M. Rycroft, FacultyMember, InternationalSpaceUniversity e-mail: [email protected] "The Space Transportation Market: Evolution or Revolution?" was the question which was the focus for the papers presented, and also the Panel Discussions, at the fifth annual Symposium organised by the International Space University. Held in Strasbourg, France, for three lively days at the end of May 2000, the Symposium brought together representatives of the developers, providers and operators of space transportation systems, of regulatory bodies, and of users of the space transportation infrastructure in many fields, as well as experts in policy and market analysis. From the papers published here, it is clear that today's answer to the question tends more towards evolution than to revolution. The space launch industry is still not a fully mature one, and is still reliant on at least partial funding by governments. Better cooperation is essential between governments, launch providers, satellite builders and satellite operators in order to reduce the problems which the space transportation market faces today.

This volume is the second of the three volume publication containing the proceedings of the 1989 International Symposium on the Mathemat ical Theory of Networks and Systems (MTNS-89), which was held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 19-23, 1989 The International Symposia MTNS focus attention on problems from system and control theory, circuit theory and signal processing, which, in general, require application of sophisticated mathematical tools, such as from function and operator theory, linear algebra and matrix theory, differential and algebraic geometry. The interaction between advanced mathematical methods and practical engineering problems of circuits, systems and control, which is typical for MTNS, turns out to be most effective and is, as these proceedings show, a continuing source of exciting advances. The second volume contains invited papers and a large selection of other symposium presentations in the vast area of robust and nonlinear control. Modern developments in robust control and H-infinity theory, for finite as well as for infinite dimensional systems, are presented. A large part of the volume is devoted to nonlinear control. Special atten tion is paid to problems in robotics. Also the general theory of nonlinear and infinite dimensional systems is discussed. A couple of papers deal with problems of stochastic control and filterina. vi Preface The titles of the two other volumes are: Realization and Modelling in System Theory (volume 1) and Signal Processing, Scattering and Operator Theory, and Numerical Methods (volume 3)."

Interdisciplinary inquiry has become more pervasive in recent decades, yet we still know little about the conduct of this type of research or the information problems associated with it. This book is one of few empirical studies of interdisciplinary knowledge practices. It examines how interdisciplinary scientists discover and exchange information and knowledge, highlighting how the boundaries between disciplines affect how information is used and how knowledge is constructed. It is written for scholars and practitioners with an interest in developing information systems and research environments to foster innovative scientific work. Target groups include researchers in information science, science studies, communication, as well as research administrators and information professionals.

"Presenting International Studies as a wide, plural and inherently interdisciplinary field of research, this book shows its links with philosophy, peace research, history, geography, globalization studies, international political economy, political psychology, sociology and social theory, linguistics, strategic or war studies and anthropology"--

Concepts of emotion and emotional labour have largely been defined in European and American terms and according to Euro-American sensibilities with little attention given to the question of whether emotional work or emotional labour is different globally. In particular little has been written about the issue of what defines emotions and emotional labour in public work contexts and how it is configured in different cultural contexts. Gender, Emotions and Labour Markets considers how, and in what ways, emotional labour characterises formal and informal work environments in both Asia and the West. Key themes covered include: human rights issues and gender equity in formal and informal work contexts in Asia and the West; men, masculinity and emotional labour; impact on the work-life balance of professional women in Asian and Western contexts; the impact of the 'feminization of migration' in servicing high-end economic professionals; the impact of the new economy, organizational constraints on labour markets; and demographic patterns such as fertility, procreation, marriage, divorce in both Asian and Western contexts.

Volume 11 in this series discusses therapeutic applications of stem cells in disease and tissue injury. Coverage includes pluripotent stem cells, which can give rise to the endodermal, ectodermal, and mesodermal lineages; multipotent stem cells, which can generate all cells in a particular lineage and unipotent stem cells, which can give rise to only one cell type. This volume also examines cancer stem cells, tumor-initiating cells which possesses the capacity of self-renewal and can give rise to the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. Coverage extends to molecular mechanisms underlying the derivation and expansion of human embryonic stem cells, the role of specific proteins in the maintenance and inhibition of extraembryonic differentiation of these cells and the role of signaling responsible for the self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells. Nine chapters discuss the clinical importance of cancer stem cells, encompassing glioma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, pediatric sarcomas and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The role of cancer stem cells is also elucidated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in spreading head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The book goes on to survey therapeutic application of stem cells of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origin for regeneration of bones, including in osteoporotic bone disease; to illuminate the application of hematopoietic stem cells in bone regeneration and to discuss their use as a biomarker to facilitate determination of a treatment. The contributors review cells as biomarkers for pediatric solid tumors, and weigh the advantages and limitations of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Also included are details of neural stem cell engraftment in the injured spinal cord; the regenerative potential of neural stem/progenitor cells of newborns and cancer gene therapy potential using neural stem cells. Like the preceding volumes in the series, this book is distinguished for its comprehensive approach, its distinguished roster of 58 contributors representing 10 different countries and its thorough review of leading-edge technology and methods.

