowledge that is essential for formulating informed approaches to public health progress in this area.

An unprecedented compilation of state-of-the-art advances in clinical research on diabetes and obesity by premier clinical scientists around the world. This volume critically reviews the limitations and strengths of today's major techniques in clinical diabetes research, and then reviews how those methods have been used to carry out cutting-edge studies of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism in the disease.

The book aims to cover basic physiologic functions of melatonin, and its therapeutic applications in humans for a variety of clinically relevant disorders. This book contains chapters on the recent aspects of melatonin physiology, its receptors and their role in mitochondrial function, its immunomodulatory role and importance in seasonal dependent diseases, role in human reproduction, role in sleep, circadian rhythm and sleep disorders, role in neurologic disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, melatonin's therapeutic use in neurobehavioral disorders in children, migraine and tension headache is also covered in this book. Melatonin's antioxidant role in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and in glaucoma have also been discussed in short chapters. Two major melatonin agonists, ramelteon and agomelatine are discussed extensively on their current clinical application and ongoing research. Two chapters on agomelatonin and its role in mood disorders, particularly depressive disorders, are an important feature of this book. The chapters are written by experts from the global academia recognized for their original research and published work in the field of melatonin science.

This is a comprehensive and novel text that examines key features that predispose individuals to autoimmune diseases. The first section details the basic mechanism of autoimmunity and examines immunogenetic and environmental factors in autoimmunity. The next section examines autoimmune thyroid disease. The third section takes a look at Type 1 diabetes mellitus. In the final section, authors explain other autoimmune endocrinopathies.

This book provides a concise, state-of-the art review of the surgical treatment of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. The volume reviews what current practices in surgery and metabolic syndrome and diabetes including the biohormonal effects of the different surgeries. Isolating the effects of the different procedures is critical to the decision tree for type of procedure selected for an individual patient. Specifically for diabetes, this textbook will provide a guide for practitioners to a tailored approach to the treatment. Areas of ongoing research that highlight the minimally invasive approach as well as incorporating what we know of the biochemical results of surgery are presented. Results of established weight loss procedures and ongoing trials are juxtaposed against some of the more novel techniques to ascertain a best practice. Metabolic Surgery and the Surgical Treatment of Diabetes serves as a very useful resource for physicians and researchers dealing with, and interested in, this rising epidemic of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. It provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of the field that will help guide patient management and stimulate investigative efforts.

In recent years, the clinical evolution of thyroid diseases has been studied exhaustively as new discoveries have been made about thyroid malfunction and the effective management of patients. Thyroid Diseases presents a comprehensive exposition of a range of disorders caused by thyroid dysfunction. With contributions by well-known experts in the field, the book is the first compendium in several decades to assemble a vast amount of data and research into one volume.

Following a methodological format, each chapter explores a different malady or condition. After defining the dysfunction or disease, the text presents the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, first and second level tests for diagnosis, first and second line therapies, prognosis, and recommendations for follow-up.

Highlighted topics include:

• Transient forms of hyper- and hypothyroidism
• Subclinical hyper- and hypothyroidism
• Thyroid dysfunction during gestation and postpartum
• The influence of iodine on the thyroid during pregnancy
• The importance of drugs that modify thyroid function
• Thyroid disrupters that affect thyroid homeostasis
• The bimodal and/or transient development of some thyroid diseases
• The evolution of diagnosis, priorities of therapies, and lifelong monitoring of patients

All of the contributors to this text pursued long periods of training in elite research laboratories. They are active investigators and well known in the international arena. The information presented in this volume is invaluable for practicing clinicians and those training in internal medicine, endocrinology, surgery, and other areas of medicine.

This new edition provides clinicians and trainees with the latest advances in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Beginning with an overview of physiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and classification, the next chapters discuss related issues such as nutrition, exercise and counselling. The following sections cover different aspects of the disease including emergency situations, therapeutic agents, and associated disorders including retinopathy, stroke, liver disease, and neuropathy. The final chapters examine diabetes in specific demographic groups such as in pregnancy, obesity, in the elderly and in childhood and adolescence. The eighth edition has been fully revised and includes new topics including new anti-diabetic drugs, recent clinical trials, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The book is highly illustrated with clinical photographs, tables and boxes, and each chapter concludes with MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) with answers, for self-assessment. Key points Eighth edition presenting latest advances in diagnosis and management of diabetes Fully revised, with many new topics added Features MCQs with answers for self-assessment Previous edition (9789351528531) published in 2015

Together, obesity and diabetes form a 21st century epidemic, the treatment of which consumes a substantial fraction of global health costs. New and improved therapies are therefore desperately needed.Incretins are short peptide hormones released from the gut in response to food transit. These hormones regulate a plethora of processes to control food intake, body weight and glucose homeostasis. This is one of the fastest areas of growth within diabetes research, and over the past decade, increasing numbers of novel diabetes drugs - many based on incretin action - have been added to the therapeutic armoury.Following an introduction detailing the historical perspective and discovery of incretin therapies and clinical applications, the book looks at the release of incretins at a cellular level from entero-endocrine cells, and actions on the pancreas (alpha and beta cells) and brain. It then looks at changes in incretins seen in diabetes and following bariatric surgery. Finally, the side effects of incretin therapy are discussed. Importantly, each chapter contains a methodology section aimed at providing a practical guide to key techniques in the field of incretin biology and ranges from basic laboratory research to clinical practice.Incretin Biology - A Practical Guide offers a unique perspective within this field of research by bringing together scientists, physicians and bariatric surgeons. Thus, it is a comprehensive text that offers a broad overview of the subject.

The prevalence of obesity in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world has skyrocketed in the past 20 years. Linked to heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, it is also the leading cause of osteoarthritis and the second leading cause of cancer. With contributions from leading experts in the field, Obesity: Prevention and Treatment bridges the gap between emerging understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity with concrete clinical applications for physicians and other healthcare workers in all disciplines of medicine. Following an overview of issues related to the prevention and management of obesity, the book discusses: Energy balance, the metabolic predictors of weight gain, and the role of adipokines, genetics, and the environment on obesity The epidemiology of obesity The identification and evaluation of the overweight patient as a guide to the selection of treatment Nutritional aspects of obesity treatment and management Exercise risks to which the obese patient may be more prone and steps that can be taken to mitigate these risks Behavior modification strategies for the obese patient The definition, assessment, consequences, and treatment of childhood obesity Drugs and surgical options for treatment The implications of public policy on the problem of obesity The significance of intra-abdominal and ectopic fat deposition in endocrine aspects of obesity Currently, over two thirds of the adult population in the United States is either overweight or obese. With these grim statistics, it is critically important that clinicians from all branches of medicine play an active role in diagnosing and treating obesity and its related conditions. This volume arms clinicians with the information they need to create an appropriate prevention and treatment program for their patients.