Japan has succeeded in many industries through its renowned production system. Competitive advantage, however, in the new economy is shifting from production to demand-based capabilities. One such new industry is pharmaceuticals, where Japan has been a resounding failure, both from public policy and corporate strategy perspectives. This book provides a detailed examination of how Japan has socially constructed its pharmaceutical industry, the economic and political bases of this construction and the consequences for corporate innovation and performance.Perhaps the starkest indication of this failure of Japanese public policy is the emergence of a new drug lag in that nation. Almost 90 percent of recent important new drugs are unavailable in Japan, despite their widespread diffusion throughout the rest of the world. Analysis of this drug lag confirms that it is not due to government discrimination against Western firms, but rather is only one of many consequences of failed Japanese industrial policies. The author presents an analysis of the nature, causes and consequences of the new drug lag in Japan. He contrasts the problem with the one experienced in the US and looks at the powerful role played by domestic politics in shaping the pharmaceutical industry. The last chapters look at the various remedies available. Academics, experts in government and industry, researchers and students of industrial policy, economics, public health and trade policy will find the examination of this important industry both informative and enlightening.

This book contains seven chapters written by leading experts in the areas and discusses means to revive some of the cultures that are on the verge of closing/shutting down. This second of the three book series highlights the intricate relationship in the handloom industry between its culture and the various areas of sustainability. While there have been major disruptions in this age old industry, this book presents the craftsmanship/artisanship and its value addition to keep the industry moving ahead.

This book studies the pathways and policies of regional coordinated low carbon development from the perspective of regional spillover-feedback effects. How do regional economies interact with carbon emission? This phenomena, also known as spillover-feedback effects, is explained in depth with reference to datasets and real examples. As China adopts zero-carbon emissions policies within the context of regional disparities, this theoretical construct is gaining utility, and in this book, climate science researchers and political scientists will find it explicated as never before.

Prompted by the 'linguistic turn' of the late 20th century, intellectual and conceptual historians continue to devote a great deal of attention to the study of concepts in history. This innovative and interdisciplinary volume builds on such scholarship by providing a new history of the term 'economy'. Starting from the Greek idea of the law of the household, Luigi Alonzi traces the different meanings assumed by the word 'economy' during the middle ages and early modern era, highlighting the semantic richness of the word and its uses in various political and cultural contexts. Notably, there is a particular focus on the so-called Oeconomica literature, tracking the reception of works by Plato, Aristotle, the 'pseudo' Aristotle and Xenophon in the Italian and France Renaissance. This tradition was incredibly influential in civic humanism and in texts devoted to power and command and thus affected later debates on Natural Law and the development of new scientific disciplines in the 17th and 18th centuries. In exploring this, the analysis of the function of translations in the transmission and transformation of meanings becomes central. 'Economy' in European History shines much-needed light on an important challenge that many historians repeatedly face: the fact that words can, and do, change over time. It will thus be a vital resource for all scholars of early modern and European economic history.

The global economic crises of recent years have offered some sobering lessons, compelling economists, political scientists, and policymakers to reconsider traditional theories regarding the cultivation of developing nations. The Handbook of Research on Globalization, Investment, and Growth-Implications of Confidence and Governance seeks to empirically explore the relationship between a number of variables, including consumer confidence, private-sector performance, and governmental regulation. Targeting academics, social scientists, financial professionals, and lawmakers, this book seeks to categorize and analyze developing economies in a post-crisis global financial landscape in order to help shape desperately-needed policies capable of safeguarding against potential catastrophe.

Taxation and Economic Behaviour offers a number of broad introductory surveys in the areas of public economics and public finance. Divided clearly into two parts - measurement issues and taxation and economic behaviour - this innovative collection of articles consists of published refereed papers and several new and previously unpublished pieces.Initially, the book focuses on measurement issues, and includes chapters on income inequality, poverty, tax progressivity, income dynamics and welfare changes. It then goes on to explore the wider theme of taxation and economic behaviour, including material on taxation and labour supply, behavioural micro simulation modelling, and general equilibrium. Throughout the book, John Creedy makes use of numerical examples which help to illustrate the structure and use of the various models. Providing introductory material and syntheses of a wide range of topics, Taxation and Economic Behaviour will be welcomed by students, lecturers and researchers with an interest in public finance and public sector economics.

