Physical activity exerts an important influence on the endocrine system, modulating synthesis and secretion of several hormones. Almost every organ and system in the body is affected by physical activity and exercise, mainly through the endocrine and neuroendocrine system. Mode, intensity, and duration of the exercise bout, age, gender and fitness level of the individual as well as environmental and psychological factors may affect the endocrine response to physical activity. On the other hand, several hormones are able to influence physical performance and body composition. Thus, a bi-univocal interrelationship between exercise and hormones exists. In this book new developments on metabolic and endocrine response to exercise are revised and introduce the "hot topic" of hormonal doping in sports. In the past decades, hormone abuse has become a widespread habit among professional and - most of all and more frequently - recreational athletes. A substantial part of this volume is devoted to the effects of exogenous hormones on performance. Anabolic steroids, growth hormone and erythropoietin properties, use and misuse in sports are widely described. Specific methods to detect hormone abuse are presented and discussed. The contributors to this volume are well-known experts and dedicated researchers in the fields of sports medicine and endocrinology, endocrine physiology, pharmacology, and doping detection. The purpose of this volume is to provide all professionals involved in sports medicine and endocrinology a state-of-the-art overview of the complex interactions between physical activity and the endocrine system and to focus on hormone abuse in sports at competitive and recreational level highlighting its negative consequences for long-term health.

Encyclopedia of Gastroenterology, Second Edition, Four Volume Set provides a comprehensive and concise reference on all aspects of gastroenterology and hepatology, including the organs in the gastrointestinal system, their functions in health and disease, and strategies or procedures to resolve or prevent problems and disease. This concise, up-to-date information includes comprehensive sections on the impact of nutrition, gastrointestinal microbiota, lifestyle, commonly used drugs, and surgical procedures on health and disease. Since the first edition, attention to the roles of nutrition and gastrointestinal microorganisms (microbiota, formerly Microbiota) in health and disease has skyrocketed. In addition, an entirely new section on obesity and diabetes is included.

Published on behalf of The British Dietetic Association , Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Diabetes is an exploration of the evidence and practice of nutrition in diabetes, offering a global view of the lifestyle interventions for the prevention and management of diabetes, including management of complications and special population groups. With internationally recognised authors, this book applies the rigour of evidence-based medicine to important enduring topics in diabetes, such as: * public health efforts at diabetes prevention * formulating nutritional guidelines for diabetes * carbohydrates and the glycaemic index * the management of diabetes in older people The authors draw on their research and practical experience to offer sound guidance on best practice, ensuring that interventions are both scientifically secure and effective. ABOUT THE SERIES Dietary recommendations need to be based on solid evidence, but where can you find this information? The British Dietetic Association and the publishers of the Manual of Dietetic Practice present an essential and authoritative reference series on the evidence base relating to advanced aspects of nutrition and diet in selected clinical specialties. Each book provides a comprehensive and critical review of key literature in its subject. Each covers established areas of understanding, current controversies and areas of future development and investigation, and is oriented around six key themes: * Disease processes, including metabolism, physiology, and genetics * Disease consequences, including morbidity, mortality, nutritional epidemiology and patient perspectives * Nutritional consequences of diseases * Nutritional assessment, drawing on anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, dietary, economic and social approaches * Clinical investigation and management * Nutritional and dietary management * Trustworthy, international in scope, and accessible, Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics is a vital resource for a range of practitioners, researchers and educators in nutrition and dietetics, including dietitians, nutritionists, doctors and specialist nurses. Please note Due to recent developments in this area, Chapter 4.3 on Nutritional management of glycaemia in type 2 diabetes has been withdrawn from the publication, and all future reprints will be replaced by a new chapter. All ebook versions are already updated. The contributor retains copyright to this chapter whilst their name still appears associated to the chapter.

355 articles arranged under the following sections: B and T Cells of the Mucosal Immune System: Trafficking and Cytokine Regulation. Nonlymphoid Cells of the Mucosal Immune System: Epithelial Cells, APC, and Other Cell Types. Development of Mucosal Immunity: Reproductive Tract, Ontogeny, Phylogeny, and Immunodeficiency. Gnotobiology, Environmental, Nutritional, and Intrinsic Factors in Mucosal Immunology. Structure, Proteolysis, and Function of Mucosal Immunoglobulins: Cellular Receptors. Clinical Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunodeficiency, and Allergology. Microbial, Parasite, and HIV Mucosal Infections. Immunology of the Liver. Oral Immunology and Immunopathology. Autoimmunity, Oral Tolerance, and Aging. Chronic Inflammation, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Celiac Disease. Induction of Mucosal Immune Responses and Vaccine Delivery Systems. Index.

