The twenty-first century brought unique developments in science and technology. Research surged as individuals sought to uncover hidden knowledge, leading to the introduction of research evaluation to ensure precise and fair research output and dissemination. Scholarly Content and Its Evolution by Scientometric Indicators: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of research evaluation, specifically through the lens of scientometrics. While highlighting topics such as bibliometrics and the h-index, this publication explores a full range of research indicators available for the evaluation and assessment of scientific literature. This book is ideally designed for scholars, professors, academicians, researchers, and graduate-level students seeking current research on metric science.

eBay, Amazon, Etsy, & Fiverr So many choices How do you decide? Which site is right for your online business? Many books promise to share the secrets to getting wealthy selling online. They tell you to sell this or that product, or to try this top secret listing method, or to sign up for this course. But, that's all they are - promises. Sell It Online is different. It's written by a real eBay Power Seller and Top Rated Seller. One who's been selling on eBay and Amazon for over fifteen years. Most importantly, Sell It Online doesn't make any crazy promises that you'll make a million dollars overnight selling on any of these sites. It's not going to happen. It also doesn't tell you that you can make three thousand dollars a month following my method, because those kinds of promises don't make sense. Anyone can make money selling online. But, you aren't going to make a fortune following someone else's plan.

This important book presents a thematic selections of essays by leading post Keynesian economists from Europe and North America. It focuses on a major feature of post Keynesian economics namely the interrelationships between pricing, distribution and growth. It is no accident that these aspects were emphasised in the work of the founding fathers particularly Kalecki and Keynes. Included in the present volume are essays by scholars who have made significant contributions to our understanding of these relationships. Lying behind them is the emphasis on the role of time and uncertainty that initially comes from the works of Keynes, Kalecki and Kaldor. The book offers a thorough coverage of both pricing and distribution as well as the related issue of growth which has, hitherto, been comparatively neglected. It also provides a critical appraisal of certain aspects of main stream economics.

INTEREST AND PRICES Geldzins und Guterpreise A STUDY OF THE CAUSES REGULATING THE VALUE OF MONEY By KNUT WiCKSELL Translated from the German by R. F. KAHN With an Introduction by PROFESSOR BERTIL OIIL1N Published on behalf of the Royal Economic Society by MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTINS STREET, LONDON 1936 COPYRIGHT PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY R. R. CLARK, LIMITED, EDINBURGH TRANSLATORS NOTE I IFAVE to express my sincere thanks to Miss Anna Schwarz schild, who read a portion of the manuscript with great care, and to Dr. Eduard Rosenbaum, who helped me out of many difficulties. The Appendix consists of Wicksells last published article, translated from the original Swedish by Mrs H. Norberg. Wicksells Geldzins und Giiterpreise was published at Jena by Gustav Fischer in 1898. Such footnotes as I have found it necessary to insert are enclosed in square brackets. R. F. K. CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION BY PROFESSOR BERTH, OHLIN . . vii AUTHORS PREFACE ...... xxiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTORY ....... 1 CHAPTER 2 PURCHASING POWER or MONEY AND AVERAGE PRICES . 7 CHAPTER 3 RELATIVE PRICES AND MONEY PRICES . . .18 CHAPTER 4 THE SO-CALLED COST OF PRODUCTION THEORY OF MONEY 29 CHAPTER 5 THE QUANTITY THEORY AND ITS OPPONENTS . .38 v vi INTEREST AND PRICES PAQM CHAPTER 6 THE VELOCITY OF CIRCULATION OF MONEY A. A Pure Cash Economy . . . . .51 B. Simple Credit ...... 59 C. An Organised Credit Economy . . . .62 CHAPTER 7 THE RATE OF INTEREST AS REGULATOR OF COMMODITY PRICES A. The Classical Theory and the School of TooJce . . 81 B. Simplest Hypothesis. Variations of the Rate of Interest when the Market Situation Remains otherwise Unaltered 87 CHAPTER 8 THE NATURAL RATE OF INTEREST ON CAPITAL AND THE RATEOF INTEREST ON LOANS . . . .102 CHAPTER 9 SYSTEMATIC EXPOSITION OF THE THEORY . A. The Causes which Determine the Natural Rate of Interest on Capital ....... 122 B. The Use of Money . . . . . .134 CHAPTER 10 INTERNATIONAL PRICE RELATIONSHIPS . . .157 CHAPTER 11 ACTUAL PRICE MOVEMENTS IN THE LIGHT OF THE PRECED ING THEORY . . . . . .165 CHAPTER 12 PRACTICAL PROPOSALS FOR THE STABILISATION OF THE VALUE OF MONEY . . . . . .178 APPENDIX THE MONETARY PROBLEM OF THE SCANDINAVIAN COUN TRIES ........ 197 INTRODUCTION To judge the character and importance of Knut Wicksells monetary doctrines, it is necessary to view them against the background of the monetary controversy of the late nineties. For some decades the organisation of an inter national gold standard had been the outstanding problem. Hardly had this organisation won its victory in the seventies, when its position was threatened by the con tinued fall in wholesale prices. A violent propaganda for bimetallism set in almost everywhere. The character, working, advantages, and disadvantages of this system naturally became the central topic of discussion in the monetary field. The old debate between the currency and the banking schools had died out and the latter un doubtedly held the field. The quantity theory of money was discredited, even in the Anglo-Saxon countries. Most writers agreed that if credits were granted on adequate security in accordance with sound banking principles, the supply of means of payment could not exceed the re quirements of the market. There was no discussion in that connection of the level of bank rate. Two things seem to have caused Wicksell to adopt an entirely different attitude to monetary problems. First ofall, he was a close student and admirer of the English classical school of economists, above all of Ricardo. To Wicksells mathematical mind the quantity theory of money, as presented by Ricardo, made a much stronger appeal than the vague generalisations of the current bank ing discussions, which side-stepped the question Why do prices rise or fall that Wicksell at an early stage came to regard as the main problem of monetary theory...