Fans of specific sports teams, television series, and video games, to name a few, often create subcultures in which to discuss and celebrate their loyalty and enthusiasm for a particular object or person. Due to their strong emotional attachments, members of these fandoms are often quick to voluntarily invest their time, money, and energy into a related product or brand, thereby creating a group of faithful and passionate consumers that play a significant role in multiple domains of contemporary culture. The Handbook of Research on the Impact of Fandom in Society and Consumerism is an essential reference source that examines the cultural and economic effects of the fandom phenomenon through a multidisciplinary lens and shapes an understanding of the impact of fandom on brand building. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics such as religiosity, cosplay, and event marketing, this publication is ideally designed for marketers, managers, advertisers, brand managers, consumer behavior analysts, product developers, psychologists, entertainment managers, event coordinators, political scientists, anthropologists, academicians, researchers, and students seeking current studies on the global impact of this particularly devoted community.

Cities are experiencing unprecedented times. In addition of managing the best possible post-pandemic recovery, Cities are at the beginning of the 4th industrial revolution, and all want to play a relevant role in it. To achieve this, they must retain and attract the necessary talent. There is a fierce competition where cities transform to become as attractive as possible. But what makes a city attractive (from emotional and rational sides) to talented citizens? For mayors and city directors: how can I prepare my city for this goal? What kind of transformations in the medium-long term should I develop? And in the short term, what processes and technologies (SmartCity) should I put in place? And from the point of view of citizens: how do I choose the best city to develop my full potential? Which one offers me the best citizenship contract? Where am I going to enjoy the best services with the highest quality of life and lower taxes/cost of life? In addition, the city must be attractive, with a strong identity and dynamism and promising future. Can I find the cities that best suit my aesthetic and emotional preferences, and that also offer me the services that I consider a priority at the lowest cost to my pocket? Find all the answers in this book.

Cultural proximity consists in shared language, codes ,and norms of communication and exchange between actors. It is generally considered important for organizations, enhancing communication and facilitation interaction between actors. In such situation, diversity is often seen as a source of richness and originality. However, high levels of proximity might create some risk, leading to lock-in and inertia, with a negative impact on the innovativeness of the organization. While the role of cultural proximity is subject to much debate within organizations studies, a comprehensive understanding of cultural proximity remains elusive. This book explores the organizational implications of the concept of cultural proximity, delving into the managerial challenges posed by diversities and similarities in culture within a business environment using different levels of analysis. The key messages of the present book, grounded on original empirical evidence, can be summarized as follows: cultural proximity is a key factor for managing innovation in present times; innovation requires a deliberate orchestration of the dichotomy between cultural proximity/cultural diversity; there are specific circumstances where proximity can be beneficial for managers and entrepreneurs. The book will be of value to researchers, academics, managers, and students in the fields of management science, human resource management, innovation studies, and organizational studies.

Letter to the One Percent is exactly what it sounds like: a letter to the richest one percent of American households. It is a call to action, a plea for compassion, and a manifesto for the future. It tells the story of their extraordinary success - and how the other 99 percent of Americans missed out. It explains how this divergence caused household income to stagnate, forced millions of Americans into poverty, and triggered the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. It appeals to the better angels of their nature to bear a higher burden -- by paying higher taxes, empowering labor, and cracking down on white-collar crime -- in order to reverse the damage done in the past three decades.

This cautionary tale explains how the murky and complex world of mortgage finance caused a global market meltdown-and offers new insights on how to create a stronger world of banking and mortgage finance. Years after the economic crisis of the late 2000s, Americans still want to know what went wrong-and why. Black Box Casino: How Wall Street's Risky Shadow Banking Crashed Global Finance provides an accurate and understandable explanation, compiling and interpreting mountains of evidence to provide clear analysis and insight into the crisis that traumatized people and institutions around the globe. The book provides a thorough, in-depth examination of the multiple contributing factors. The author goes back as far as 15 years before the crisis to show how the well-intentioned idea of providing home ownership prompted a government led effort to steadily weaken credit standards. He assigns partial blame on regulators that were unaware of growing levels of risk, ignored mounting evidence of a housing bubble, and failed to grasp the unintended consequences of certain regulations. The origins of the overload of subprime collateralized debt obligations that led to concentrated risks on the balance sheets of many large banks around the world are also explained. Charts and graphs A bibliography

The main goal of this book is to teach you one of the most important secrets in life: how to let money make money for you. Although money is inanimate, it can breed like a living person. It can reproduce itself one time, ten times, 100 times, 1000 times, a million times and more.

