This book seeks to re-define the role of fantasy in human life by overturning mainstream psychology's understanding of daydreams as being task-distracted mind wandering by proposing that all waking fantasies function to transform mood states into specific emotional reactions.

This book contrasts earlier textbooks on "evidence-based practices." Whereas the latter is a slogan that call for scientific evidence to be used in standardized treatment manuals, ethics-based practices call for individualized treatment that makes the situation meaningful for the patient. The main argument for changing the treatment design from being evidence-based to one based on ethics, is the hypothesis that good health care is based on treatment which makes the situation positive and meaningful for the patient. The awareness for this is primarily provided by ethical considerations.

This Element describes noteworthy developments in cross-cultural psychology of the past half century. It stresses the author's involvement with the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology and the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. It presents events in a decade-by-decade format, allowing brief discussion of high points in each decade, such as significant conferences and books, and commentaries on selected scholars. Topics include summaries of IACCP conferences, Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, IACCP Archives, and assessment of introductory psychology texts and their cultural content. Key aspects of culture-centered methodology in psychology and the teaching of culture-oriented psychology conclude the presentation.

Discovering hidden recurring patterns in observable behavioral processes is an important issue frequently faced by numerous advanced students and researchers across many research areas, including psychology, biology, sports, robotics, media, finance, and medicine. As generally, themany powerful methods included in statistical software packages were not developed for this kind of analysis, discovering such patterns has proven a particularly difficult task, due to a lack of a) adequate formalized models of the kinds of patterns to look for, b) corresponding detection algorithms and c) their implementation in available software. The research described in this book is based on the application of such pattern types, algorithms and software developed from the late seventies to the present in the context of research in collaboration with human and animal behavioral research teams at internationally leading universities in the US and Europe, thus testing the usefulness and validity of the pattern types, algorithms and software in numerous research areas. With the (scale independent statistical hierarchical and fractal-like) T-Pattern at its heart, a set of proposed pattern types, called the T-System, forms the basis for the search algorithms implemented as the software THEME (TM) (vs. 6), which is easily available in free educational and full commercial versions.

This Fifth Edition of Neil J. Salkind's Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics: Using Microsoft Excel, presents an often intimidating and difficult subject in a way that is clear, informative, and personable. Opening with an introduction to Excel, including coverage of how to use functions and formulas, this edition shows students how to install the Excel Data Analysis Tools option to access a host of useful analytical techniques. New to the Fifth Edition is new co-author Bruce Frey who has added a new feature on statisticians throughout history (with a focus on the contributions of women and people of color). He has updated the "Real-World Stats" feature, and added more on effect sizes, updated the discussions on hypotheses, measurement concepts like validity and reliability, and has more closely tied analytical choices to the level of measurement of variables.

One of our bestselling handbooks, The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research in Psychology, is back for a second edition. Since the first edition qualitative research in psychology has been transformed. Responding to this, existing chapters have been updated, and three new chapters introduced on Thematic Analysis, Interpretation and Netnography. With a focus on methodological progress throughout, the chapters are organised into three sections: Section One: Methods Section Two: Perspectives and Techniques Section Three: Applications In the field of psychology and beyond, this handbook will constitute a valuable resource for both experienced qualitative researchers and novices for many years to come.

This collection of research articles illustrates a wide variety of qualitative methods for gathering and interpreting data.

This book addresses key issues in perinatal mental health and discusses the different types of psychiatric care that may be appropriate for pregnant women, parents and infants, with emphasis on the need for joint care. The wide range of preventive measures, mainly applicable in primary care and the various potential curative interventions are examined in detail, with coverage of ambulatory care, day care and the role of mother and baby units. The importance of working in networks and joint decision-making strategies is explained. In addition, an overview of maternal perinatal psychopathology is provided and other relevant aspects are fully discussed, including the establishment of parent-infant interactions and the impacts of parental psychiatric illness on parenting skills and infant development. The book will be invaluable for adult and child psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists, midwives, nurses and all others involved in the provision of perinatal psychiatric care.

An R Companion for Applied Statistics II: Multivariable and Multivariate Techniques breaks the language of the R software down into manageable chunks in order to help students learn how to use R to analyze multivariate data. The book focuses on the statistics generally covered in an intermediate or multivariate statistics course and provides one or two ways to run each analysis in R. The book has been designed to be an R companion to Rebecca M. Warner's Applied Statistics II: Third Edition, and includes end-of-chapter instructions for replicating the examples from that book in R. However, this text can also be used as a stand-alone R guide for a multivariate statistics course, without reference to the Warner text. Datasets and scripts to run the examples are provided on an accompanying website.

