Although seemingly bizarre and barbaric in modern times, trial by ordeal-the subjection of the accused to undergo harsh tests such as walking over hot irons or being bound and cast into water-played an integral, and often staggeringly effective, role in justice systems for centuries.

In "Trial by Fire and Water," Robert Bartlett examines the workings of trial by ordeal from the time of its first appearance in the barbarian law codes, tracing its use by Christian societies down to its last days as a test for witchcraft in modern Europe and America. Bartlett presents a critique of recent theories about the operation and the decline of the practice, and he attempts to make sense of the ordeal as a working institution and to explain its disappearance. Finally, he considers some of the general historical problems of understanding a society in which religious beliefs were so fundamental.

Robert Bartlett is Wardlaw Professor of Medieval History at the University of St. Andrews.

This edition of Gilbert Murray's renowned examination of how religion evolved in Ancient Greece, includes all of his original notes. Murray was a renowned scholar of Greek classics, who used his academic background as grounding for this astonishingly detailed book on the topic of the Olympian Gods. How the pantheon of Gods was conceived, and grew to eventually define large aspects of Ancient Greek culture, form the topics at hand. The book begins by examining the earliest surviving religious texts of Greek, identifying the first indications of the Gods in the lore. The increasing prevalence of writing among Greece's educated citizenry sparked a growth in the number of Gods and Goddesses, and the stories relating to them. However, Murray is careful to note that there is no single event or turning point. For a scholarly work, Five Stages of Greek Religion is of modest length. This attribute defines it as a superb introductory primer to aspects of Olympian religion.

Digital history is commonly argued to be positioned between the traditionally historical and the computational or digital. By studying digital history collaborations and the establishment of the Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History, Kemman examines how digital history will impact historical scholarship. His analysis shows that digital history does not occupy a singular position between the digital and the historical. Instead, historians continuously move across this dimension, choosing or finding themselves in different positions as they construct different trading zones through cross-disciplinary engagement, negotiation of research goals and individual interests.