Zu Recht geht die Autorin dieses Buches von der Feststellung aus, daB es an um fassend und systematisch angelegten Schriften iiber qualitative Marktforschung man gelt. Mit ihrem eigenen, beachtenswerten Beitrag versucht Frau Dr. Kepper diese Lucke zu schliefien. Es kommt ihr darauf an, die besonderen Merkmale der qual ita tiven (im Vergleich zur quantitativen) Marktforschung klar zu kennzeichnen, die viel faltigen Einsatzmoglichkeiten zur Unterstiitzung von Marketing-Entscheidungen auf zuzeigen, aber auch kritisch auf Kriterien zur Beurteilung der Methodengiite einzuge hen. Nicht zuletzt will die Verfasserin verdeutlichen, dafi qualitative Marktfor schungsansatze nicht nur eine "Vorstufe" in Erhebungsprojekten sind, sondern ihren eigenstandigen Stellenwert zur Gewinnung von Marktkenntnissen besitzen. Als Hauptmerkmale der qualitativen Marktforschung werden hervorgehoben: - Die 0 f fen h e i t im Sinne des Verzichts auf eine vorweg getroffene theore tische Festlegung, so dafi der Forscher und seine Untersuchungskonzeption ohne Einengungen auf die Gewinnung von Hypothesen ausgerichtet sind. - Die K 0 m m u n i kat i v ita t, was bedeutet, dafi die Erhebungsarbeiten nicht starren Fragenstandards folgen, sondern situativ auf die jeweiligen Auskunftspersonen und deren kommunikative Fiihigkeiten eingehen. - Die T y pis i e run g, womit die Verfasserin zum Ausdruck bringen will, daB bei qualitativen Studien nicht das Streben nach statistisch reprasentativen Daten im Vordergrund steht, sondern der Versuch einer verstehenden Zuordnung der Untersu chungseinheiten zu aussagefiihigen Kategorien. Das 3. Kapitel ("Qualitative Marktforschungsmethoden") enthait eine ausfiihrliche Erlauterung von Untersuchungsverfahren, die diesen Begriffsmerkmalen entsprechen."

How do inventions take shape? How did the inventors of the sewing needle, the hammer, or the wheel find their ideas? Are these creations the result of random events, or are hidden principles at work? Using everyday objects most of us take for granted--from forks and Velcro to safety pins and doorknobs--noted cognitive psychologist Robert Weber takes a fascinating look at how our world of inventions came into being, and how the mind's problem-solving abilities gave them the forms they have.
As an archaeologist studies shards of pottery for clues about an ancient culture, Weber examines the many forms of inventions, from stone knives to genetically engineered mice, and finds a rich record of the work of many minds over time--a record of human creativity and problem-solving handed down through the centuries. He offers various methods for analyzing what mental paths might have been taken by these inventive minds. In the test for design, for example, he ponders how an item would work if various components were shuffled or constructed differently, revealing how the optimal shape of the invention was discovered. He challenges the reader to engage in thought experiments to explore how the horse-drawn cart, the waterscrew, or the fork might have taken shape over many years, through the efforts of successive inventors and adapters. In stripping these simple artifacts to the bone, Weber finds a hidden intelligence at work in everyday objects as well as recurrent heuristics (basic principles or rules of thumb) that are common among many of our most successful inventions--heuristics powerful enough to generate endless new ideas. Weber ranges across the work of Archimedes, Leonardo da Vinci, the Wright brothers, as well as grade-school children who have won national awards for their inventions, revealing that the same principles are at work in the discoveries of all of them. Basic principles of invention, he writes, govern how we think, solve, and manipulate ideas, whether mechanical or mental, real or mythological.
Weber's playful, original, and insightful look at the inventions around us reveals a hidden intelligence in everything from screws to tea bags to synthesizers--an intelligence based on principles of creativity and problem-solving. His fascinating account sheds light on how the mind hones its most original thoughts and products, and provides a field guide for how we can tap into our own creativity.