Adaption-Innovation theory (A-I theory) is a model of problem solving and creativity which aims to increase collaboration and reduce conflict within groups. A-I Theory and the associated Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI) have been extensively researched and are increasingly used as tools for teambuilding and personnel management. In Adaption-Innovation: In the Context of Diversity and Change, Dr Kirton outlines the central concepts of the theory, including the processes of problem solving, decision making and creativity. In addition, Dr Kirton focuses on how wide diversity within a team affects problem solving, creativity and effective management of change, as well as offering practical information for those helping diverse teams succeed in today's demanding climate.
This timely and comprehensive text is written for anyone who wants to know more about problem solving, thinking style and creativity. As such it will appeal to a broad range of people, from human resource managers, business consultants and group trainers, to students of psychology, business, management, sociology, education and politics.

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Qualitative interviewing is among the most widely used methods in the social sciences, but it is arguably the least understood. In The Science and Art of Interviewing, Kathleen Gerson and Sarah Damaske offer clear, theoretically informed and empirically rich strategies for conducting interview studies. They present both a rationale and guide to the science-and art-of in-depth interviewing to take readers through all the steps in the research process, from the initial stage of formulating a question to the final one of presenting the results. Gerson and Damaske show readers how to develop a research design for interviewing, decide on and find an appropriate sample, construct a questionnaire, conduct probing interviews, and analyze the data they collect. At each stage, they also provide practical tips about how to address the ever-present, but rarely discussed challenges that qualitative researchers routinely encounter, particularly emphasizing the relationship between conducting well-crafted research and building powerful social theories. With an engaging, accessible style, The Science and Art of Interviewing targets a wide range of audiences, from upper-level undergraduates and graduate methods courses to students embarking on their dissertations to seasoned researchers at all stages of their careers.

An Applied Treatment of Modern Graphical Methods for Analyzing Categorical Data Discrete Data Analysis with R: Visualization and Modeling Techniques for Categorical and Count Data presents an applied treatment of modern methods for the analysis of categorical data, both discrete response data and frequency data. It explains how to use graphical methods for exploring data, spotting unusual features, visualizing fitted models, and presenting results. The book is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the social and health sciences, epidemiology, economics, business, statistics, and biostatistics as well as researchers, methodologists, and consultants who can use the methods with their own data and analyses. Along with describing the necessary statistical theory, the authors illustrate the practical application of the techniques to a large number of substantive problems, including how to organize data, conduct an analysis, produce informative graphs, and evaluate what the graphs reveal about the data. The first part of the book contains introductory material on graphical methods for discrete data, basic R skills, and methods for fitting and visualizing one-way discrete distributions. The second part focuses on simple, traditional nonparametric tests and exploratory methods for visualizing patterns of association in two-way and larger frequency tables. The final part of the text discusses model-based methods for the analysis of discrete data. Web ResourceThe data sets and R software used, including the authors' own vcd and vcdExtra packages, are available at http://cran.r-project.org.

Social movements are not only a potential challenge to societies, they also challenge social theory. This volume looks at social movements and social movement research through the lens of different social theories. What can social movement studies learn from these theories? And: What can these theories learn from the analysis of social movements? From this double vantage point, the book discusses the theories of Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu, Niklas Luhmann, Jeffrey Alexander, and Judith Butler, as well as rational choice theory, relational sociology, and organizational neo-institutionalism.

This brief but potent reference combines cognitive-behavioral and rational-emotive theory and techniques in an effective group program for parents of children with externalizing disorders. The Rational Positive Parenting Program (rPPP) addresses irrational emotions and their underlying beliefs that contribute to ineffective parenting, while modeling skills for improved parent-child relationships and management of children's problem behaviors. The book reviews the full-length, brief, and online protocols for rPPP, with session content, objectives, therapeutic techniques, activities, and assignments. Also included are a digest of the evidence base for the program, and a kit of parent handouts targeting emotion-regulation skills. This highly practical volume: Overviews externalizing disorders in children, and their treatment. Examines parenting practices as an etiological factor for child psychopathology. Situates the Rational Positive Parenting Program in CBT and REBT theory. Presents empirical support for rPPP. Details the full-length, brief, and online protocols for rPPP. Includes rPPP forms, worksheets, and measures. The Rational Positive Parenting Program is a ready resource for practitioners working in REBT, including therapists, clinical psychologists, and counselors, as well as for researchers addressing externalizing disorders in children in clinical practice.

