It is within the means of many nations to conduct or participate in cost-effective Earth observation missions. This study provides a definition of cost-effective Earth observation missions and information about background material and organizational support. It discusses cost drivers and provides advice on achieving cost-effective missions and discusses training and education. The conclusions and recommendations range from more general factors, which drive the small satellite mission activities, to visions of future cost-effective Earth observation missions. Complementary to large complex missions, small satellite missions have specific advantages: more frequent missions opportunities and therefore faster return of science and application data, a larger variety of missions and greater diversification of potential users; more rapid expansion of the technical and/or scientific knowledge base; greater involvement of local and small industry. This volume will prove to be a useful source of information to governments, space agencies, academia, and industry.

The process of globalization has had profound, often destabilizing, effects on space, at all levels (i.e. local, regional, national, international). This revealing book analyzes, both theoretically and empirically, the effects of globalization over space. It considers, through a dialogue among different paradigms, the ways in which space has become more important in the global economy. Globalization has been advocated as a way of shrinking time and space which will lead to a homogenized global market; a suggestion challenged in differing ways and with a variety of approaches by all the contributors to this volume. Leading authorities from a range of disciplines are represented amongst this impressive list of contributors, including Eric Sheppard, Bjorn Asheim, Richard Walker and Peter Swann. The chapters demonstrate persuasively the continuing, and even increasing, role of space in the global economy, and throughout, the book covers viewpoints from the fields of: international political economy economic geography regional and local economics. This impressive volume, which contains a selection of the best in contemporary scholarship, will be of interest to the international arena of academicians, policy makers and professionals in these or related fields.

The Routledge Companion to the Makers of Global Business draws together a wide array of state-of-the-art research on multinational enterprises. The volume aims to deepen our historical understanding of how firms and entrepreneurs contributed to transformative processes of globalization. This book explores how global business facilitated the mechanisms of cross-border interactions that affected individuals, organizations, industries, national economies and international relations. The 37 chapters span the Middle Ages to the present day, analyzing the emergence of institutions and actors alongside key contextual factors for global business development. Contributors examine business as a central actor in globalization, covering myriad entrepreneurs, organizational forms and key industrial sectors. Taking a historical view, the chapters highlight the intertwined and evolving nature of economic, political, social, technological and environmental patterns and relationships. They explore dynamic change as well as lasting continuities, both of which often only become visible - and can only be fully understood - when analyzed in the long run. With dedicated chapters on challenges such as political risk, sustainability and economic growth, this prestigious collection provides a one-stop shop for a key business discipline.

Institutional and technological change is a highly topical subject. At the theoretical level, there is much debate in the field of institutional economics about the role of technological change in endogenous growth theory. At a practical policy level, arguments rage about how Japan and the Japanese economy should plan for the future.

In this book, leading economists and economic historians of Japan examine a range of key issues concerning institutional and technological change in Japan, rigorously using discipline-based tools of analysis, and drawing important conclusions as to how the process of change in these areas actually works.

In applying these ideas to Japan, the writers in this volume are focusing on an issue which is currently being much debated in the country itself, and are helping our understanding of the world 's second-largest economy.

Paradoxically, Japan provides massive amounts of development aid to China, despite Japan's clear perception of China as a prime competitor in the Asia-Pacific region. This clearly written and comprehensive volume provides an overview of the way Japan's aid to China has developed since 1979. It explains the shifts that have taken place in Japan's China policy in the 1990s against the background of international changes and domestic changes in both countries, and offers new insights into the way Japanese aid policy making functions, thereby providing an alternative view of Japanese policy making that might be applied to other areas. Through a series of case studies, it shows Japan's increasing willingness to use development aid to China for strategic goals and explains a significant shift of priority project areas of Japan's China aid in the 1990s, from industrial infrastructure to socio-environmental infrastructure. The book argues that, contrary to the widely held view that Japan's aid to China is given for reasons of commercial self-interest, the objectives are much more complex and dynamic. Using original material, Takamine shows how policy making power within the Japanese government has shifted in recent years away from officials in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to politicians in the Liberal Democratic Party.

Class Structure and Economic Growth was first published in 1971.

First Published in 2005. The political manoeuvres which brought about the collapse of Britain's last Liberal government in May 1915 have already been the subject of much scholarly debate. This book will attempt to go beyond the arena of strictly party and factional politics and will examine some of the administrativeproblems the Liberals faced on the home front.

At what stage of their careers do great artists produce their most important work? In a series of studies that bring new insights, and new dimensions, to the study of artistic creativity, "Artistic Capital" examines the careers of more than 100 modern painters, poets, and novelists to reveal a powerful relationship between age and artistic creativity.
David Galenson's analysis of the careers of such major painters as Cezanne, van Gogh, Picasso, Pollock, and Warhol, such important novelists as Dickens, Woolf, Joyce, and Hemingway, and such key poets as Frost, Eliot, Lowell, and Plath reveals the very different methods by which artists have made innovations. Remarkably, each method is associated with a distinctive pattern of discovery over the life cycle. The book's use of simple but powerful quantitative analysis permits systematic generalization about large numbers of artists.
Pointing to a new and richer history of the modern arts, "Artistic Capital "will be of interest not only to humanists and social scientists, but to anyone interested in the nature of human creativity in general.