The work presented in this report originated in connection with a research project in magneto-hydrodynamics conducted by Professor H. Grad at the Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York Univer sity; the report was completed while the author was a consultant at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. The report contains an expository analysis of the mathematical structure of magneto-hydrodynamic theory; specifically, of the theory of the interaction of magnetic fields with conducting compressible fluids. One of the major aims is to emphasize the remarkably close parallelism between this theory and ordinary gas dynamics. While hydromagnetic shocks and small disturbance waves have been treated before, it seems that hydromagnetic 'simple waves" are here treated for the first time. In a typical example it is shown that - as in gas dynamics - simple one-dimensional flow problems can be solved with the aid of shocks and simple waves. Throughout the exposition a familiarity with the basic notions of gas dynamics - covered e.g. by the first three chapters of Super sonic low and Shock Waves - is presupposed. The bibliography refers only to those papers which are concerned with the subjects treated. No reference is made to a number of sig nificant contributions to hydromagnetics concerned with subjects - such as astro- and geophysical applications, effect of turbulence, stabil ity questions - which are not covered in this report."

Based on original fieldwork including interviews held with Japanese officials, this text provides important new insight into Japan and East Asian relations, principally through the close examination of changes in Japan's regional policy. Furthering discussions on Japan's new regional activism, Hayashi explores how Japan and East Asian relations have developed, how Japan's regional policy has changed, and why. In addition, the book challenges conventional views on Japanese foreign policy, arguing that it is not reactive but incrementally effective. The book incorporates three major case studies that provide detailed narratives and analysis of Japan and Washington's diverging ideological approaches, Japan's policies towards the East Asian financial crisis, and its policies towards East Asian regionalism.

In 1981 I was approached by Klaus Peters to assist in publishing a selection of the papers of Kurt Otto Friedrichs. With some reluctance Friedrichs has agreed to help in making the selection although in the initial stages only one paper [47-2] was in his opinion worthy of being included. With some coaxing on my part the selection was made mainly by Friedrichs despite his frequent modest grumble that it did not make sense to include "that" paper as "X" had subsequently improved either the result or the proof. Later P.D. Lax and L. Nirenberg identified appropriate papers and, perhaps not so remarkably, there was almost complete overlap. The vast majority of the papers are in partial differential equations and spectral theory where Friedrichs had the greatest impact. For these Peter Lax and Tosio Kato have written the commentaries. Friedrichs made fundamental contributions in the theory of asymptotics; two papers, including Friedrichs' Gibbs Lecture, have been reviewed by W. Wasow. The very profound contributions Friedrichs made to applied mathematics are represented by some papers in elasticity, mainly written with J.J. Stoker and now reviewed by F. John and in magneto-hydrodynamics where Friedrichs' original notes have been reproduced and his contributions to the subject reviewed by Harold Weitzner. In both these areas Friedrichs recognized and clarified approximations made in engineering and physics.

From Fossils to Astrobiology reviews developments in paleontology and geobiology that relate to the rapidly-developing field of Astrobiology, the study of life in the Universe. Many traditional areas of scientific study, including astronomy, chemistry and planetary science, contribute to Astrobiology, but the study of the record of life on planet Earth is critical in guiding investigations in the rest of the cosmos. In this varied book, expert scientists from 15 countries present peer-reviewed, stimulating reviews of paleontological and astrobiological studies. The overviews of established and emerging techniques for studying modern and ancient microorganisms on Earth and beyond, will be valuable guides to evaluating biosignatures which could be found in the extraterrestrial surface or subsurface within the Solar System and beyond. This volume also provides discussion on the controversial reports of "nanobacteria" in the Martian meteorite ALH84001. It is a unique volume among Astrobiology monographs in focusing on fossil evidence from the geological record and will be valuable to students and researchers alike.

This book uses a wide range of original Japanese sources to trace important aspects of the history of Japanese economic ideas, in particular, the development of Japan's industrial policy. In contrast to most others who begin their story within the 1930s or after 1945, Sohn goes back to the Meiji era to trace the evolution of Japanese developmental debates, state policies and market strategies involving cartels and small enterprises, city and countryside, and approaches that variously emphasize the market and the role of the state as Japan seeks to position itself in the world and regional economies.

This work is a compilation of more than 3000 quotations on reading, writing, speaking, listening, and many other communications-related topics such as advertising, business, computers, education, film, journalism, language, photography, public relations, rhetoric, television, and world communications. The dictionary contains quotations from the classic to the contemporary, and all are arranged alphabetically, both by and within topics, by the author's last name.

