This volumes details methods focusing on technological innovation and recent advances in diabetes management. Chapters will guide readers through recent advances, beta-cell regeneration, non-invasive imaging of endogenous, transplanted islets theranostics, microRNA profiling of beta-cells and artificial intelligence, and deep learning algorithms in diabetes. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Type-1 Diabetes: Methods and Protocols is for a broad audience including basic researches, clinicians, and physician scientists whose major focus is in diabetes.

This work, Essential Endocrinology: A Primer for Nonspecialists, is written with dual purposes in mind: first, to provide a framework of basic endocrinology and diabetology to the medical student, and second, to provide a quick, con cise, and handy "guide" to the junior residents in their early years of training who wish to obtain a working knowledge about endocrine disorders that affect their patients. One of the outstanding advantages of being a teacher of en docrinology to students and junior residents is that it bestows a perspective from a unique vantage point. Books written for the junior members of our profession have suffered from extremes of caliber, ranging from excellence beyond their comprehension to insufferable mediocrity. Textbooks in en docrinology that are simple enough to cover the principles of that speciality and yet comprehensive enough without treading into controversial quicksand are few and far between. This book is aimed at filling that gap and is written with no other criterion than simplifying a complex subject matter. From this touchstone, the work has never really departed. A decade of experience as a teacher and physician in the field of endo crinologyhas impressed on me that the process of "simplification" rests on four basic principles: an understanding of endocrine concepts, the application of these concepts to the understanding of diseases, the transference of knowl edge to clinical situations, and the integration of the patient with the labo ratory, the ultimate testing ground where clinical diagnoses stand or fall."

This issue of Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, guest edited by Dr. Elsa S. Strotmeyer, is devoted to Medical Complications of Diabetes in Older Adults. Articles in this issue include: Glucose Dysregulation: Pathophysiology and Prevention; Diabetic Medications and Polypharmacy; Physical Function and Disability; Diabetes and Osteoarthritis; Adiposity, Muscle Mass, and Diabetes; Exercise and Weight Loss in Diabetes Management; Diabetes and Cognition; Diabetes and Depression; Sleep Apnea and Diabetes; Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease; and Diabetes and Balance and Falls.

From the tissue culture dish to genetically modified mice, this volume explores the long recognized role of steroid hormones in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Many striking effects of steroid hormones are apparent during development and neoplasia and these topics are covered extensively. Several chapters address the pharmacological uses of steroid and related hormones, their analogs and antagonists in controlling growth of endocrine cancers. This book also highlights the complex role of cross talk between steroid hormones and signals initiated at the cell surface in the regulation of cell cycle in hormone responsive tissues.

Diabetes is a complex disease and is also one of the most common. It is very difficult to reach an accurate estimate for the global prevalence of diabetes since the standards and methods of data collection vary widely in different parts of the world. In addition, many potential sufferers are not included in the count because according to an estimate about 50% of cases remain undiagnosed for up to 10 years. However, according to an estimate for 2010, globally, there are about 285 million people (amounting to 6.4% of the adult population) suffering from this disease. This number is estimated to increase to 439 million by 2030 if no cure is found. The general increase in life expectancy, leading to an ageing population, and the global rise in obesity are two main reasons for the increase.

With the basic platform set, Editor presents his views and advice tothe readers, especially to diabetic patients suffering from T2DM, on the basis ofhis observations and information collected from other diabetics.

Diabetes in Cardiovascular Disease is a current, expert resource focusing on the complex challenges of providing cardiovascular care to patients with diabetes. Designed as a companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, this interdisciplinary medical reference book bridges the gap between the cardiology and endocrinology communities of scientists and care providers, and highlights the emerging scientific and clinical topics that are relevant for cardiologists, diabetologists/endocrinologists, and the extended diabetes care team. Access essential coverage of basic and clinical sciences, complemented by an expanded focus on epidemiology, behavioral sciences, health policy, and disparities in health care. Take advantage of a format that follows that of the well-known and internationally recognized Braunwald's Heart Disease. Review the best available clinical data and pragmatic recommendations for the prevention and management of cardiovascular complications of diabetes; national/societal intervention strategies to curb the growing prevalence of diabetes; and the current pathophysiological understanding of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with diabetes. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase.

