Natural gas, including liquefied natural gas (LNG), has clear environmental benefits over other, more carbon-intensive fossil fuels. Substituting other fossil fuels by natural gas can substantially reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and of other pollutants (particulate matter, and oxides of nitrogen and sulfur) and contribute to the decarbonisation policy objectives. Regasification terminals can play a key role in ensuring security of supply, diversification of supply, as well as enabling the integration of renewable energy. This publication looks into a case study in truck loading.

With huge supplies, including from unconventional plays, and its low carbon properties as compared to oil and coal and decreasing transport hurdles, natural gas has what it takes to fulfil the escalating demand for energy. Yet, the promise that it held a few years ago as the fastest growing major source of energy appears to be fading, ironically due to abundant supplies. On the one hand, while the risk of recovering producers' costs for the high capital investments required for production and liquefaction is increasing, on the other, consumers are demanding lower prices in a market that has turned in favour of the buyer. As a result, geopolitics, which was always in play in the energy market, is growing, as gas producing and exporting countries compete for a larger share of the market, or at the very least, retain their existing ones. More importantly, the entry of new supply sources is also pushing the market from the traditional oil-indexed pricing mechanism that was prevalent in the European and Asian markets, towards a more flexible mechanism, including a hub-based one. As liquidity in the gas market is increasing, there are also signs that a global market, as against the current regional one, may be emerging. This volume looks at the evolving gas market and the various players who influence it - both as producers and consumers. However, some of the players, such as Australia and the new African producers, as well as Japan and South Korea, the two largest LNG consumers, have not been included as their approach tends to be more commercial than geopolitical in nature.

Microorganisms are ubiquitously present in petroleum reservoirs and the facilities that produce them. Pipelines, vessels, and other equipment used in upstream oil and gas operations provide a vast and predominantly anoxic environment for microorganisms to thrive. The biggest technical challenge resulting from microbial activity in these engineered environments is the impact on materials integrity. Oilfield microorganisms can affect materials integrity profoundly through a multitude of elusive (bio)chemical mechanisms, collectively referred to as microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). MIC is estimated to account for 20 to 30% of all corrosion-related costs in the oil and gas industry. This book is intended as a comprehensive reference for integrity engineers, production chemists, oilfield microbiologists, and scientists working in the field of petroleum microbiology or corrosion. Exhaustively researched by leaders from both industry and academia, this book discusses the latest technological and scientific advances as well as relevant case studies to convey to readers an understanding of MIC and its effective management.

This book presents selected contributions to the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Carbon Nanomaterials in Clean Energy Hydrogen Systems" held in June 2010. These original papers reflect recent progress in response to the modern-day requirements in chemistry of carbon nanomaterials and metal-hydrogen systems. Successor to the 2008 proceedings, this second volume focuses on research and application studies of materials capable of interacting actively with hydrogen, also addressing questions of hydrogen accumulation and storage. As a whole, it provides a review of the most relevant areas of hydrogen materials interactions and carbon nanomaterials science, making it invaluable for all researchers, physicists, chemists, post-graduates and young scientists interested in the structure, properties and applications of different nanocarbon materials.

Many of the world's climate scientists believe that the build-up of heat-trapping CO2 in the atmosphere will lead to global warming unless we burn less fossil fuels. At the same time, energy must be supplied in increasing amounts for the developing world to continue its growth. This work discusses the feasibility of increasingly efficient energy use and the potential for supplying energy from sources that do not introduce CO2. The book analyzes the prospects for Earth-based renewables: solar, wind, biomass, hydroelectricity, geothermal and ocean energy. It then discusses nuclear fission and fusion, and the relatively new idea of harvesting solar energy on satellites or lunar bases. It will be essential reading for all those interested in energy issues.

In this important new book, Mohan Kelkar, a respected author and professor, presents the quintessential guide for gas engineers, emphasizing the practical aspects of natural gas production. Readers will learn to incorporate cutting-edge research in estimating reserves, evaluating the performance of fractured wells, processing gas, and material balance analysis; learn to evaluate future performance of gas reservoirs; learn to improve the performance of gas wells; and more.

An overview of the natural gas process from well head to burnertip, from futures trading to exploration, and the latest cogeneration issues and other product use. Contents: Origins and history of natural gas Exploration principles, tools, and techniques Drilling, production and processing Gas transmission pipeline network Natural gas storage Gas distribution systems Uses for natural gas Regulatory history of the gas industry Gas marketing and sales Future supply and demand for natural gas Glossary.

Ann Chambers gives you a history of these two converging industries and an overview of the factors forcing them together?political, regulatory, technical, and economic. She covers other fuels competing for market share in the electric industry, the merchant power uprising, distributed generation, and strategies for creating value in the new Btu stream. Contents: ? Introduction ? Natural gas history ? Transportation and storage ? Exploration, drilling, and production ? Trading ? Natural gas basics ? Electric power history ? Deregulation ? Convergence ? Power plant basics ? Power generation technologies ? Competing fuels and environmental factors ? Merchant plants ? Distributed generation ? Conclusion

Unconventional Oil and Gas Resource Engineering provides managers and engineers with the foundation and framework necessary to understand unconventional activity and the challenges associated with drilling these more complex wells. It includes tactics on how to maximize resources to their fullest potential, updating engineers and senior decision-makers on how to make more accurate plans for extraction techniques and well design, understand the various types of unconventional resources, exploit sweet spots, amplify volume through appropriate well analysis tests and design strategies, and explain how conventional methods have changed.

This is a revised and updated set of guidelines applicable to stainless steels, nickel alloys and titanium alloys covering: SSC/SCC test procedures; reference environments for SSC and SCC testing; guidance on autoclave testing of CRAs; and, procedures for testing CRAs exposed to sulphur and H2S.

The practical new handbook will feature contributions from leading authorities in the field, including Guy Dayvault of Energy Deal Solutions, Jessica Davies and Rebecca Perkins of Allen & Overy and Michael Darowski of Hogan Lovells. Chapters cover key issues such as the regulation of hydraulic fracturing, including water use and disposal, natural gas pricing trends and operator issues, and coal seam gas and coal bed methane. Together, the contributions afford crucial insight into one of the youngest and fastest-moving areas of the natural gas industry.