To demystify creative work without reducing it to simplistic formulas, Doris Wallace and Howard Gruber, one of the world's foremost authorities on creativity, have produced a unique book exploring the creative process in the arts and sciences. The book's original`evolving systems approach' treats creativity as purposeful work and integrates cognitive, emotional, aesthetic, and motivational aspects of the creative process. Twelve revealing case studies explore the work of such diverse people as William Wordsworth, Albert Einstein, Jean Piaget, Anais Nin, and Charles Darwin. The case study approach is discussed in relation to other methods such as biography, autobiography, and psychobiology/ Emphasis is given to the uniqueness of each creative person; the social nature of creative work is also treated without losing the sense of the individual. A final chapter considers the relationship between creativity and morality in the nuclear age. In addition to developmental psychologists and cognitive scientists, this study offers fascinating insights for all readers interested in the history of ideas, scientific discovery, artistic discovery, artistic innovation, and the interplay of intuition, inspiration, and purposeful work.

This book explores the interplay between physiological and psychological states in light of increasing evidence that they exert subtle, long-term influences not only on mood, but also perception, judgement, and cognitive processes in general; these, in turn, affect behaviour. Drawing on his own data from subjective assessments of mood and research by others, the author addresses questions such as what determines a person's mood and its changes; what is the relationship between mood and sugar snacking, smoking, coffee drinking, late-night worry, depression, and insomnia; what effect do exercise, time of day, nutrition, and sleep have on mood. This book will be of interest to researchers in personality, clinical, and physiological psychology and to laypersons interested in the topic.

This wide-ranging volume presents an in-depth picture of adolescent sexuality and behavior. As perhaps the most vital period in human development, adolescence is a time of complex, often difficult interactions between diverse influences. Here, nineteen scientists representing ten disciplines explore the biological, psychological, and cultural factors involved in the onset of puberty and its associated emotional changes. Patterns of adolescent sexual behavior are viewed in cross-cultural perspective, psychiatric disorders are considered, and trends in adolescent sexual activity, contraception, and pregnancy are described. Key legal and social dilemmas are also explored. This is the third volume in a groundbreaking series from the Kinsey Institute, which has as its aim the study of topics relating to sex, gender, and reproduction that require an interdisciplinary approach. Previous volumes in the series include Homosexuality/Heterosexuality and Masculinity/Femininity.

Die Gesundheit der Beschaftigten zu sichern, ist die zentrale Aufgabe des betrieb- lichen Arbeitsschutzes. Dazu mussen Verfahren entwickelt werden, die im Sinne einer prognostischen Vorgehensweise Gefahrdungen ermitteln und bewerten. Diese Forderung war seit Jahren vordringliches Anliegen von Herrn Prof. Hart- mut Thiemecke. Seine UEberlegungen und Anregungen haben in wesentlichem Masse zur Erstellung dieser Arbeit beigetragen. Das hier vorgestellte Verfahren zur Sicherheitsanalyse stellt den Anhang meiner vom Fachbereich 2 der Gesamthochschule Kassel genehmigten Dissertation dar. Mein besonderer Dank gilt daher Herrn Prof. Dr. Ekkehart Frieling fur die Be- treuung dieser Arbeit sowie Herrn Prof. Dr. Hans Martin fur die UEbernahme des Korreferates. Bedanken moechte ich mich vor allem bei meinem Kollegen Wilfried Jungkind- Butz fur die Zusammenarbeit wahrend des gemeinsamen Studiums und fur die vielen Diskussionen und inhaltlichen Anregungen bei der Bearbeitung verschie- dener Forschungsprojekte am Institut fur Arbeitswissenschaft und Didaktik des Maschinenbaus der Universitat Hannover. Gedankt sei weiterhin allen Kolleginnen und Kollegen, die die Erstellung dieser Arbeit unterstutzt haben. Hannover, im Februar 1989 Joerg Nohl Inhaltsverzeichnis Teil I: Hinweise zum Einsatz 1 Einleitung 3 2 Ziele und Begriffe der Sicherheitsanalyse 5 3 Schritte der Sicherheitsanalyse 10 3.1 Schwerpunktermittlung .