System, Actor and Process: Keywords in Organization Studies is intended as an epistemological 'compass' to navigate through the multifaceted key concepts typically used in organizational practice and research. The book illustrates thirty-four keywords using a tripartite structure: each keyword is briefly discussed from three points of view, namely the system-centered, actor-centered and process-centered conception of organization, which reflects the options emerging from contemporary epistemological debate in organizational studies and, more generally, in social sciences, namely objectivism, subjectivism, and the Weberian "third way". Primarily addressed to researchers and academics in organization studies, this book is also a useful resource for undergraduate or postgraduate students, for whom it may represent a thorough introduction to organizational concepts. It will also be a valuable tool for managers to apply in their everyday practice.

Today's economy has been fluctuating so much that companies are whittling down their pools of local workers and outsourcing their services from abroad instead, which means that true job security is up to you. The best way to survive unemployment is by self-employment, and this book will teach you how to put up and operate your very own business right within the comfort of your own home. Everyone has the potential to create a self-sustaining business from their personal interests, hobbies, or skills. The most important factor, though, is how to handle the obstacles along the way, balance the financial sheets to prevent (Gasp!) bankruptcy, and consistently improve your business to attract clients and soar above the competition. The entrepreneurship road is long, but as long as you're equipped with the right know-how, you will be able to reap the rewards.

This book addresses the central question of European solidarity in the face of a multitude of crises in Europe and focuses on its discursive manifestation in public debates. It is the first to systematically examine national debates on redistributive policies in the EU and the role of European solidarity within them by analysing French and German parliamentary debates on redistributive EU policies during the euro crisis and the migration crisis. By doing so, the book addresses the question of how relevant the idea of European solidarity is when redistributive policies in the EU are discussed at the national level and examines the conditions under which it is ascribed more or less relevance. Moreover, the book reveals that what European solidarity actually means in practice is often highly contested.

POLARIZE is marketing reframed, reconsidered and reinvented - modern marketing wizardry - an enchantment that captivates and converts best-match consumers to brand-lovers and public advocates. HEY. You might hate this - great...Otherwise, you're probably going to feel pretty damn buzzed about the POLARIZE approach. And that's the point really. The love/hate response is powerful. It's HIGHLY motivating. It makes people do stuff. They take sides and talk about it. Whereas, the "yeah, well, I guess that looks nice" response is not really a response at all. Fence-sitters don't buy your stuff. What do you want - for people to like you (boring!), or for people to LOVE you? The 'lovers' (advocates) SHARE more, BUY more and their enthusiasm is contagious. Even the 'haters' (detractors) share WAY more than your fence-sitters. POLARIZE will show you how to get a whole lot more 'lovers' (and a few huggable haters too) - it's a serious fast-track marketing 'growth hack' for your business.

This visionary book takes stock of the urgent challenges facing food chains globally and provides a critical evaluation of radical new thinking and perspectives on agricultural and food policy. Wyn Grant investigates the principal drivers of change in food and agriculture, including globalization, climate change, the structure of the industry, changing patterns of consumer demand and new technologies. Rethinking Agricultural and Food Policy provides a comprehensive account of the contemporary challenges impacting the food chain. Chapters explore the various barriers towards positive progress, exposing the deficiency of institutional architecture at a domestic and international level and examining how attempts to reform and revitalize it encounter inertia, embedded production structures, defenders of the status quo and vested interests. Proposing that a holistic, interdisciplinary approach is essential in making progress towards revitalizing policy and encouraging innovation in international governance, Wyn Grant calls for a new agenda to deliver real and necessary change and offer hope for the planet and its people. Using critical insights from natural and social science to uphold its calls for a holistic, integrated approach to agricultural and food policy, this timely book will be an essential read for policy makers, as well as students taking undergraduate or postgraduate courses in agriculture, food and the environment.

