According to their effects on man, the author distinguishes between four different noise zones, the transition to the next zone being characterised by the appearance of an additional effect. These are: psychic reactions, vege tative reactions, injuries to the internal ear, and, finally, mechanical de struction of ganglion ceIls. The author gives examples of psychic reactions, depending not only on the nature of the noise but also on the mental attitude of the person per ceiving the noise towards its source. The most characteristic re action is a constriction of peripheral blood vessels, followed by a decrease in circula tion in the whole body. The degree of this reaction depends on the intensity of the noise, but not on its frequency, though the width of the noise band plays an important r61e. As to the vegetative reactions, there is no adaptation to noise. In sleep they are stronger than in a wakeful state. Exposure to noise for years causes persistent effects on the blood flow through the skin, but also on the heart action and the regulation of the equilibrium. Noise of more than 90 phones may prove injurious to the auditory ap paratus. Higher frequencies are more detrimental than lower ones. The audiometric diagram allows to distinguish between traumatic injuries and those due to old age. Extraaural effects of noise are only to be found among operators of jets and rockets, especially at test-stands, and may be pre vented by wearing protective devices."

The increasing demand for healthy foods has resulted in the food industry developing functional foods with health-promoting and/or disease preventing properties. However, many of these products bring new challenges. While drugs are taken for their efficacy, functional foods need to have tastes that are acceptable to consumers. Bitterness associated with the functional foods is one of the major challenges encountered by food industry today and will remain so in years to come. This important book offers a thorough understanding of bitterness, the food ingredients that cause it and its accurate measurement. The authors provide a thorough review of bitterness that includes an understanding of the genetics of bitterness perception and the molecular basis for individual differences in bitterness perception. This is followed by a detailed review of the chemical structure of bitter compounds in foods where bitterness may be considered to be a positive or negative attribute. To better understand bitterness in foods, separation and analytical techniques used to identify and characterize bitter compounds are also covered.  Food processing can itself generate compounds that are bitter, such as the Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation related products. Since bitterness is considered a negative attribute in many foods, the methods being used to remove and/mask it are also thoroughly discussed.

"Why You Hear What You Hear" is the first book on the physics of sound for the nonspecialist to empower readers with a hands-on, ears-open approach that includes production, analysis, and perception of sound. The book makes possible a deep intuitive understanding of many aspects of sound, as opposed to the usual approach of mere description. This goal is aided by hundreds of original illustrations and examples, many of which the reader can reproduce and adjust using the same tools used by the author (e.g., very accessible applets for PC and Mac, and interactive web-based examples, simulations, and analysis tools will be found on the book's website: whyyouhearwhatyouhear.com.) Readers are positioned to build intuition by participating in discovery.

This truly progressive introduction to sound engages and informs amateur and professional musicians, performers, teachers, sound engineers, students of many stripes, and indeed anyone interested in the auditory world. The book does not hesitate to follow entertaining and sometimes controversial side trips into the history and world of acoustics, reinforcing key concepts. You will discover how musical instruments really work, how pitch is perceived, and how sound can be amplified with no external power source.

Sound is key to our lives, and is the most accessible portal to the vibratory universe. This book takes you there. The first book on sound to offer interactive tools, building conceptual understanding via an experiential approach Supplementary website (http: //www.whyyouhearwhatyouhear.com) will provide Java, MAX, and other free, multiplatform, interactive graphical and sound applets Extensive selection of original exercises available on the web with solutions Nearly 400 full-color illustrations, many of simulations that students can do

In this book, Barbara Ellison and Thomas B. W. Bailey lay out and explore the mystifying and evanescent musical territory of 'sonic phantoms': auditory illusions within the musical material that convey a 'phantasmatic' presence. Structured around a large body of compositional work developed by Ellison over the past decade, sonic phantoms are revealed and illustrated as they arise through a diverse array of musical sources, materials, techniques, and compositional tools: voices (real and synthetic), field recordings, instrument manipulation, object amplification, improvisation, and recording studio techniques. Somehow inherent in all music--and perhaps in all sound--sonic phantoms lurk and stalk with the promise of mystery and elevation. We just need to conjure them.