This book is an all-in-one "hands-on guide" for nontechnical and technical people working in less developed communities. It has been developed and designed with a prestigious team of authors, each of whom has worked extensively in developing societies throughout the world.
This field guide includes:
- Step-by-step instructions and illustrations showing how to build and maintain a vast array of appropriate technology systems and devices
- Unique coverage on healthcare, basic business and project management, principles of design, promotion, scheduling, training, microlending, and more
Teachers, doctors, construction workers, forest and agricultural specialists, scientists and healthcare workers, and religious and government representatives will find this book a first source for advice.
* Step-by-step instructions and illustrations showing how to build and maintain a vast array of appropriate technology systems and devices
* Unique coverage on healthcare, basic business and project management, principles of design, promotion, scheduling, training, microlending, and more
* Teachers, doctors, construction workers, forest and agricultural specialists, scientists and healthcare workers, and religious and government representatives will find this book a first source for advice.

The Global Diamond Industry: Economics and Development brings together a collection of papers covering various aspects of the diamond industry including economics, law, history, sociology and development across two volumes.

This work examines the relationships among engineering leadership, technological change, and economic development. Specifically, it reviews the role and contribution of engineers--through their education and work--in the pursuit of excellence and effectiveness in our increasingly pervasive technological development. The relationship between the rate of technological development, technological diffusion, and success in its application, and the role or position of engineers in industry and government is interdependent. Frankel concludes that while the United States continues its dominance in basic scientific research and technology development, the growing lag in developing and applying technology in a timely and effective manner is largely a result of the lack of engineers in senior decisionmaking positions in industry and government.

This work will be of interest to practicing engineers, practicing managers, and scholars and students of economics and technology development.

With advancing technologies like distributed ledgers, smart contracts, and digital payment platforms, financial services must be innovative in order to remain relevant in the modern era. The adoption of financial technology affects the whole Islamic financial industry as well as the economic stability of a globalized world. There is a need for research that seeks to understand financial technology and the regulatory technology necessary to ensure financial security and stability. Impact of Financial Technology (FinTech) on Islamic Finance and Financial Stability is an essential publication that examines both the theory and application of newly-available financial services and discusses the impact of FinTech on the Islamic financial service industry. Featuring research on topics such as cryptocurrency, peer-to-peer transferring, and digital wallets, this book is ideally designed for researchers, bank managers, economists, analysts, market professionals, managers, executives, computer scientists, business practitioners, academicians, and students seeking coverage on how the latest in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and blockchain technology will redesign Islamic finance.