Die erste Auflage des vorliegenden Buches entstand 1977 aus dem Bedurfnis nach einem modemen Lehrbuch, das Studierenden und Wirtschaftspraktikern eine geschlossene, alle wesentliche Aspekte der Marktforschung umfassende Darstel lung bietet. Es sollte in die Lage versetzen, konkrete AufgabensteIlungen zu erarbeiten und erfolgreich zu losen. Deshalb wurde auf eine gute Systematik und auf klare Formulierungen besonderer Wert gelegt und auch versucht, unter Verzicht auf Nebensachliches gleichsam das zentrale, gesicherte Wissen darzule gen. Aufgrund der vielfach attestierten besonderen Eignung zu Lehr-und Lernzwecken ist das Buch inzwischen zu einem Standardwerk der Marktforschung geworden. Bei der vorliegenden vierten Auflage wurde die bewahrte Grundkonzeption beibehalten, der Inhalt zum grossen Teil jedoch neu bearbeitet. Eine Reihe von Kapiteln wurde dabei hinzugefugt oder stark erweitert, um dem aktuellen Stand der Forschung Rechnung zu tragen. Die Arbeit ist in vier grosse Abschnitte gegliedert: Teil 1 enthalt grundlegende Ausfuhrungen uber Bedeutung, Struktur und Steue rung der Informationsprozesse im Absatzbereich sowie die massgebendsten Gesichtspunkte zur Planung und Durchfuhrung der Informationsgewinnung. Teil 2 umfasst die Methoden der Marktforschung. Im einzelnen werden die zahlreichen traditionellen und modemen Erhebungsinstrumente vorgestellt und ihre Anlage und Wirkungsweise erlautert. Gegenuber den vorhergehenden Auflagen wurden hier eine Reihe von inhaltlichen Erganzungen vorgenommen sowie eine verbesserte Systematik gewahlt."

Der hier vorgelegte erste Band eines Handbuches zur Evaluierungsforschung wendet sich vor aHem an diejenigen, die sich mit Fragen der Entwicklung und Nutzung von Evaluierung und Evaluierungsforschung professionell, sei es in Politik, Verwaltung oder Forschung, befassen. Daruber hinaus solI es denjenigen, die haufig, wenn auch nur indirekt von Evaluierungen betroffen sind, ein Verstandnis der Aufgaben und Methoden der Evaluierungsforschung vermitteln, nicht zuletzt urn sie auch hand- lungsfahiger und bewuBter in der Einschatzung der unterschiedlichen Moglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Evaluierung zu machen. Ferner ist es auch an all diejenigen ge- richtet, die sich in Fortbildung und Studium mit Evaluierungsfragen befassen. Fiir diese ermoglicht dieses Handbuch, einen Uberblick iiber Wachstum und Entwick- lung der vielfaltigen Ansatze von Evaluierung zu gewinnen. Dann aber und vor allem wendet es sich auch an all diejenigen, die sich intensiv mit Fragen der Rationalisie- rung staatlicher Aufgaben oder der Rolle des Staates in der marktwirtschaftlichen Ordnung befassen und zogern, fUr ihre FragesteHungen das technische Arsenal der Evaluierungsforschung, sei es in Politik, Verwaltungspraxis, Program management und in der Forschung zu nutzen. Das Handbuch selbst blickt auf eine wechselvolle Geschichte zuruck. Ein dan- kenswerterweise von der VW-Stiftung gefOrderter, lebhafter und intensiver Gedan- kenaustausch zwischen in der Mehrzahl deutschen und amerikanischen Verwal- tungspraktikem und Evaluierungsforschem im Juni 1979 in Berlin (s. Levine, Solomon, Hellstem, Wollmann, eds.

