This book examines suitable approaches to and makes policy suggestions on China's industrial upgrading according to the requirements of the transformation of economic growth. It is divided into two major parts, the first of which provides an in-depth analysis of the impact that transforming economic growth will have on industrial development, particular regarding export policy adjustments, the rise of labor wages, and the development of a low-carbon economy, offering valuable insights into the difficulties entailed by the transformation process. In turn, Part II discusses the paths chosen for China's industrial upgrading, examines its past failures and current orientation, and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions for the future.

Is cost-benefit analysis the best means to determine and formulate public policies? To answer this question Jeffrey Leigh Sedgwick examines its application to crime and criminal justice and the implications of that application. In this interdisciplinary study, Sedgwick first assesses the value of applying economic models to the social problem of crime. He compares economic models to sociological ones and then addresses the question of whether economic models are compatible with the values of a liberal political order. He shows that cost-benefit analysis suffers from technical and ethical problems when used to set law enforcement goals. Current techniques for measuring the costs of crime are crude and unreliable, he argues, and overreliance on citizen and consumer preference may lead to the adoption of policies incompatible with American political traditions and respect for human rights. Sedgwick concludes that economic analysis cannot, by itself, lead to the adoption of effective and publicly defensible policies to combat crime.

The economic literature on international migration interests policymakers as well as academics throughout the social sciences. These volumes, the first of a new subseries in the Handbooks in Economics, describe and analyze scholarship created since the inception of serious attention began in the late 1970s. This literature appears in the general economics journals, in various field journals in economics (especially, but not exclusively, those covering labor market and human resource issues), in interdisciplinary immigration journals, and in papers by economists published in journals associated with history, sociology, political science, demography, and linguistics, among others.

First published in 1985, this study, focusing on Egypt, looks at the underlying reasons why certain political, economic and social events have taken place in the country's history. It provides vital analysis of the political and economic issues of the country, and those that have affected it, as well as providing statistical material on all the key data of the political economy. The book was originally published as part of the Middle East Research Institute (MERI) Reports on the Middle East which quickly established themselves as the most authoritative and up-to-date information on the state of affairs in the region.

First published in 1985, this study, focusing on United Arab Emirates, looks at the underlying reasons why certain political, economic and social events have taken place in the country's history. It provides vital analysis of the political and economic issues of the country, and those that have affected it, as well as providing statistical material on all the key data of the political economy. The book was originally published as part of the Middle East Research Institute (MERI) Reports on the Middle East which quickly established themselves as the most authoritative and up-to-date information on the state of affairs in the region.

First published in 1985, this study, focusing on Iran, looks at the underlying reasons why certain political, economic and social events have taken place in the country's history. It provides vital analysis of the political and economic issues of the country, and those that have affected it, as well as providing statistical material on all the key data of the political economy. The book was originally published as part of the Middle East Research Institute (MERI) Reports on the Middle East which quickly established themselves as the most authoritative and up-to-date information on the state of affairs in the region.

Neo-classical economics is frequently criticised for paying inadequate attention to historical processes. However, it has proved easier to make broad claims that history matters' than to theorise with any depth about the appropriate role for history in economic analysis.
Historical Analysis in Economics considers what history can contribute to the science of economics: how would it matter if history mattered?'

Here in one volume are two classics of the foundations of modern finance from America's first celebrated economist, Irving Fisher, for whom the Fisher equation, the Fisher hypothesis, and the Fisher separation theorem are named. In 1892's Mathematical Investigations in the Theory of Value and Prices and 1896's Appreciation and Interest, Fisher explores: . how the numbers of consumers and the numbers of available commodities are more mysterious than they seem at first glance . what happens when production and consumption are examined jointly . how commodities influence one another . the relationship between appreciation and debt . formulas for varying rates of interest and appreciation . the impacts of zero and negative interest . and much more. American economist IRVING FISHER (1867-1947) was professor of political economy at Yale University. Among his many books are The Rate of Interest (1907), Why Is the Dollar Shrinking? A Study in the High Cost of Living (1914), Booms and Depressions (1932), and The Purchasing Power of Money (1912).

Dr. Scott W. Atlas examines the status of US health care under the Affordable Care Act and presents key reforms to meet the nation's significant health care challenges. Updated for 2020, the revised edition includes the facts about single-payer systems and the implications of Medicare for All proposals. Atlas's six-point incentive-based plan instills market-based competition, empowers consumers, and reduces government authority over health care. These reforms lower costs, stimulate innovation, and broaden access to quality care.

Throughout history human beings have formed communities spontaneously with residences constructed haphazardly. Today a new type of community is emerging--one planned from the start regarding housing location, style, and governance. These Community Associations (CAs) have increased in number from 500 in 1960 to 205,000 in 1998. This book explores the issues surrounding this housing innovation and provides a history of community associations and their membership organization, the Community Associations Institute (CAI).