The management of diabetes in children and young people continues to develop in important areas, including self-monitoring, insulin delivery, dietary prescription, concept of control and the early identification of complications. Meanwhile responsibility for care has become a partnership between patients, parents and a multi-disciplinary team of health professionals. Key features of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes include:

• Stand-alone chapters offering practical solutions to problems confronting children, young people and their parents
• Rational advice on monitoring and managing diabetic complications
• Guidance on the involvement of families, schools and teachers
• Discussion of the psychological aspects
• Recommendations on setting standards of care, audit, data-handling and registration
• Suggestions for setting up and running activities beyond the clinic

Comprised of cases presenting diverse clinical scenarios involving pituitary tumors and related conditions, this concise, practical casebook provides clinical endocrinologists with the best real-world strategies to properly diagnose and treat the various presentations and symptoms they may encounter in daily practice. Discussing macroprolactinoma, non-functioning adenoma, TSH-secreting adenoma, Cushing's disease and acromegaly, each chapter is a case that provides a unique clinical presentation of a patient's symptoms and clinical findings, diagnostic work-up and the thought process involved in navigating the treatment options, as well as the supporting evidence. Cases included illustrate different types of tumors, related disorders and special situations and considerations, in addition to various management strategies, complications and outcomes, with helpful clinical pearls and pitfalls. Pragmatic and reader-friendly, Pituitary Tumors: A Clinical Casebook is written by experts in the field and is designed to facilitate and guide endocrinologists in the sometimes challenging decision-making process by presenting real case scenarios that span the spectrum of pituitary tumor presentations and treatment options.

Diabetes is a chronic disease involving self-management by the patients. This book teaches providers the skills to translate and transfer complex medical information to empower patients to participate in making well-informed decisions about their own care on a daily basis, as directed by the American Diabetes Association. It provides the basic knowledge around the pathophysiology of diabetes, different management options including insulin management and calculations, information on how foods affect blood sugars and how to address cardiovascular risk factors. This book aims to change clinical outcomes through its unique presentation of information and its approach to awareness. Key Features Follows a unique approach in imparting techniques that bring long-term patient behaviour changes, making the provision of chronic disease management more efficient and satisfying Serves to help professionals in their day-to-day patient management to achieve better outcomes Addresses the area of need for primary care and helps to make well-informed decisions by understanding the essential cost of care

In order to maximize the chance of IVF success, couples need to ensure that their preconceptual health is optimal to increase the quality of gametes and reproductive fitness. This text reviews the medical and lifestyle factors that can affect the body at preconception stage, such as micronutrients, stress, hormonal and gynecologic assessment, as well as environmental factors such as optimal weight and age for childbirth. This book will enable all medical practitioners and healthcare professionals to give evidence-based advice to influence the success rate of subsequent IVF cycles, and ensure that every child is born in the best possible condition. Part of a four-book series on optimizing different aspects of the IVF cycle, this book focusses on preparing the body for assisted conception. Other books in the series focus on the egg and embryo, the endometrium, and the sperm.

Key features include: Details the role of plants for the treatment and management of cancer and diabetes Discusses the role of phytocompounds as ligands for cancer and diabetic targets Reviews plants and the potential of phytochemicals as antidiabetic and anticancer drugs Explores the green biosynthesis of nanoparticles and their treatment efficiency

'Two years ago I turned 50, weighed 22 stone and was heavily medicated for type 2 diabetes. I thought it would be all downhill from there. By radically changing my nutrition, cutting out sugar, and taking up exercise, I've changed my life and reversed my diabetes. I hope my story will inspire others to regain their health and happiness and discover the new lease of life I'm experiencing.'