This book is a critical interdisciplinary approach to the study of contemporary visual culture and image studies, exploring ideas about space and place and ultimately contributing to the debates about being human in the digital age. The upward and downward pull seem in a constant contest for humanity's attention. Both forces are powerful in the effects and affects they invoke. When tracing this iconological history, Amanda du Preez starts in the early nineteenth century, moving into the twentieth century and then spanning the whole century up to contemporary twenty-first century screen culture and space travels. Du Preez parses the intersecting pathways between Heaven and Earth, up and down, flying and falling through the concept of being "spaced out". The idea of being "spaced out" is applied as a metaphor to trace the visual history of sublime encounters that displace Earth, gravity, locality, belonging, home, real life, and embodiment. The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, visual culture, media and cultural studies, phenomenology, digital culture, mobility studies, and urban studies.

Writing Economics is a guide designed to introduce students to the means and methods of writing on topics related to the discipline of economics. Understanding the way economists see the world is a necessary step on the way to good economics writing. This book takes the following step by step approach by describing: * the keys needed to succeed as a writer of economics and an overview of the writing process from beginning to end * the basic methods economists use to analyze data and communicate their ideas * suggestions for finding and focusing one's topic, including standard economic sources and techniques for doing economic research * how to write papers * ways of citing sources and creating a bibliography The book also contains useful appendices, which provide details of statistical sources and relevant electronic indices. Used as a standard guide for economics students at Harvard University, the book should prove to be of immense practical use economics students the world over.

First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

"Agrarian Change and Economic Development" is a landmark volume that examines the historical experience of the relationship between agrarian change and economic development.
Because agriculture was until recently man's dominant occupation, scholars have traditionally drawn little attention to its immense historical importance. The essays in this book redress this balance, and illustrate the significance of the western world's escape from an overwhelmingly agrarian condition. It is therefore an ideal work for encouraging those concerned with current problems to perceive agricultural development as professional historians see it, and to question the oversimplified historical analogies commonly employed in development economics.
Presenting historical examples of change within particular agricultural systems, and discussing their implications for national economic development, both social scientists and planners less concerned with historical revision will have equal reason to welcome thesecase studies of the long-run interaction of agrarian change and economic activity. This classic book was first published in 1969.

First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This book is the first to provide English readers with a brief and comprehensive survey of economic life in Italy during the period of its greatest splendour: the Middle Ages and Renaissance.
The wealth of Renaissance Italy was the product of centuries of growth, and the great Renaissance cities, Venice, Milan and Florence, were first and foremost centres of international trade, which taught the rest of Europe the rudiments of modern business techniques. In a masterly synthesis, based upon a lifetime of study and research, Professor Gino Luzzatto, the greatest of living Italian historians, describes the main changes in Italian economic conditions from the end of the Roman Empire, when Italy ceased to be the centre of a European state, to the end of the Middle Ages when Italy lost the leadership of European trade and banking. The narrative chapters, which deal with barbarian Italy, feudal Italy and Italy in the age of the communes, are followed by a valuable analysis of medieval agriculture, industry, commerce and finance, in her principal Italian states. The range of discussion is wide and offers an excellent introduction to the economic history not only of Italy but of the whole Mediterranean region. This classic text was first published in 1961.

In this book W. O. Henderson has brought together in English translation the journals of four foreign visitors who travelled in England and Scotland in the years immediately following the Napoleonic wars, in a way which may be regarded as a sequel to his recent book on J. C. Fischers diaries of industrial Britain.
Two of the travellers whose journals are included in this volume were Swiss industrialists. Hans Caspar Escher was both a professional architect and the founder of the famous engineering firm of Esther Wyss of Zurich, Bodmer, also of Zurich, lived in England for many years and was recognised as an inventor of genius. The other accounts of industrial Britain in the Regency era are a report by the Prussian Factory Commissioner May and a short survey of the Newcastle upon Tyne colliery railways by the French government engineer Louis de Gallois. The four diaries show how informed foreign visitors were impressed by the way in which Britain had survived the perils of Napoleons Continental System and was now forging ahead to consolidate her position as the workshop of the world. This book was first published in 1968.

How can you be sure you are buying the company you think you are? Are you sure it is as good as the seller says? How can you be certain unexpected costs and obligations will not suddenly appear once you are the owner and responsible for them? How best can you arm yourself for the negotiations? Have you worked out precisely what you are going to do with it once it is yours? How do you set the priorities for change to recoup the premium you have paid for it? The answer to all these questions, and many more, lies within a series of three comprehensive yet concise volumes by Peter Howson. The Essentials of M&A Due Diligence, the first in the series, is a must for anyone who needs to master the essentials of due diligence with the minimum effort and in the minimum amount of time. Straightforward and unbiased, it sets out the fundamentals of pre-acquisition investigations, showing which are appropriate and why.