A business management primer based on field experience of Seamus Phan and contributions from Ter Hui Peng. This book is an extension to the original Dot Zen book published in 2003. This book carries more insights and experience on leadership, human capital, branding, customer service, sales, marketing, public relations, social media, mobile apps, and interactive multimedia, with a focus on field-tested experience and tactics. This is targeted at small business owners, business executives, and marketers who want to build their brands in the marketplace.

This book elucidates and maps the societal impact of experience and heritage, participation, and entrepreneurship in the cultural sector. The contributions address and explore the relevance of culture, cultural entities, and heritage as collective memories and reservoirs of experience for other social systems, change and societal innovators like entrepreneurs. Insofar, cultural activities can be understood as a bridge between past experiences and future challenges. The first key focus is the participation of people in various contexts, initiatives, and projects. Such participation unleashes creativity and connects different societal layers - culture, economy, and innovation. Accordingly, a second focus is the entrepreneurial efforts and ideas that originate within arts and culture. Readers will find critical empirical and theoretical studies that challenge the current understandings of the cultural sector from different theoretical perspectives and with different methodological approaches. A variety of topics are explored within the thematic areas of cultural heritage, managerial practices, participation, and cultural entrepreneurship, as well as their inter-relations. Ultimately the aim is to provide the reader with a better understanding of the sometimes conflicting, sometimes mutually fertilizing areas of the arts, culture, business, management, and innovation. The book will be of interest to scholars, students, professionals, and policymakers.

Knowledge and innovation are key factors contributing to growth and prosperity in the new service economy. This book presents original, empirical and theoretical contributions to address the economic dimensions of knowledge and the organisation of knowledge intensive activity through specialised services. Specific analyses include: * macro statistics to highlight the contribution of services to economic activity * firm level survey data to identify and consider client relations * case studies of four innovation-oriented business services. Further chapters deal with the specific functions connected with knowledge, the new discipline of 'knowledge management', intellectual property rights, and the role of knowledge in national and international economic systems. Offering an overview of a highly important and pervasive set of phenomena, this book outlines and illustrates the intellectual agenda associated with the rise of a global services economy. It will appeal to industrial and business economists, researchers, students, policymakers and business analysts.

This is an advanced but very readable introduction to high school algebra for honors students, including as many Cartesian topics as can be presented without use of Euclidean geometry. These will include standard treatments of sets, numbers, equations in one variable, factoring, and functions, as well as more specialized topics such as linear programming that are considered interesting to the student. It is meant to offer an "understandable and accessible" honors course to students in the subject. It assumes a knowledge of multiplication by negatives, simplification of radicals, and other operations with numbers. The style of the text imitates that of most college level Analysis, or Advanced Calculus, texts, both for the sophistication it imparts and to best organize a difficult subject. Very interested students are almost assured to get through this excellent and well written course with only the slightest help from an ordinary tutor or committed instructor.

Entrepreneurs play a vital role in economic development as key contributors to technological innovation and new job growth. We discovered that many people, just like you, have the urge to create an enterprise; to help themselves and to make a difference in this world. While successful entrepreneurs like Steve Jobs and Bill Gates are well publicized, the harsh reality is that most new businesses are prone to failure because they don't have access to accurate information about the entrepreneurial process. This book is a "word map" for guiding you through that process, from refining your business idea and securing capital to a successful launch into the marketplace. There are many types of business ideas to pursue and you are probably better educated than many historic entrepreneurs - both Thomas Edison and Ray Kroc being high school dropouts and both Steve Jobs and Bill Gates being college dropouts. If you hunger to be your own boss and to make a contribution to society with your ideas, then Business Alchemy: Turning Ideas into Gold has the information for which you have been searching.

Selling on eBay isn't a game. You need to have a plan. eBay 2014 walks you through what it takes to sell on eBay. It answers all of your questions, and gives you ideas about how to get started and grow your eBay business. Do you ever wonder how some sellers can grow a strong thriving business, while others barely scrape by? Many times, I've watched two sellers as they are first starting out on eBay. Both sellers offer the exact same products and prices, yet one business skyrockets to the top of the charts selling thousands of items per month. The other business struggles to sell ten or fifteen items per month. They might even have the same basic look to their listings. On the face of it, it doesn't make sense. Why does one eBay seller prosper, while another falls behind? Is it a matter of luck? Does one eBay seller catch all of the breaks, while another is stuck holding doo doo? Believe it or not, many struggling sellers believe this. They think it's all a matter of luck.