It is often assumed that privatization leads to profit, and that well-delineated property rights and a strong private sector will help boost an economy. This book investigates the property rights in Chinese enterprises in the reform era, finding that distinction between the public and the private are blurred, that national reform policies are implemented unevenly across the country, and that enterprises owned by local governments, in Shanghai, for example, are actually extremely profitable.

This volume consists of about half of the papers presented during a three-day seminar on stochastic processes held at Northwestern University in April 1981. The aim of the seminar was to bring together a small group of kindred spirits working on stochastic processes and to provide an informal atmosphere for them to discuss their current work. We plan to hold such a seminar once a year, with slight variations in emphasis to reflect the changing concerns and interests within the field. The invited participants in this year's seminar were J. AZEMA, R.M. BLUMENTHAL, R. CARMONA, K.L. CHUNG, R.K. GETOOR, J. JACOD, F. KNIGHT, S.OREY, A.O. PITTENGER, J. PITMAN, P. PROTTER, M.K. RAO, M. SHARPE, and J. WALSH. We thank them and other participants for the productive liveliness of the seminar. As mentioned above, the present volume is only a fragment of the work discussed at the seminar, the other papers having been already committed to otherpublications. The seminar was made possible through the enlightened support of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant No. 80-0252. We are grateful to them as well as the publisher, Birkhauser Boston, for their support and encouragement.

The transition of Russia to a 'developed market economy' has been slower, more contradictory and less predictable than expected. This book examines contemporary Russian socio-economic development, and explores the degree to which Russian experiences can be incorporated into current social science theories. In particular, it questions how far the concept of 'globalization' is applicable to the situation in Russia.

When Communist revolutionaries seized control of Mainland China in 1949, they faced enormous challenges of state and nation building. China occupied a vast territory, had a huge and poorly integrated population and suffered from a woefully backward economy. Building a Socialist Chinese state required effectivly managing significant opposition to the imposition of the Communist regime. This study examines the the Chinese Communist Party employed language as an essential part of its strategy to achieving these goals.

This study explores the relationship between the nature and context of non-traditional occupations and the empowerment status of women in society. Specifically, it examines the extent to which women in non-traditional occupations have been empowered by their skills, knowledge, and position within the Togolese Government's existing training policies for the increased participation of women in non-traditional sectors of the labor force.

As over half the assets of many major companies are now intangible assets, there is an increasing need to assess more accurately the value of intellectual property (IP) from a wider interdisciplinary perspective. Re-evaluating risk and understanding the true value of intellectual property is a major problem, particularly important for business practitioners, including business analysts and investors, venture capitalists, accountants, insurance experts, intellectual property lawyers and also for those who hold intellectual property assets, such as media, publishing and pharmaceutical companies, and universities and other research bodies. Written by the foremost authorities in the field from Britain, Japan and the US, this book considers the latest developments and puts forward much new thinking. The book includes thorough coverage of developments in Japan, which is reviewing the value of IP at a much quicker pace than any other country and is registering ever-increasing numbers of patents in the course of inventing its way out of economic inertia.

With Mongolia fast becoming a significant exporter of minerals and raw materials, this book provides a full account of political and economic events in this important country. It focuses on the period since the establishment of the Soviet-backed Mongolian People's Republic in 1924 and the transition towards a democratic free market system since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Covering key topics in Mongolia's recent development, the book looks at: economic and political reform process the role of the private sector foreign aid trade and investment the attempts to tackle pressing issues such as growth, inflation, unemployment, poverty, problems of climate and weather, and pollution. This book is an important resource for anyone seeking to understand this fascinating country's affairs.

On The Borders of State Power explores the changing nature, meaning and significance of international borders over time in the area referred to today as the Greater Mekong Sub-region, incorporating Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and China's Yunnan province. An international line up of contributors examine the changing nature of borders over time, using examples from the 15th to 21st centuries and engage with contemporary literature on globalisation, particularly as it applies to borders and the nature of state power. What the book finds is that there is far greater diversity in terms of the importance of borders across time than is commonly thought. Thus, borders commonly thought to be closed are often more open, open borders are found to be more restricted, while pre-colonial frontiers, which are usually viewed as relatively unimportant compared with the colonial era, are in fact found to have been more closely governed. Looking at the contemporary period, the book shows how economic liberalisation - or so-called cooperation between the Mekong states in the post-Cold War period - has been accompanied not by the retreat of the state but rather by its expansion, including in ways which frequently impose greatest restrictions on the poor and marginalised. Incorporating work by both historians and social scientists this book is a valuable read for those interested in the politics, development and geography of Southeast Asia.