This book explores the ongoing transition of China's economy by examining how its healthcare industry is growing and changing. The coronavirus pandemic has reinforced one of the authors' key points: in our complex, fragile, and interconnected societies, the production of health is a vital strategic 'industry'. The case of China is particularly salient, because of its economic and geopolitical significance, and the scale of the healthcare challenge it has faced. Adopting a multi-level perspective, the authors examine the entrepreneurial role of the Chinese government as it seeks to strengthen the competitiveness of domestic firms. They analyze the strategies employed to improve China's technology and capacity for innovation, and discuss China's strategies and policies to ensure knowledge acquisition and creation in the long-term, with particular reference to international scientific collaborations. This book is a must-read for students, researchers, and policymakers interested in the prospects and challenges posed by the growth of the Chinese healthcare industry and its global impact.

This book explores the role of cities and the urban-rural linkages in spurring innovation embedded in spatial planning, strategic and economic planning, and decision support systems. In particular, the contributions examine the complexity of the current transitional phase towards achieving smart, inclusive and sustainable growth, and investigate the post-2020 UE cohesion policy.The main topics include: Innovation dynamics and smart cities; Urban regeneration - community-led and PPP; Inland and urban area development; Mobility, accessibility, infrastructures; Heritage, landscape and Identity; and Risk management, Environment and Energy.The book includes a selection of articles accepted for presentation and discussion at the 3rd International Symposium New Metropolitan Perspectives (ISTH2020), held at the University of Reggio Calabria, Italy on 22-25 May 2018. The symposium, which addressed the challenge of local knowledge and innovation dynamics towards territory attractiveness, hosted the final event of the MAPS-LED project under Horizon2020 - MSCA RISE.

The Commoner's Catalog for Changemaking was born of a simple realization: The world we have inherited is no longer working. The future of the planet and civilization as we know it are threatened, and the cries heard during the pandemic and Black Lives Matter protests-"I can't breathe"-continue to echo. By giving us tools for navigating the transitions ahead, this catalog helps us breathe more deeply. The Commoner's Catalog for Changemaking explains the transformational power of social collaboration by showcasing dozens of pathbreaking projects, books, websites, and activist initiatives. Commoners seek to prioritize people's needs over market extraction, steward the Earth, relocalize the economy, and build new institutions of empowerment. The emerging Commonsverse can be seen in relocalized food systems and community land trusts...in racial empowerment through collective action and mutual aid...and in free and open source software, peer production, and platform cooperatives. Commoning is helping communities to managing scarce water supplies, farmers to develop regenerative agriculture, and artists to reclaim control of their creative lives. Ordinary people are becoming more self-reliant through timebanking and collaborative finance, care collectives and gift economies, and alternative local currencies. The Commoner's Catalog for Changemaking is an indispensable guide for understanding many profound social transformations now underway. In 25 thematic sections, The Commoner's Catalog offers a rare collection of tools for navigating the transitions ahead and building a new world. It offers a portrait of the system-change activism that is creating an economics of sufficiency, a politics of fairness, and a culture of belonging.

Despite being the third largest economy in Southeast Asia, Malaysian entrepreneurial activity is under-reported in the scholarly literature. This book extends such research by examining the impact of entrepreneurship on its economy and evaluating the existing systemic problems. The Malaysian economy has benefited from the density of knowledge-based businesses and utilization of the latest technologies in the manufacturing and digital economies. However, Malaysia faces ongoing challenges, namely concentration of wealth in the city, high regional unemployment and workplace gender inequality. In regional areas, there is an over-reliance on agriculture and necessity based entrepreneurship. Consequently, entrepreneurial activity has been encouraged with the creation of eco-systems, seed corn funding and provision of entrepreneurship education to offer entrepreneurial career choices. Providing recommendations and best practice for driving entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial behaviours, this contributed volume presents the first opportunity to reflect on both the success stories and systemic problems related to effective entrepreneurial behaviour in a South East Asian context.