This clinical guide reviews the basics of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and presents a quartet of tested protocols for treating anxiety disorders in children and adults. Adult applications feature REBT for treating generalized anxiety disorder and a brief REBT/virtual reality immersion approach to social anxiety disorder. For children and adolescents, a REBT and a rational-emotive educational program address anxiety with interventions tailored to age and developmental considerations. Each protocol suggests measures for screening for suitability and differential diagnosis, explains the usefulness of REBT for the problem, and includes these features: Session-by-session therapist guide with case formulation and relevant techniques. In-session evaluation scales. Client worksheets and exercises. Developmentally appropriate materials for children and adolescents. Agendas for parent sessions to supplement children's therapy. Recommended readings for clients and reference lists for therapists. REBT in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adults offers a wealth of proven hands-on knowledge not only for practitioners using REBT in their work, such as therapists, clinical psychologists, and counselors, but also for researchers studying the efficacy of psychotherapy interventions for anxiety disorders.

This forward-looking monograph distills the current knowledge base on lethal school shootings for school professionals invested in improving school safety. Divided between correlates, interventions, and prevention, it begins with the Virginia Tech massacre as exemplifying the kinds of personal, environmental and social dynamics that commonly result in lethal violence on campus. Bullying as a causal factor in school violence is a specific focus of the findings, including immediate and long-term negative effects, psychology of bullies and victims and issues related to cyber bullying. And specialized chapters provide details on Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for victimized children and youth, treatment possibilities for bullies and an empirically-supported program for preventing further lethal events. Featured in this reference: Case study: Cho Seung-Hui. Correlates of school violence: bullying, psychopathy, ethnic and gender issues and more. Anti-bullying interventions. Treatment of traumatized children. Averted school shootings and resolved school hostage events. The Safe Schools Communities Model for violence prevention. For professionals working in and with schools in various capacities, optimizing safety is a top priority. Violence in Schools gives those readers clear direction toward achieving this crucial goal.

This concise reference serves as a companion to traditional research texts by focusing on such essentials as model construction, robust methodologies and defending a compelling hypothesis. Designed to wean Master's and doctorate-level students as well as new researchers from their comfort zones, the book challenges readers to engage in multi-method approaches to answering multidisciplinary questions. The result is a step-by-step framework for producing well-organized, credible papers based on rigorous, error-free data. The text begins with a brief grounding in the intellectual attitude and logical stance that underlie good research and how they relate to steps such as refining a topic, creating workable models and building the right amount of complexity. Accessible examples from psychology and business help readers grasp the fine points of observations, interviewing, simulations, interpreting and finalizing data and presenting results. Fleshed out with figures, tables, key terms, tips, and questions, this book acts as both a friendly lecturer and a multilevel reality check.

This volume provides the first comprehensive overview of social psychological research on inequality for a graduate student and professional audience. Drawing on all of the major theoretical traditions in sociological social psychology, its chapters demonstrate the relevance of social psychological processes to this central sociological concern. Each chapter in the volume has a distinct substantive focus, but the chapters will also share common emphases on: * The unique contributions of sociological social psychology * The historical roots of social psychological concepts and theories in classic sociological writings * The complementary and conflicting insights that derive from different social psychological traditions in sociology. This Handbook is of interest to graduate students preparing for careers in social psychology or in inequality, professional sociologists and university/college libraries.

The Wiley Handbook of Personality Assessment presents the state-of-the-art in the field of personality assessment, providing a perspective on emerging trends, and placing these in the context of research advances in the associated fields. * Explores emerging trends and perspectives in personality assessment, building on current knowledge and looking ahead to the future landscape of the field * Discusses emerging technologies and how these can be combined with psychological theories in order to enhance the real-world practice of assessing personality * Comprehensive sections address gaps in current knowledge and collate contributions and advances from diverse areas and perspectives * The chapter authors are eminent scholars from across the globe who bring together new research from many different countries and cultures

This unique text covers the core research methods and the philosophical assumptions that underlie various strategies, designs, and methodologies used when researching cultural issues. It teaches readers why and for what purpose one conducts research on cultural issues so as to give them a better sense of the thinking that should happen before they go out and collect data. More than a "methods text", it is about all the steps that go into doing cross-cultural research. It discusses how to select the most appropriate methods for data analysis and which approach to use, and details quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods for experimental lab studies and ethnographic field work.