Key Features: 1. Builds on its strength of having excellent content on long-term management of hyperglycemia by including pancreas and islet transplantation. 2. Contains invaluable information on glucose monitoring for healthcare professionals interested in diabetes.

This issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Paul Hruz, is devoted to HIV and Endocrine Disorders. Articles in this issue include: Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in HIV infection; Changes in nutritional concerns in HIV/AIDS; HIV Lipodystrophy: Lessons learned about adipose tissue and metabolic disorders; Hypogonadism in the HIV infected male; Gonadal function and reproductive health in women with HIV; Osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fracture risk with HIV infection and treatment; HIV-associated calcium and vitamin D abnormalities; Alterations in pancreatic islet function in HIV; Insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and diabetes in HIV; Thyroid abnormalities in HIV; HPA axis/adrenal pathology in HIV; and Endocrinopathies in HIV-infected children.

This book covers the most important clinical and bench science aspects of metabolic syndrome. It will be of value to all of those seeking a comprehensive update on the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, it will provide a broad basis for advancing research in the multiple intersecting disciplines encompassed by the metabolic syndrome.

Contents:
1. What do gap junctions do anyway? 2. Cardiovascular gap junctions: Functional Diversity, complementation and specialization of connexins 3. Endothelium and smooth muscle pathways for conduction along resistance microvessels 4. Membrane potential and calcium responses evoked by acetylcholine in submucosal arterioles of the guinea-pig small intestine 5. The effects of ouabain, 18a-glycyrrhetinic acid and connexin-mimetic peptides on intercellular communication in cells expressing a Cx43-GFP chimeric protein 6. Role of gap junctions in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations 7. Heterogeneity of EDHF-type relaxations of rabbit and rat arteries analysed with peptides homologous to the extracelluar loops of connexins 37, 40 and 43 8. Myoendothelial and circumferential spread of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in coronary arteries 9. Direct myoendothelial contact in human pulmonary microvessels 10. Role of gap junctional communication in EDHF-mediated responses and mechanisms of K-induced dilatations 11. Comparison of alpha and beta isoforms of glycyrrhetinic acid and carbenoxolone as inhibitors of EDHF-type relaxation 12. Inhibitory effect of 18-beta-glycyrrhetinic acid on the relaxation induced by acetylcholine in the rat aorta 13. A central role for endothelial cell potassium channels in EDHF-mediated responses 14. Could the EDHF be K in porcine coronary arteries? 15. Nitro-L-arginine/indomethacin-resistant relaxations to acetylcholine in small gastric arteries of the rat: Effect of ouabain plus Ba2+ and relation to potassium ions 16. Effects of barium, ouabain and K+ on the resting membrane potential and endothelium-dependent responses in rat arteries 17. EDHF and potassium: Blockade of chloride channels reveals relaxations of rat mesenteric artery to potassium 18. Cytochrome P450 2C is a source of EDHF and reactive oxygen species in the porcine coronary artery 19. Cortisol increases EDHF-mediated relaxations in porcine coronary artery 19. Cortisol increases EDHF-mediated relaxations in porcine coronary arteries and up-regulates the expression of cytochrome P450 2C9 20. An arachidonic acid metabolite(s) produced by the endothelial cytochrome P450 isoform, CYP3A4, relaxes the lingual artery of the monkey via K+ channel opening 21. EDHF-mediated responses induced by bradykinin in the porcine coronary artery 22. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid release mediates nitric oxide-independent dilatation of rat mesenteric vessels 23. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in porcine coronary arteries 24. Lipoxygenase-derived metabolites of arachidonic acid are not involved in the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization to acetylcholine in the carotid artery of the guinea-pig 25. Cytochrome P450 isoforms in the brain encode cell specific hyperpolarizing factors with a common mechanism of action 26. Expression of recombinant cytochrome P450 epoxygenase in rat brain 27. Identification of 11, 12, 15-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid as the mediator of acetylcholine- and arachidonic acid-induced relaxations in the rabbit aorta 28. Identification of hydrogen peroxide as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in mice 29. Components of the potassium currents underlying the actions of endothelium- derived hyperpolarizing factor in arterioles 30. Evidence for relaxation to endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in isolated small mesenteric arteries of the mouse 31. Pharmacological characterization of potassium channels in intact mesenteric arteries and single smooth muscle cells from eNOS-/- and +/+ mice 32. EDHF, which is not NO, is a major endothelium-dependent vasodilator in mice 33. Prostacyclin and iloprost in the isolated carotid artery of the guinea pig 34. Role of charybdotoxin/apamin sensitive K+ Ca channels in pulsatile perfusion- mediated coronary vasodilatation in vivo 35. Essential role of estrogen in the EDHF-mediated responses of mesenteric arteries from middle-aged female rats: Possible contribution of gap junctional protein connexin 43 36. Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and utero-feto-placental circulation in the rat 37. Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor maintains a normal relaxation to bradykinin despite impairment of the nitric oxide pathway in porcine coronary arteries with regenerated endothelium 38. Mechanisms underlying the vasodilatation caused by bradykinin in essential hypertensive patients 39. Influence of diabetes on endothelium-dependent responses in mesenteric and femoral arteries of rats 40. Folate restores the NO synthase- and cyclooxygenase-resistant renal vasodilator response to acetylcholine in diabetes 41. Resistance of EDHF-mediated relaxations to oxidative stress in human radial arteries 42. Critical limb ischemia results in different types of endothelial dysfunction depending on the vascular bed studied 43. Potentiated EDHF-mediated dilatations in the rat middle cerebral artery following ischemia/reperfusion 44. The EDHF-dependent but not the NO-dependent component of the acetylcholine-induced relaxation of the rabbit aorta is resistant to ionized radiation 45. Inhibition of converting enzyme prevents the age-related decline in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization 46. Effects of a converting enzyme inhibitor, an AT1-receptor antagonist and their combination on endothelial dysfunction in hypertension 47. EDHF: Gap junction or chemical? And many other questions