Dare To Be Great; Overcoming Life's Challenges On Your Way To The Top presents a brilliant road map for you to skillfully navigate your way to a very fulfilling and successful life. Spence Finlayson, a highly skilled practitioner of universally proven success principles crystallizes everything that you will need to know to overcome life's challenges and enjoy a successful life at the top. Finlayson draws from his own life and the lives of others who have aspired for greatness and the tools utilize to make his a reality. A veteran of the personal and professional development industry, Spence Finlayson, through this book, raises the ceiling on the possibilities of a generation of people.

1 Einfuhrung.- 1.1 Grundungsgeschehen und Wirtschaftsentwicklung.- 1.2 Inhaltsuberblick.- 2 UEberblick uber Problembereiche bei der Erfassung von Grundungen und Stilllegungen.- 2.1 Grundfragen.- 2.2 Analyseperspektiven und grundlegende Definitionen.- 2.3 Erhebungseinheit, Definition und Zeitpunkt von Grundung bzw. Stilllegung.- 2.4 Identifikation von Grundungen und Stilllegungen in Datensatzen mit Panel-Struktur.- 2.5 Weitere Problembereiche.- 2.6 Art und Umfang der verfugbaren Informationen.- 2.7 Aufbereitung und Datenzugang.- 3 Die Erhebungen der Statistischen AEmter.- 3.1 Einfuhrung.- 3.2 Datenquellen.- 3.2.1 Unternehmensregistersystem.- 3.2.2 Berichtskreise des Bergbaus und Verarbeitenden Gewerbes.- 3.3 Identifikation von Grundungen.- 3.3.1 Erfassungsverfahren.- 3.3.2 Nachfassen.- 3.3.3 Grundungszeitpunkt.- 3.3.4 Von Betriebsgrundungen separierbare Zugange.- 3.3.5 Von Betriebsgrundungen nicht-separierbare Zugange.- 3.4 Identifikation von Schliessungen.- 3.4.1 Ausscheiden aus der Statistik.- 3.4.2 Schliessungszeitpunkt.- 3.4.3 Von Betriebsschliessungen separierbare Abgange.- 3.4.4 Von Betriebsschliessungen nicht-separierbare Abgange.- 3.4.5 Perforation von Betriebsdatenverlaufen.- 3.5 Qualitat der Indikatoren.- 3.5.1 Grundungsindikator.- 3.5.2 Schliessungsindikator.- 3.6 Informationsgehalt und Zugang.- 4 Die Betriebsdatei der Beschaftigtenstatistik der Bundesanstalt fur Arbeit.- 4.1 Einfuhrung: Beschaftigtenstatistik und Betriebsdatei.- 4.2 Erhebungsverfahren und Inhalt der Beschaftigtenstatistik.- 4.3 Aufbereitungsformen der Beschaftigtenstatistik.- 4.4 Definition des Betriebs in der Beschaftigtenstatistik.- 4.5 Identifikation von Grundungen.- 4.6 Identifikation von Stilllegungen.- 4.7 UEberprufung der Plausibilitat des Betriebsbegriffs.- 4.8 Moeglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Qualitat der Beschaftigtenstatistik fur Analysen des Grundungsgeschehens.- 4.9 Datenzugang.- 5 Die Mannheimer Grundungspanels des Zentrums fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH (ZEW).- 5.1 Einleitung.- 5.2 Rechercheverhalten von Creditreform.- 5.3 Unternehmensgrundungen.- 5.3.1 Erfassungs- und Analyseeinheit der ZEW-Grundungspanels.- 5.3.2 Verfugbare Unternehmensangaben.- 5.3.3 Identifizierung des Grundungszeitpunkts.- 5.3.4 Die Abgrenzung verschiedener Grundungsformen und deren Identifizierung in den ZEW-Grundungspanels.- 5.3.5 Differenzierung zwischen Unternehmensgrundungen und anderen Zugangen in die ZEW-Grundungspanels.- 5.3.5.1 Creditreform-spezifische Anlasse fur separierbare Zugange.- 5.3.5.2 Unternehmensspezifische Anlasse fur separierbare Zugange.- 5.3.5.3 Unternehmensspezifische Anlasse fur nicht-separierbare Zugange.- 5.4 Unternehmensschliessungen.- 5.4.1 Identifikation von Unternehmensschliessungen in den ZEW-Grundungspanels.- 5.4.1.1 Abgrenzung zwischen wirtschaftsaktiven und geschlossenen Unternehmen.- 5.4.1.2 Identifizierbarkeit verschiedener Schliessungsformen.- 5.4.1.3 Identifizierung des Schliessungszeitpunkts.- 5.4.2 Abgrenzung zwischen Unternehmensschliessungen und anderen Ereignissen.- 5.4.2.1 AEnderungen des Umfangs der Geschaftstatigkeit, der Branchenzugehoerigkeit und des Unternehmensstandorts.- 5.4.2.2 Organisatorische Umstrukturierungsereignisse.- 5.5 Zusammenfassung.- 6 Die Gewerbeanzeigenstatistik.- 6.1 Einfuhrung.- 6.2 Erhebungsverfahren der Gewerbeanzeigen.- 6.3 Meldepflicht und Merkmalskatalog zur Gewerbeanzeige.- 6.4 Aufbereitung der Gewerbeanzeigen.- 6.5 Datenqualitat und die Identifikation von Betriebsgrundungen und -Schliessungen.- 6.6 UEberprufung der Datenqualitat am Fallbeispiel der Stadt Regensburg.- 6.7 Verfugbarkeit der Gewerbeanzeigen und der Gewerbeanzeigenstatistik.- 6.8 Fazit.- 7 Die Umsatzsteuerstatistik.- 7.1 Einleitung.- 7.2 Das Umsatzsteuer-Voranmeldungs- und -Vorauszahlungsverfahren.- 7.2.1 Grundgesamtheit.- 7.2.2 In der Umsatzsteuerstatistik enthaltene Informationen.- 7.2.3 Unternehmensregister.- 7.3 Grundungen und Aufloesungen au