Description: The question of literature brings together essays by a number of distinguished theorists and academics on the changing cultural significance of literature as such. As literary theory has grown more influential, inter-disciplinary and sophisticated, it has come to concern itself with a much greater range of issues and objects than those traditionally considered literary. Literary theory now addresses philosophy, history, psychology, politics, the media, and potentially every other aspect of culture - but as a result the nature of its relation to literature itself has become less clear. The question of literature seeks to recontextualise literature and the literary within the diversity of post modern theory, showing how theory has changed our understanding literature and its questions, and affirming the ways in which literature remains valuable and transformative for present day culture. It relates literature importantly to the institution of the university, but also to ethical judgments and values, new media and computer technology, and the nature of the representative democracy. In the scope of its discussion The question of literature constitutes a major intervention in current literary-theoretical debates, and will be of great interest not only to academics and students in literary, social, and cultural studies, but to anyone concerned wit these debates or with the future of literature as such.

This book examines the dynamic process of political transition and indigenous (adat) revival in newly decentralized Indonesia. The political transition in May 1998 set the stage for the passing of Indonesia's framework decentralization laws. These laws include both political and technocratic efforts to devolve authority from the centre (Jakarta) to the peripheries. Contrary to expectations, enhanced public participation often takes the form of adat revivalism - a deliberate, highly contested and contingent process linked to intensified political struggles throughout the Indonesian archipelago. The author argues adat is aligned with struggles for recognition and remedial rights, including the right to autonomous governance and land. It cannot be understood in isolation, nor can it be separated from the wider world. Based on original fieldwork and using case studies from Sulawesi to illustrate the key arguments, this book provides an overview of the key analytical concepts and a concise review of relevant stages in Indonesian history. It considers struggles for rights and recognition, focusing on regulatory processes and institutional control. Finally, Tyson examines land disputes and resource conflicts. Regional and local conflicts often coalesce around forms of ethnic representation, which are constantly being renegotiated, along with resource allocations and entitlements, and efforts to preserve or reinvent cultural identities. This will be valuable reading for students and researchers in Political Studies, Development Studies, Anthropology and Southeast Asian Studies and Politics.

Synthesizing political, anthropological and psychological perspectives, this book addresses the everyday causes and appeal of long-term involvement in extreme political violence in urban Pakistan. Taking Pakistan's ethno nationalist Mohajir party, the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) as a case study, it explores how certain men from the ethnic community of Mohajirs are recruited to the roles and statuses of political killers, and sustain violence as a primary social identity and lifestyle over a period of some years. By drawing on detailed fieldwork in areas involved in the Karachi conflict, the author contributes to understandings of violence, tracing the development of violent aspects of Mohajir nationalism via an exploration of political and cultural contexts of Pakistan's history, and highlighting the repetitive homology of the conflict with the earlier violence of Partition. Through a local comparison of ethnic and religious militancy she also updates the current situation of social and cultural change in Karachi, which is dominantly framed in terms of Islamist radicalization and modernization. In her examination, governance and civil society issues are integrated with the political and psychological dimensions of mobilization processes and violence at micro-, meso- and macro- levels. This book injects a critical and innovative voice into the ongoing debates about the nature and meaning of radicalization and violence, as well as the specific implications it has for similar, contemporary conflicts in Pakistan and the developing world.

This text introduces students to the history, politics and international relations of Central Asia. The book explores both the domestic and foreign politics of the five independent states of post-Soviet Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The book is arranged thematically and assumes very little prior knowledge. It covers all the key issues facing the region, such as: history, state and nation-building, the role of Islam, economic and political reform, relations with the South, particularly Afghanistan, India & Pakistan, relations with Russia and the geopolitical role of Central Asia post-September 11th.

The mathematical works of Fritz John whose deep and original ideas have had a great influence on the development of various fields in mathema tical analysis are made available with these volumes. His works are certainly well known to the experts, but knowledge of his contributions may not have spread as widely as it should have. For example, the concept of functions of bounded mean oscillations plays a central role in harmonic analysis today, but it is perhaps less known that this class of functions was introduced by John as early as 1961, motivated by his work in elasticity theory. With the publication of this collection, a wider circle of mathematicians will become familiar with, and appreciate, the fertile ideas of Fritz John. The organization of these two volumes was undertaken in consultation with the author. It was decided not to present the papers in chronological order, but rather to subdivide them into ten sections representing different mathematical topics to which John has contributed. Commentaries made by experts in the fields are appended to each section. Since the division into sec tions could, of course, not be made sharply, there are several overlaps. For instance, the comments of Louis Nirenberg refer to Elasticity Theory VI, Geometric Inequalities VIII, and Functions of Bounded Mean Oscillations IX. To help the reader, cross-references and remarks by the author will be found at the end of each section."