Tom Watson began to put on weight in his early twenties, having developed an appetite for fast food and cheap beer while studying at the University of Hull. As time progressed - and his penchant for anything sweet, fatty or fizzy persisted - he found himself adjusting his belt, loosening his collar and upsizing his wardrobe to XXL. He continued to pile on the pounds when he entered the world of politics as MP for West Bromwich East (despite short-lived flirtations with fad diets and fitness classes). By December 2014, his bathroom scales had tipped to 22 stone. After being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in late 2015, he decided to take control of his diet and exercise. He started to feel better quickly and within a short time his long-term blood sugar levels were within normal range. By July 2018, he came off medication.

This issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics, Guest Edited by Dr. Vin Tangpricha, will focus on Transgender Medicine. This issue is one of four issues selected per year by the series Consulting Editor, Adriana Ioachimescu. Topics include, but are not limited to, Epidemiology of Transgender, Etiology of Gender Expression and Identity, Hormone therapy in children and adolescents, Transfeminine Hormone Therapy, Transmasculine Hormone Therapy, Dermatologic Conditions in Transgender persons, Gender Affirming Surgery, Fertility Considerations in Transgender persons, Transgender Medicine in the Military, Transgender Medicine in the Elderly, Mental Health in Transgender Persons, Primary Care in Transgender Persons, Cancer Risk in Transgender Persons, Osteoporosis, HIV in Transgender Persons, and Education Needs of Providers of Transgender Populations.

Sex-Steroid Interactions with Growth Hormone presents the proceedings of an international symposium held from October 22-25 in Naples, Florida. The proceedings provide new insights and concepts gained by molecular, cellular and neuroendocrine research into mechanistic interactions of the reproductive and somatotrophic axes. Chapters include discussions of the impact of sex steroids on growth hormone secretion in both children and adults; sex steroids, growth hormone releasing factor, and somatostatin; how sex steroids modulate growth hormone action on target issues; and differential effects of growth hormone secretagogues in men and women. This volume is designed for physicians, scientists and other health professionals interested or trained in clinical and basic endocrinology, growth or reproduction.

The Forensic Aspects of Hypoglycaemia succinctly covers the medicolegal considerations of hypoglycaemia in a variety of scenarios including driving fatalities, petty crime, homicide and suicide. Covering the definitions and diagnosis of hypoglycaemia to its bearing on criminal behavior, this book draws on the author's extensive experience and contains a wealth of information for physicians and lawyers, including cases from the author's past and notable cases in the public domain.

In this concise, gold-standard 4th edition book, the volume editors and authors synthesize the prior three editions and provide a comprehensive and expanded review on the latest in the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules, as well as an update on parathyroid disease and non-endocrine lesions of the neck. This user-friendly edition again emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach to thyroid ultrasound and UGFNA, offering all the new information and subtleties clinicians must know in the application of this technique, now firmly established as a primary tool for diagnosing and managing thyroid disease. Developed by renowned experts in thyroid and parathyroid disease, the book covers not only thyroid and parathyroid disease, but also imaging of the salivary glands and other non-endocrine lesions of the neck. In this edition, the authors expand the chapters on both surgical and non-surgical management. Given the increased use of molecular markers in thyroid evaluation, an excellent chapter addresses this topic. Finally, as more endocrinologists and surgeons perform ultrasounds in their office practices, a chapter on authoring ultrasound reports is now included. Combining the collective wisdom of specialists who treat patients with thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer and parathyroid disease, Handbook of Thyroid and Parathyroid Ultrasound and Ultrasound-Guided FNA, 4th Edition is an invaluable resource and will continue serving as the "go to" guide for surgeons, endocrinologists, fellows and residents. Foreword by Peter A. Singer, MD, Chief of Clinical Endocrinology and Director, Thyroid Diagnostic Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA.

Numerous research programs have developed over the last decade to improve the understanding of the causes, prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications. Efficient synthesis of the data and information from these diverse sources is crucial to prioritize interventions and assemble resources for the implementation of public health programs. This book meets this need and builds on previous works to reflect the evolution of science related to diabetes public health. Through compelling evidence related to the current health and economic impact of diabetes, the book provides effective approaches to prevent and manage diabetes through the practice of public health. It combines state-of-the-art descriptions of risk factors and complications, effective and cost-effective approaches to prevention and treatment, translational research, and genomics to give a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis on diabetes public health. Critical review and synthesis of influential epidemiologic studies and consensus statements, expected future advances in trials and technologies, and public health information resources are also highlighted topics. With significant attention to diabetes control in the U.S. and North America, Diabetes Public Health should be required reading for public health practitioners and researchers, as well as anyone involved in health policy, administration and management. It will also be of interest to academics in the field of diabetes and other chronic diseases.