The publication of volumes 3 and 4 of the Handbook of Public Economics affords us several opportunities: to address lacunae in the original two volumes of this series, to revisit topics on which there has been substantial new research, and to address topics that have grown in importance. Indeed, many of the papers individually encompass all three of these elements. For each chapter relates to one from an earlier volume, the new contribution is free standing, written with the knowledge that the reader retains the opportunity to review the earlier chapter to compare perspectives and consider material that the current author has chosen not to cover. Indeed, such comparisons illuminate the evolution of the field during the two decades that have elapsed since work first began on the chapters in volume 1. Taken together, the four volumes offer a comprehensive review of research in public economics over the past few decades, written by many of the field's leading researchers.

For more information on the Handbooks of Economics series, please see our homepage on http: //www.elsevier.nl/locate/hes

This book explores Ireland's Marriage Bar, examining its impact on women's lives and the predominantly feminised nursing profession. Information on the history of nursing and the evolution of the nursing profession tends to focus on critical events or key persons who shaped the profession. What is less known and explored is the women nurses' work experiences or how the world outside the ward affected the nurse and the nursing profession at moments in time. This book takes one of these moments in time, the period of the Marriage Bar, and examines the women nurses' lives and the nursing profession during this period of Ireland's history. It does so by adopting a historical perspective and a lived experience perspective of women who had to negotiate this practice. Fifty years on from the Bar removal, as remnants of this time in Ireland's history remain, legislative and constitutional change are required to right the wrongs of the past.

This comprehensive single volume includes seminal articles written by eminent scholars that study the role of standards in the competitive process, the diffusion of standards throughout industry and the role of the public sector in support of standards development. With an original introduction by the editor, this volume is an excellent source of reference and provides an invaluable foundation for students and researchers interested in standards.