FOOD REGULATION Provides both students and professionals with up-to-date coverage of US food regulatory law Food Regulation: Law, Science, Policy, and Practice presents an in-depth yet accessible account of all key aspects of United States food regulation. Using a modified casebook format, this comprehensive textbook introduces readers to the case law and statutory scheme of food regulation, defines the inspection authority and enforcement tools of various regulatory agencies, discusses current and emerging public policy issues, and more. Readers explore a wide range of topics in food law, science, policy, and practice; which connect legal theory to practical application. The third edition is fully updated to reflect significant changes in US food law, such as the regulations implementing the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and the National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard. New case studies and discussion questions highlight important legal trends, policy debates, and application of current law. Offering thorough, highly practical coverage of food regulatory law, this authoritative volume: Features new and updated material on US food law, including recent regulations concerning novel food processing Covers requirements of food labeling, advertising and health claim guidelines, regulation of US food imports and exports, and international food law Discusses important topics such as food defense, regulation of biotechnology, ethical issues, product liability, food safety rules, and substantiation of health claims Includes a brief history of food regulation and an overview of US government agency organization and jurisdictions Contains problem exercises covering different aspects of food law designed to strengthen critical thinking Food Regulation: Law, Science, Policy, and Practice, Third Edition, remains the ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses in agriculture, food science, dietetics, law, and regulatory compliance management. It is also a must-have reference for food scientists, attorneys, researchers, quality assurance and regulatory specialists, and other industry professionals responsible for complying with US food regulation.

Die vollstandige Berechnung und Darstellung von Schallvorgangen macht schon in den Fallen, wo es sich um einfache Strahleranordnungen 'handelt, nicht unerhebliche Schwierigkeiten. Damit hangt es wohl zu sammen, dass eine systematische Behandlung daruber nicht vorliegt. Im folgenden wird der Versuch gemacht, die grundlegenden Formeln und Begriffe zu entwickeln und an einer Reihe von einfachen Bei spielen praktisch anzuwenden. Dabei erscheint es wegen der ausser ordentlichen Vereinfachung naturgemass, die Berechnung zunachst auf das Gebiet in grosser Entfernung vom Strahler zu beschranken. Bei dieser Einschrankung ergibt sich der Ubergang vom ungerichteten zum gerichteten Strahler sehr einfach, indem die Formeln des ungerichteten Schallsenders durch einen zusatzlichen Faktor, der als Richtfaktor bzw. Strahlungsfaktor gekennzeichnet ist, erganzt werden. Auch macht dann die Berechnung des Schallfeldes von Membranen, die im Gegensatz zur Kolbenmembran keine konstante Schwingungsamplitude haben oder Knotenlinien besitzen, keine besonderen Schwierigkeiten. Der zweite Teil behandelt die Darstellung des in unmittelbarer Nahe des Strahlers vorhandenen Schallfeldes. Der zunachst untersuchte Fall von zwei punktformigen Strahlern zeigt bereits, dass jetzt ganz wesent lich kompliziertere Verhaltnisse vorliegen. Man ist daher auch ge zwungen, das Schallfeld an jeder Stelle zu beschreiben. Das geschieht am einfachsten, indem man die Kurven zeichnet, fur welche die Druck amplitude einen konstanten Wert besitzt. Im Falle der kreisformigen Kolbenmembran, der praktisch von besonderer Bedeutung ist, ist es wesentlich, dass wenigstens die Werte auf der Mittelachse, auch in un mittelbarer Nahe, sehr einfach angegeben werden konnen."

This series of books comprises a major social and cultural history of Britain, reflected through the prism of music - mostly folk music. It amounts to a hidden history of both Britain and music, and is part oral history and part incisive criticism, with a fair amount of humour thrown in. The ten part series is based on the life of 90-year-old Bill Leader, the prolific sound engineer and producer, who was the first to record Bert Jansch, the Watersons, Anne Briggs, Nic Jones and Connollys Billy and Riognach, and among the last to record Jeannie Robertson, Fred Jordan and Walter Pardon. Bill straddled the golden age of traditional singing and the folk revival. He agreed to the biographical treatment if due prominence be given to colleagues who may have since slipped from the world's eyes. Through the series, a parade of the great and good come and go. These include Paul Simon, Brendan Behan, Pink Floyd and Christy Moore, all recorded by Bill at one time or another. Secrets, surprises and heresies are rife and something jaw dropping happens at least every four pages. Each book comes with illustrations by PETER SEAL and rare photographs.

I sat in my interview intending to make decorative iron work after I left school and my future boss said; 'we also do one or two horses are you interested!' That was the beginning of my working life of fifty two years as a farrier instead of blacksmithing. I have amassed many amusing stories from the stables. I met some wonderful clients with one or two exceptions. A long the way I had the pleasure of meeting some amazing characters both animal and human. my life wasn't without its trials and tribulations but my love of my work carried me through.

This title contains the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on the development of the Charge-Coupled Device (CCD), which makes possible the widespread use of consumer camcorders and broadcasting color cameras. It is comprehensive enough to be of great value to researchers, industrialists and post-graduate students in image technology.