The Third Edition of Medical Management of Thyroid Disease provides the most up-to-date practical guidance for the diagnosis and management of common and uncommon thyroid diseases. It reflects the advancement in guidelines and research for thyroid cancer, nodules and hypothyroidism; all presented in an accessible format with more illustrations and algorithms for management. The contributions of internationally renowned endocrinologists present the clinical aspects from the world's perspective. Key Features * Completely revised and updated * Reorganized with more algorithms for quick reference and enhanced usability * Edited by internationally renowned physicians in the field * Authoritative, comprehensive and yet easily digestible

Mention diabetes and what are the first things that leap to mind? Sugar levels, gluclose monitoring, and insulin? According to leading diabetes specialist Dr. Stevan Joyal, to truly combat the diabetes epidemic--both preventing it and improving the quality of life for those who have it--we must start smaller, by focusing on the microscopic yet most critical factors that control your genes and your cells. In WHAT YOUR DOCTOR MAY NOT TELL YOU ABOUT DIABETES, Dr. Joyal tells readers how to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes and reverse prediabetes (a condition affecting half of all Americans), by positively influencing the genes and cells in the body that cause the condition--all without the use of special gadgets, or crazy fad diets. In this groundbreaking, integrative treatment plan, you will find:
-the testing procedures that EVERYONE should have to discover their diabetes and prediabetes risk level
-tools to prevent and significantly control minor to serious diabetic complications
-important guidelines on diet, including especially effective "superfoods"
-an individualized, scientifically-proven natural supplement regime
-a manageable and effective exercise program
-lifestyle changes, including stress reduction tips, that can really make a difference
-recommendations on pharmaceuticals when necessary

Historically, clinical decisions in renal medicine have been challenged by the scarce availability of robust supportive evidence. Not only are the number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Nephrology the third lowest amongst the medical specialties but in many instances the trials themselves are of poor quality. In addition, practice has been further influenced by extrapolation from the outcomes of general population clinical trials which exclude renal patients. The difference between the ideal trial participant and real complex cases encountered in daily practice is well recognized and further compounded in renal patients with complex pathophysiology - this ultimately makes decision making in this subset of patients a real challenge. Recently, there has been a growing interest in conducting well designed RCTs in different areas of renal medicine. However, though clinical guidelines are helpful in providing the clinicians with a frame of best available evidence for a clinical condition, it denies the unique nature of each individual patient. This book offers a thorough and critical appraisal and evaluation of the key published clinical trials that have shaped current practice in nephrology, dialysis and transplantation. It will help the practicing physician close the gap between the inflexible and generalized nature of clinical guidelines and the day-to-day clinical decision-making for individual patients. It will provide the clinician with the tools required to investigate and extract the appropriate guidance to apply to individual cases in daily practice. Moreover, it will help improve the ability of junior colleagues to appraise available evidence in a systematic way when there is lack of local guidelines or when the guidelines are difficult to apply due to logistic constraints or barriers. Lastly, this book will serve as a reference for key clinical trials in different areas of renal medicine together with literature and authors views of these trials and their impact on changing practice.​ 

Any surgical intervention, elective or acute, may lead to postoperative complications. Moreover, the pertaining approach - laparoscopic or open - will probably not differ in the morbidity rate after surgery. Complications that occur after a surgical intervention can be classified as major or minor. Major complications to the digestive tract after surgery imply in most of cases a leakage of an anastomosis, bleeding in the abdominal cavity or in the tract, the appearance of intraperitoneal abscesses, or surgical site infections and wound dehiscence. These complications, depending on the organ affected, upper GI, HPB tract or colorectal, are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early suspicion and diagnosis, followed by an early and effective treatment is imperative in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Adequate treatment will involve a good coordination of the three disciplines involved in treatment: the surgeon, the intervention radiologist, and the gastroenterologist. Approach of these postoperative complications is changing constantly and these changes are not properly known by general and more specialized digestive surgeons daily involved in the treatment of these diseases. The proposal for this book is to offer a systematic description of the most frequent complications occurring in the three above mentioned parts of the digestive tract. In this way, the reader will have access to a practical book in which every current complication can be easily recognized, along with relevant information as guide for an adequate treatment.