A handy, easy-to-read reference for the diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic and acute stress disorders, this important 6th edition has been revised and updated extensively, offering a wealth of new information in a concise format of 6 sections. The new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) are discussed, in depth, in Chapters 2 and 6, respectively. In addition, updated tables listing instruments for assessing diagnosis and symptom severity are cited and annotated in seven appendices, as in previous editions. Chapters 3-5 have been revised to keep pace with the ever-expanding literature on treatment of PTSD. This is especially true in Chapter 4 where, in addition to a focus on evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy, CBT and other individual psychosocial treatments (e.g. eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, EMDR), the growing literature is presented on couples, family, group and school-based treatments for adults, children and adolescents. Chapter 5 reviews the pathophysiology of PTSD and evidence-based pharmacotherapy for the disorder. Chapter 6 addresses both normal acute stress reactions and clinically significant ASD, as well as effective interventions for each. A comprehensive, sophisticated, practical reference for all clinicians, Posttraumatic and Acute Stress Disorders, 6th Edition is an invaluable resource designed to guide the best clinical attention for individuals suffering from posttraumatic an d acute stress disorders.

Surveys are used extensively in psychology, sociology and business, as well as many other areas, but they are becoming increasingly difficult to conduct. Some segments of the population are hard to sample, some are hard to find, others are hard to persuade to participate in surveys, and still others are hard to interview. This book offers the first systematic look at the populations and settings that make surveys hard to conduct and at the methods researchers use to meet these challenges. It covers a wide range of populations (immigrants, persons with intellectual difficulties, and political extremists) and settings (war zones, homeless shelters) that offer special problems or present unusual challenges for surveys. The team of international contributors also addresses sampling strategies including methods such as respondent-driven sampling and examines data collection strategies including advertising and other methods for engaging otherwise difficult populations.

This book offers first-person accounts of the experience of psychosis from the inside and the outside, through the eyes of two doctors, one of whom has experienced psychosis and both of whom have worked for decades in the field of psychiatry. Underpinned by rigorous academic analysis using an evocative duo-ethnographic approach, the book explores the cultural and subcultural influences from childhood onwards - both traumatic and resilience-building - that have shaped their lives. Both authors reflect on strategies they learned early in life for dealing with challenges, each managing to function at a high level while avoiding awareness of their vulnerability. They reflect on the potential dangers of using their expertise and position of power in psychiatry simply to diagnose mental illness and prescribe medication. The differences and similarities in the authors' stories provide a productive tension highlighting the complexities of this paradigm shift that is happening in psychiatry. Written in the form of two interacting memoirs, this book is of great interest to researchers, clinicians, and practicing psychologists, as well as a general audience with interest in psychosis.

Sets out internationally agreed diagnostic criteria specifically designed for use when conducting research on mental and behavioral disorders. Deliberately restrictive, the criteria are intended to facilitate the selection of groups of individuals whose symptoms and other characteristics resemble each other in clearly stated ways, and thus to maximize the homogeneity of study groups and the comparability of findings in multi-centre and international studies. The book, which covers over 300 disorders, is derived from chapter V(F) of the Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). The research criteria were developed in collaboration with the world's leading experts and finalized after testing by researchers and clinicians in 32 countries, representing all the major traditions and schools of psychiatry. Descriptions of clinical concepts upon which the research criteria are based are contained in the companion volume "Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines." For each disorder, criteria are labeled with letters or numbers to indicate their place in a hierarchy of generality and importance. This hierarchy includes general criteria, which must be fulfilled by all members of a group of disorders, obligatory criteria for individual disorders, and further groups and sub-groups of characteristics, of which only some are required for the diagnosis. Where appropriate, the most commonly used exclusion clause is also listed. A number of disorders of uncertain or provisional status are described in two annexes. The first covers affective disorders that have been the subject of recent research, together with certain personality disorders. The second describes several disorders that seem to appear almost exclusively in particular cultures.