This comprehensive text is unique in its compilation of experiences in addressing the global diabetes epidemic and description of diverse worldwide prevention initiatives. Background chapters describe the diagnosis and definition of diabetes, the epidemiology, pathophysiology of prediabetes as well as clinical trial evidence for diabetes prevention and treatment. Furthermore, the critical role of government in formulating a global health agenda, policy perspectives for European initiatives, the importance of nutritional policies for diabetes prevention as well as the development of the necessary capacity and infrastructure for diabetes prevention are described. Given the prevalence of diabetes in South Asians and migrants, one chapter focuses on risk factors and prevention of diabetes in these communities. Other chapters detail local and regional approaches covering a truly global span: United States, Latin America, Europe, India, Turkey, (Siberia) Russia, the Middle East and North Africa, South Africa, Israel, East Asia and Australia.Authored by academic experts in endocrinology and diabetes and global leaders in epidemiology and public health, this landmark text is an authoritative reference for a diverse audience including government, public health and policy experts and researchers, academicians, healthcare professionals, endocrinologists and clinicians interested in prediabetes and diabetes prevention, graduate students and faculty in public and global health graduate programs, epidemiologists, nutritionists, sociologists and those in translational medicine. Readers will broaden their awareness of the prevailing and burgeoning diabetes epidemic and the remarkably creative worldwide prevention initiatives undertaken to address the seemingly insurmountable inherent challenges posed by this global health care crisis. The text is an attestation to the wonderful potential for enormous human collaboration and achievement when communal organizations, governments at local, regional and national levels, researchers, the medical and public health communities, and nutrition experts join with global citizenry in confronting one of the most significant healthcare challenges witnessed in this century.