Not everyone who experiments with substance use or risky behavior becomes addicted, and many who are addicted have been able to recover. This authoritative book, now revised and updated, has given tens of thousands of professionals and students a state-of-the-art framework for understanding the journey both into and out of addiction. From Carlo C. DiClemente, codeveloper of the transtheoretical model (TTM), the book identifies the stages and processes involved in initiating, modifying, maintaining, or stopping any pattern of behavior. Grounded in extensive research, and illustrated with vivid case examples, the book shows how using the TTM can help overcome obstacles to change and make treatment and prevention more effective. New to This Edition *Incorporates 15 years of research advances, contemporary prevention and treatment approaches, and the ongoing development of the TTM. *Chapter on current developments in intervention research. *Expanded discussions of neuroscience; self-regulation; behavioral economics; self-help, mutual help, and spirituality; motivational issues; "process addictions" (gambling and sex addiction); and more. *Deeper coverage of risk and protective factors across adolescent and young adult development.

Developed to bridge the content covered in psychology survey courses and more advanced undergraduate psychology curriculum, Psychology as a Science and a Profession helps students better understand psychological science and the variety of potential careers available to them within the field. Throughout the text, students are empowered to find relevant research articles in scientific journals, recognize their predictable structure, and comprehend the main points of a study. They learn how to evaluate scientific claims made in the media and other non-scientific outlets. In exploring these various facets of psychological science, students gain a greater understanding of the discipline and can better determine if a career in psychology is for them. The book is organized into three sections. Unit I defines psychology and psychologists' roles, presents the rationale for studying the discipline, shares best practices to help students succeed in their psychological studies, and provides an overview of careers in psychology and other related areas. The chapters in Unit II begin with an overview of scientific principles, next address strategies for success in finding, reading, and writing psychological science, and conclude with ethics in psychology. The final unit addresses principles of research as applied to psychology. Psychology as a Science and a Profession is an ideal textbook for courses and programs in psychology, especially those emphasizing research methodology.

Qualitative Inquiry in Neoliberal Times is written from the perspective that the scholarly lives of academics are changing, constantly in flux, and increasingly bound to the demands of the market - a context in which the university has increasingly morphed into a business enterprise, one that treats students as consumers to be marketed to, education as something to be purchased, and research as something to be capitalized on for financial gain. The effects of this market-orientation of scholarly life, especially on those in the social sciences and humanities, are ones that demand serious examination. At the same time, qualitative inquiry itself is changing and evolving within and against the rhythms of this 'new normal'. This volume engages with these emerging debates in qualitative research over new materialism, 'data', public policy, research ethics, public scholarship, and the corporate university in the neoliberal age. World-renowned contributors from the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Norway, Australia, and New Zealand present a global perspective on these issues, framed within a landscape of higher education marked if not marred by efficiency metrics, accountability, external funding, and university rankings. Qualitative Inquiry in Neoliberal Times is a must-read for faculty and students alike interested in the changing dynamics of their profession, whether theoretically, methodologically, or structurally and materially. This title is sponsored by the International Association of Qualitative Inquiry, a major new international organization that sponsors an annual congress.

IBM SPSS Statistics 26 Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, sixteenth edition, takes a straightforward, step-by-step approach that makes SPSS software clear to beginners and experienced researchers alike. Extensive use of four-color screen shots, clear writing, and step-by-step boxes guide readers through the program. Output for each procedure is explained and illustrated, and every output term is defined. Exercises at the end of each chapter support students by providing additional opportunities to practice using SPSS. This book covers the basics of statistical analysis and addresses more advanced topics such as multi-dimensional scaling, factor analysis, discriminant analysis, measures of internal consistency, MANOVA (between- and within-subjects), cluster analysis, Log-linear models, logistic regression and a chapter describing residuals. Back matter includes a description of data files used in exercises, an exhaustive glossary, suggestions for further reading and a comprehensive index. IMB SPSS Statistics 26 Step by Step is distributed in 85 countries, has been an academic best seller through most of the earlier editions, and has proved invaluable aid to thousands of researchers and students. New to this edition: Screenshots, explanations, and step-by-step boxes have been fully updated to reflect SPSS 26 How to handle missing data has been revised and expanded and now includes a detailed explanation of how to create regression equations to replace missing data More explicit coverage of how to report APA style statistics; this primarily shows up in the Output sections of Chapters 6 through 16, though changes have been made throughout the text.