This volume offers an up-to-date overview on the major areas of gynecological endocrinology, presenting the latest advances in adolescent gynecological endocrinology, assisted reproduction, menstrual-related disorders, sexuality and transsexualism, polycystic ovary syndrome, myometrial pathology and adenomyosis, obesity and metabolic syndrome, hormonal contraception, premature ovarian failure and menopause. In each chapter the recent advances deriving from basic science and clinical investigations are related to the practical management of the condition under consideration, taking into account the need for individualized therapies. The book is published within the ISGE Book Series, a joint venture between the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology and Springer and is based on the 2014 International School of Gynecological and Reproductive Endocrinology Winter Course. It will be an important tool for obstetricians and gynecologists, endocrinologists and experts in women's health as well as interested GPs.

​This book provides up-to-date information on all aspects of autoimmune pancreatitis, a unique form of pancreatitis characterized clinically by frequent presentation with obstructive jaundice and dramatic response to steroids, histologically by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with fibrosis, and radiologically by pancreatic enlargement. Current concepts regarding the disease and its classification into subtypes 1 and 2 are explained, and clinical, serological, and histopathological findings are carefully described. Imaging features on all the relevant modalities are illustrated, covering both the pancreas and other involved organs. Current and emerging therapeutic strategies, including steroids, immunomodulatory drugs, and rituximab, are then discussed. The reader will find the book to be an excellent aid to the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis and its differentiation from pancreatobiliary malignancies, as well as a clear guide to treatment.

The world is beset by a pandemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes and the need for new drugs is startlingly clear; recent years have seen a huge increase in research activity to fill this gap. The development of new drugs for diabetes and obesity must be founded upon a sound appreciation of the pathophysiology of these common disorders. The dual defects of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion are fundamental to the pathogenesis and progression of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. There is a need to explain how new drugs can counter insulin resistance and insulin deficiency to a broad range of professionals, from clinical scientists active in early (and later) phase drug development to specialist physicians and increasingly primary care doctors who must tailor drug regimens to the individual patient. Clinical research methods for measuring insulin action and insulin secretion have become well-established in proof-of-mechanism studies; however, selection of the best techniques is by no means straightforward. The purpose of the book is to aid the selection of the most appropriate techniques for assessing insulin action, insulin secretion and body composition in humans (with particular reference to new drugs) in phase 1 and 2 studies and aid the understanding of drug effects and non-drug treatment strategies on key biochemical-hormonal defects of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The book will assume a working knowledge of human physiology relating to glucose metabolism and will be of interest to biomedical scientists, pharmacologists, academics involved in metabolic research and clinicians practicing in these specialties.

Characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, metabolic syndrome is associated with the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Obesity, which increases the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and subsequently leads to increased stress and inflammation, appears to play a central role in the progression of the syndrome. Evidence of inflammatory processes in accumulated fat appears to be an early initiator of metabolic syndrome. Likewise, the more active angiotensin system in obesity may contribute to even greater oxidative stress that serves as a key signaling event in vascular remodeling. These factors strengthen obesity's association with oxidative stress. Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Mechanisms in Obesity, Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome is designed to encourage the development of evidence-based nutritional and pharmacological therapies that can attenuate the impact of obesity-induced insulin resistance and ensuing metabolic syndrome. The book offers a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the process. Edited by leading authorities on oxidative stress, the book's chapters report on cutting-edge research that explores intracellular events mediating or preventing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory processes in obesity and type 2 diabetes. It also brings together research on the molecular mechanisms inherent in the progression of metabolic stress, includes phenotypic perspectives, and discusses dietary factors, including the role of micronutrients. The chapter authors, each a leading expert in his or her field, discuss different components of metabolic stress and obesity and their associations with oxidative stress and inflammation. The book fills a unique role as a base of knowledge for researchers seeking to develop nutritional and or pharmacological therapies, as well as clinicians seeking a better understanding of this increasingly common dis