There is growing interest in the field of melatonin research regarding its neurobiological mechanisms as well as its repercussions in clinical practice. Melatonin: Therapeutic Value and Neuroprotection explores melatonin's neuroprotective effects and discusses the therapeutic potential of melatonin and melatonin agonists in treating neurodegenerative diseases and other ailments. Topics include: The basic aspects of melatonin's physiology, including its production, bioavailability, and metabolism The functional importance of melatonin receptors and their role in mediating the therapeutic effectiveness of melatonin in cancer Melatonin's effect on the regulation of blood pressure, sleep, and circadian rhythms The cardioprotective role of melatonin The neuroprotective role in glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and neurodegenerative diseases Use as a therapeutic agent for treating epilepsy and degenerative discs Treatment for obesity, diabetes mellitus, and other metabolic disorders Protective role in peri-natal hypoxic-ischemia The contributors also examine the discovery of a number of melatonergic agonists, their potential role as antioxidants, and their therapeutic applications in treating glaucoma, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, primary insomnia, and psychiatric disorders. Opening new vistas in our understanding of etiology, pharmacotherapy, and treatment, the book is a significant milestone in our knowledge about advances in melatonin's physiology and its therapeutic application in a number of disorders.

Key features include: Details the role of plants for the treatment and management of cancer and diabetes Discusses the role of phytocompounds as ligands for cancer and diabetic targets Reviews plants and the potential of phytochemicals as antidiabetic and anticancer drugs Explores the green biosynthesis of nanoparticles and their treatment efficiency

Dopamine is a small molecule traditionally regarded as a brain-derived neuronal modulator implicated in many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Outside the brain, dopamine fulfills all the criteria of a circulating hormone which affects normal and abnormal functions of multiple organs and regulatory systems and is also involved in many aspects of cancer formation and progression. This book provides a much needed systematic account of dopamine as an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine hormone and fills a major gap in the overall understanding of the production, distribution and actions of this very important molecule. Key Features: Explores the many different faces of dopamine as autocrine, paracrine and endocrine molecule Documents the adverse effects of antipsychotics on dopamine functions Reviews the many ways dopamine affects the cardiovascular, renal and reproductive systems Provides updates on receptor oligomerization and signaling Examines the role of dopamine in tumorigenesis Related Titles Jones, S. ed. Dopamine - Glutamate Interactions in the Basal Ganglia (ISBN 978-0-3673-8197-4) Luo, L. Principles of Neurobiology (ISBN 978-0-8153-4494-0) Sidhu, A. et al., eds. Dopamine Receptors and Transporters (ISBN 978-0-8247-0854-2)

Psychoneuroendocrinology is the study of the interaction between hormones, the brain and human behaviour. This is the first book to examine psychoneuroendocrinology in the context of sport and exercise, offering a comprehensive review of current research and assessment techniques and highlighting directions for future research.

The book explores the links between hormones and behaviour, and draws important conclusions for how their study will aid in the understanding of the bidirectional link between sport and behaviour, central to the psychology of sport and exercise. It presents the key hormones that underpin behaviour in a sporting context, including the description of their physiologic mechanisms and behavioural effects. The book reports benchmark standards for the assessment and analysis of hormonal influences of behaviour in sport, and examines practical issues and contexts such as emotional state, overtraining and stress.

Psychoneuroendocrinology in Sport and Exercise is a breakthrough text that will be of interest to all advanced students and researchers working in the psychology and physiology of sport and exercise.

International experts from world-renowned medical schools comprehensively review for practicing clinicians and scientists alike the latest understanding of the epidemiology, causation, and consequences of diabetes and obesity. The authors discuss in detail their diagnosis, clinical manifestations, complications, and best practices for diagnosis and treatment. They also review the history and epidemiology of these conditions, explain their genetics and pathophysiology, and illuminate their known mechanisms and interactions. State-of-the-art survey-chapters critique current approaches (lifestyle and pharmacological) to the treatment of these conditions.

