This book reviews the fundamentals of this local climatic phenomenon as a gateway to solving the challenging problems of rapid urbanization in the face of climate change. This work uses the dimensions and principles of urban planning and design, and landscape architecture in conjunction with the competence of environmental design to reduce the impact of this phenomenon. The book focuses on five SDGs to explain the problems that urban residents suffer because of high temperatures or the formation of heat islands. These selected SDGs are Goals 1, 3, 8, 11, and 13. Some of which can be limited to affecting the health status, productive capacity, social and economic well-being, and the feeling of distress and aggressive behavior. This book focuses on five SDGs: poverty (Goal 1), public health and well-being (Goal 3), decent work and economic growth (Goal 8), sustainable cities and societies (Goal 11), and climate action (Goal 13). These goals are associated with the increasing UHI phenomenon that accompanies rapid urbanization, which has changed the way of life of many countries worldwide. Thus, this book aims to reach sustainable cities and societies that do not suffer from poverty and disease due to climatic change and where decent work and social and economic well-being is achieved. The prime audience includes experts working in architecture, site planning and design, urban planning and design, landscape architecture, sustainable urban design, and environmental design. In addition, the book focuses on researchers, academics, practitioners, and urban governance, developers, and policymakers. Significantly, the target audience can get more insights into using new paradigms, methods, techniques, modelings, and research applications.

Pollution due to various anthropogenic activities continues to increase. In terms of water pollutants, organic and inorganic pollutants are the most problematic. Although several measures have been proposed and implemented to prevent or reduce contamination, their increased concentration in water bodies has created serious concerns. Over the years, the problem has been aggravated by industrialization, urbanization and the exploitation of natural resources. The direct discharge of wastewater contaminants and their geographical mobilization have caused an increase in concentration in ground, surface, fluvial and residual waters. Extensive information about detection and disposal methods is needed in order to develop technological solutions for a -variety of environments, both urban and rural. This book provides up-to-date information on wastewater contaminants, aimed at researchers, engineers and technologists working in this field. Conventional physicochemical techniques used to remove contaminants from wastewater include ion exchange, precipitation, degradation, coagulation, coating, membrane processes and adsorption. However, these applications have technological and economic limitations, and involve the release of large amounts of chemical reagents and by-products that are themselves difficult to remove. Biosorption - the use of organically generated material as an adsorbent - is attracting new research and scholarship. Thermally-treated calcined biomaterials may be treated to remove heavy metals from wastewater. To ensure the elimination of these contaminants, existing solutions must be integrated with intelligent biosorption functions. Biosorption for Wastewater Contaminants will find an appreciative audience among academics and postgraduates working in the fields of environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering, wastewater treatment technology and environmental chemistry.

Comprehensive guide to biochar technology as a novel, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution for the treatment of wastewater Biochar Applications for Wastewater Treatment summarizes recent research development on biochar production and emerging applications with a focus on the value-added utilization of biochar technology in wastewater treatment, succinctly summarizing different technologies for biochar production and characterization with an emphasis on feedstock selection and pre-/post- treatment. The text discusses the mechanisms of biochar's various roles in different functions of wastewater treatment and includes the latest research advances in manufacturing optimization and improvements to update the carbonaceous materials with desirable environmental functionalities. Discussion and case studies are incorporated in treating municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater, and stormwater to illustrate and emphasize the promising prospects of biochar technology in the treatment of various wastewater in actual utilization. Perspectives and future research directions of the emerging biochar technology in wastewater treatment are presented to provide insights for the readers and researchers in biochar application in wastewater treatment. Sample topics covered in Biochar Applications for Wastewater Treatment include: Different technologies for biochar production and characterization Adsorption, biofiltration, anaerobic degradation, sludge dewatering and composting, nutrient recovery, advanced oxidation process, and odor control Removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and emerging contaminants Fate and transport in the environment, and life cycle assessment Biochar Applications for Wastewater Treatment is an essential resource for professionals in environmental engineering/sciences, water and waste management, and sustainable environmental development looking for a comprehensive overview of the subject. The text is also valuable for academics interested in wastewater treatment technologies using biochar as a carbon-negative alternative to conventional materials.

The idea of socioecosystems answers the growing need to understand, in the context of the Anthropocene, how adaptive processes interact, and how that interplay results in the coevolution of living beings. Studying socioecosystems means taking into account the diversity of temporal and physical scales in order to grasp how ecological, social and economic forces are interwoven. Based on these drivers, the complex dynamics that determine the habitability of the Earth emerge. This book analyzes, through concrete cases from regional socioecosystems on several continents, how research action has provided answers to problems related to agriculture, health and the conservation of biodiversity. It demonstrates that these undertakings could not have succeeded without the combined efforts of the communities of living beings and objects, the community of knowledge and the communities of action. These examples are accompanied by a reflection on the conditions that make it possible to bring this research to completion.

Dimensional analysis is the basis for the determination of laws that allow the experimental results obtained on a model to be transposed to the fluid system at full scale (a prototype). The similarity in fluid mechanics then allows for better redefinition of the analysis by removing dimensionless elements. This book deals with these two tools, with a focus on the Rayleigh method and the Vaschy-Buckingham method. It deals with the homogeneity of the equations and the conversion between the systems of units SI and CGS, and presents the dimensional analysis approach, before addressing the similarity of flows. Dimensional Analysis and Similarity in Fluid Mechanics proposes a scale model and presents numerous exercises combining these two methods. It is accessible to students from their first year of a bachelor s degree.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are some of the most discussed materials of the last decade. Their extraordinary porosity and functionality from metals and organic linkers make them one of the most promising materials for a vast array of applications. The easy tunability of their pore size and shape from the micro- to meso-scale by changing the connectivity of the inorganic moiety and the nature of the organic linkers makes these materials special. Moreover, by combining with other suitable materials, the properties of MOFs can be improved further for enhanced functionality/stability, ease of preparation, and selectivity of operation. Emerging Applications and Implementations of Metal-Organic Frameworks combines the latest empirical research findings with relevant theoretical frameworks in this area in order to improve the reader's understanding of MOFs and their different applications in areas that include drug delivery, heavy metal removal from water, and gas storage. The design and synthesis of MOFs are also investigated along with the preparation of composites of MOFs. While covering applications that include water defluoridation, rechargeable batteries, and pharmaceutically adapted drug delivery systems, the book's target audience is comprised of professionals, researchers, academicians, and students working in the field of physical and polymer chemistry, physics, engineering science, and environmental science.

As the global population continues to increase, it has become necessary to find ways to handle this increase through various policy tools that address population growth and urbanization problems. The urbanization process has both potential issues and opportunities that need to be exploited to move societies forward. Megacities and Rapid Urbanization: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice examines trends, challenges, issues, and strategies related to population growth and rapid urbanization and its impact on urban environments. The book also explores the use of different governance approaches in addressing challenges and different tools and systems of appropriate allocation to address issues. This publication is an ideal reference source for academicians, students, practitioners, professionals, managers, urban planners, and government officials.