This book explores the renewal of forms of capital accumulation and the institutions that shape it. It focuses on three main sources of accumulation: the extraction of profit through labor and the commodification of nature, financial speculation and the ways in which profit is converted into wealth. It thus offers a new understanding of the economic and political logics of capital accumulation within capitalism in the 21st century. It shows the recomposition of the sources of profit, from the traditional mechanisms of labor exploitation to the contemporary logics of speculation and dispossession. Bringing together the work of scholars who study the social fabric of capitalist accumulation, Accumulating Capital Today goes beyond disciplinary frontiers to describe how capital is accumulating in a world threatened by social and environmental collapse. This book heralds the emergence of "accumulation studies" and will be of interest to researchers in sociology, anthropology, politics, political economy, geography and economics.

Shipbuilding in the United Kingdom provides a systematic historical account of the British Shipbuilders Corporation, first looking at this major industry under private enterprise, then under state control, and finally back in private hands. The chapters trace the evolution of public policy regarding shipbuilding, ship repair, and large marine engine building through the tenures of radically different Labour and Conservative governments, and through the response of the board of the British Shipbuilders Corporation, trade unions, and local management also. The book benefits from comprehensive archival research and interviews from the 1990s with leading players in the industry, as well as politicians, shipbuilders, trade union leaders, and senior civil servants. This authoritative monograph is a valuable resource for advanced students and researchers across the fields of business history, economic history, industrial history, labour history, maritime history, and British history.

The News Media in Puerto Rico offers a synopsis as well as a critical analysis of the Island's news media system, with emphasis on the political and economic factors that most influence how the media operate. The authors also document the impact of Hurricane Maria on the media structures and the changing media landscape given the political, economic and colonial strictures. Building on interviews with news media professionals, the book further presents detailed insights about journalism and journalism education in these times of crises. The final chapters include theoretical frameworks and methodological guidelines for the analysis of other colonial, post-colonial and neo-colonial media systems, with research recommendations valuable for future studies of the Island's media as well as for cross-national comparisons. This book will be an essential read for students and scholars interested in learning not only about the Puerto Rican and Latin American mass media, but also the media systems of other colonial/neo-colonial countries.

* Offers a comprehensive framework - the Leadership Blueprint - to address weaknesses in current talent management and leadership development * Includes a condensed set of key questions, worksheets, and case studies, along with a recommended approach for implementing recommended tactics * Presents high-level results from an ongoing interview-based study that captures perspectives from more than 50 CEOs from around the world

Is knowledge powerful? Do leaders and those aspiring really understand the importance and power of organizational knowledge? Can knowing accelerate one's career journey, while not knowing disrupt success? Will leaders and organizations achieve their full potential and mission without leveraging organizational knowledge? This book is for leaders, aspiring leaders, professionals, students, performance improvement practitioners, and strategists regardless of industry. It provides a quick, clear, and concise guide for readers to understand organizational knowledge, create knowledge transfer plans, and leverage knowledge to lead from the front. Without knowledge, leaders and their organizations will eventually operationally perish. In this book, leaders will learn the power of the following: * Strategic knowledge * Knowledge related to organizational governance and structure * Creating knowledge plans and capturing and sharing knowledge * Leveraging organizational knowledge in integrating organizations and building teams * Knowledge in leadership decision making

Assessing and managing risk is vitally important, and is increasingly studied in a range of areas including politics and international relations, finance and insurance, and innovation and the valuing of intangible assets such as patents and intellectual property. The degree to which innovation is encouraged or otherwise - a key factor for many businesses - depends in part on the attitude towards risk in the context in which it takes place.

Taplin considers the different attitudes towards risk and innovation, and the different ways in which risk and innovation are handled, in Japan, Britain the USA. Providing a broad and detailed examination of the subject, she discusses topics including risk management standards, managing risk in marketing, the insurance industry, patents, and in venture capital, and of how risk management in organizations has evolved.

"Read this book. It explains so much about the moment...Beautiful, heartbreaking work." -Ta-Nehisi Coates "A deep accounting of how America got to a point where a median white family has 13 times more wealth than the median black family." -The Atlantic "Extraordinary...Baradaran focuses on a part of the American story that's often ignored: the way African Americans were locked out of the financial engines that create wealth in America." -Ezra Klein When the Emancipation Proclamation was signed in 1863, the black community owned less than 1 percent of the total wealth in America. More than 150 years later, that number has barely budged. The Color of Money seeks to explain the stubborn persistence of this racial wealth gap by focusing on the generators of wealth in the black community: black banks. With the civil rights movement in full swing, President Nixon promoted "black capitalism," a plan to support black banks and minority-owned businesses. But the catch-22 of black banking is that the very institutions needed to help communities escape the deep poverty caused by discrimination and segregation inevitably became victims of that same poverty. In this timely and eye-opening account, Baradaran challenges the long-standing belief that black communities could ever really hope to accumulate wealth in a segregated economy. "Black capitalism has not improved the economic lives of black people, and Baradaran deftly explains the reasons why." -Los Angeles Review of Books "A must read for anyone interested in closing America's racial wealth gap." -Black Perspectives

First published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.