Sleep has recently been recognized as a critical determinant of energy balance regulating, restoration and repair of many of the physiologic and psychologic processes involved in modulating energy intake and utilization. In addition to having an impact on obesity, sleep abnormalities, both quantitative and qualitative, have now been shown to have significant effects on obesity associated comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome, premalignant lesions and cancer. Sleep problems and fatigue also constitute a significant challenge for the ever expanding group of cancer survivors. Moreover, circadian misalignment, such as that experienced by "shift workers" has been shown to be associated with an increased incidence of several malignancies including, breast, colorectal and prostate cancer, consistent with the increasing recognition of the role of clock genes in the metabolic processes. Of increasing concern is the accelerating incidence of sleep disorders in childhood, their association with childhood obesity and associated abnormalities of circulating cytokines, adipokines and metabolic factors, many of which are implicated as etiologic mediators of the connection between obesity and cancer. Extensive studies have now been initiated to investigate the mechanisms by which disturbances in sleep duration, sleep continuity and sleep related breathing affect circadian rhythm, central and peripheral tissue oxygenation and metabolism, quality and quantity of dietary intake and circulating inflammatory cytokines and regulatory hormones. This volume aims to present the latest research on sleep, sleep disturbance and its correlation to obesity and cancer.

An unprecedented compilation of state-of-the-art advances in clinical research on diabetes and obesity by premier clinical scientists around the world. This volume critically reviews the limitations and strengths of today's major techniques in clinical diabetes research, and then reviews how those methods have been used to carry out cutting-edge studies of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism in the disease.

This volume presents the evolution of the authors' ideas about estrogen action and its modulation by a new group of drugs called SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators). The pioneering SERMs - tamoxifen and raloxifene - are known to have saved the lives of millions of women around the world and improved the health of millions more. Estrogen is the central hormone of women's health and reproduction. The book is a journey through 40 years of discovery and success in advancing women's health, with the prospect of improved innovation through medicinal chemistry for the future.

Over the past two decades, type 2 diabetes has emerged as a leading threat to global health, and the considerable overlap in obesity and diabetes trends are likely no coincidence. While the underpinnings for both etiologies are linked to lifestyles, particularly dietary and physical activity patterns, determining optimal approaches for preventing and managing type 2 diabetes using dietary composition remains a challenge. Nutrition and Type 2 Diabetes: Etiology and Prevention rigorously examines various perspectives on diet and type 2 diabetes. The book presents a comprehensive description and evaluation of the central research to date, primarily in humans, on the macronutrients and their subclasses, micronutrients, foods, beverages, and overall dietary patterns with respect to the risk of type 2 diabetes. It addresses the mediating/mechanistic role of obesity and body composition throughout the text where appropriate. The chapter authors, all leading researchers in the field, discuss fundamental nutritional principles applied to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes as well as applied behavioral studies on nutrition and diabetes for each subject area. The depth and breadth of this book includes aspects of the "food synergy" model for understanding the complicated pathways between nutrition, dietary habits, and risk for type 2 diabetes. It also examines the effects of artificially sweetened beverages and coffee. This reference provides a review of the science on the potential impact of many components of dietary behavior and nutritional properties on etiology and risk for this disease, knowledge that is essential for formulating informed approaches to public health progress in this area.

The book aims to cover basic physiologic functions of melatonin, and its therapeutic applications in humans for a variety of clinically relevant disorders. This book contains chapters on the recent aspects of melatonin physiology, its receptors and their role in mitochondrial function, its immunomodulatory role and importance in seasonal dependent diseases, role in human reproduction, role in sleep, circadian rhythm and sleep disorders, role in neurologic disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, melatonin's therapeutic use in neurobehavioral disorders in children, migraine and tension headache is also covered in this book. Melatonin's antioxidant role in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and in glaucoma have also been discussed in short chapters. Two major melatonin agonists, ramelteon and agomelatine are discussed extensively on their current clinical application and ongoing research. Two chapters on agomelatonin and its role in mood disorders, particularly depressive disorders, are an important feature of this book. The chapters are written by experts from the global academia recognized for their original research and published work in the field of melatonin science.

This volume is the proceedings of the International Conference on Inhibin, Activin: Recent Advances and Future Views held in Tokushima, Japan from November 9-10, 1996. The Internationally recognized faculty present the latest research in the exploration of inhibin, activin and follistatin mechanisms of action.