The book explores the process of trial and error in the design of CAs and how the CAI was set up to help them work. It opens with a consideration of the economics of land, housing, and community associations; explores the social, intellectual, legal background for CAs; and surveys their development in the United States. After considering the FHA's role, the book focuses on the development of the CAI .

The current politicized climate around immigration includes heated debate over the potential costs of continued immigration for the health and well-being of the nation. Amid the controversy one pattern that has escaped significant notice is that immigrants today are healthier than the native-born. Even more striking is that these positive health profiles are found among those immigrants who tend to have less education and lower income, factors that population health researchers have typically associated with poor health. A final feature of contemporary immigrant health is evidence of a gradual loss of the immigrant health advantage with time in the U.S. and across generations. These paradoxical patterns lie at the center of Volume 19 of Advances in Medical Sociology. Too often, immigrant health is set apart and treated as a specialty research area rather than as a topic that is central to understanding such core sociological concepts as stratification and inequality. The contributors in this volume all leverage a population health perspective to help unravel the patterns and paradoxes of immigrant health, and in doing so, help to clarify more broadly how health dis-parities emerge and persist in the contemporary U.S.

When you combine nature’s efficiency and the computer’s speed, the financial possibilities are almost limitless. Today’s traders and investment analysts require faster, sleeker weaponry in today’s ruthless financial marketplace. Battles are now waged at computer speed, with skirmishes lasting not days or weeks, but mere hours. In his series of influential articles, Richard Bauer has shown why these professionals must add new computerized decision-making tools to their arsenal if they are to succeed. In Genetic Algorithms and Investment Strategies, he uniquely focuses on the most powerful weapon of all, revealing how the speed, power, and flexibility of GAs can help them consistently devise winning investment strategies. The only book to demonstrate how GAs can work effectively in the world of finance, it first describes the biological and historical bases of GAs as well as other computerized approaches such as neural networks and chaos theory. It goes on to compare their uses, advantages, and overall superiority of GAs. In subsequently presenting a basic optimization problem, Genetic Algorithms and Investment Strategies outlines the essential steps involved in using a GA and shows how it mimics nature’s evolutionary process by moving quickly toward a near-optimal solution. Introduced to advanced variations of essential GA procedures, readers soon learn how GAs can be used to:

• Solve large, complex problems and smaller sets of problems
• Serve the needs of traders with widely different investment philosophies
• Develop sound market timing trading rules in the stock and bond markets
• Select profitable individual stocks and bonds
• Devise powerful portfolio management systems

This book presents a socio-economic analysis of the issues linking technological innovation in providing arsenic-safe drinking water in rural areas. It presents concrete field based experiences of experiments and case studies depicting the plight and sufferings of people due to failed technological deployment strategies over the past two decades in West Bengal, the most arsenic-exposed state in India and also the first to act for remediation of the crisis. One of the greatest challenges in arsenic-exposed zones is to provide sustainable access to reliably arsenic-safe free water. For nearly twenty years the Government of India and national water distribution institutions in collaboration with multi-lateral funding agencies have sought to pump in money, push technology collected through global tenders, and enlist the support of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), but their efforts have yielded little success. This book is the outcome of the authors' intensive fieldwork, guided by the conceptual framework of the latest literature on environmental economics and consumer behaviour. It presents a framework and estimates based on field level primary data. Secondary official source-based data are also collated from various scattered sources into a valuable, comprehensive collection. Lastly, the book includes a revealing analysis of factors affecting households' participation.

Digital Economy: Impacts, Influences and Challenges provides information about the socioeconomic aspects of the Digital Economy. This set of 18 essays covers the effects of Digital Economy on business transactions, technology and culture, as well as on education. It also covers various aspects of global production, trade, and investment and the effects of Internet. The chapters review best practices from concept to development, through implementation and evaluation. This book is one of the few books that looks at the digital economy from a socio economic angle, offering perspectives from scholars and practitioners of digital economics around the world.

Many people have great ideas. Without the necessary skills and means most never get to realize them. If they could cooperate with competent firms and entrepreneurs together both could achieve much and this is increasingly happening. Mechanisms are being established making a division of labour between inventors and implementers a reality. This is changing the nature of innovation from an internal R&D, or purely entrepreneurial attempt, to a more cooperative innovation. An Idea Economy emerges, where anyone has the possibility to profit from their ideas, and everyone will benefit from more and better innovation. This book presents us the emergence and structure of the Idea Economy by extending the seminal concepts of Entrepreneurial Society and Open Innovation. Part I describes the big picture on how innovation is evolving, where we are today, and what an Idea Economy will look like. Part II points the way forward, discussing in detail on how cooperation in the innovation process works, and why this is only recently becoming possible.