This book investigates the overall natural gas reform performance of Turkey, addressing both shortfalls and setbacks that have prevented Turkey from the fulfillment of the regulatory implementation since 2001, and how the prospectively liberalised natural gas market can effectively operate at all levels. Although eighteen years have passed since the introduction of the first legislation as a basis for a more liberalised Turkish natural gas market, the completion of the reform process still suffers from a lack of enforcement. The book offers recommendations to address this, the main one being that policy makers should give due consideration to the consolidation of EMRA's independent role with appropriate safeguards laid out to prevent attempts of regulatory misuse. The book concludes by suggesting that there is a compelling need to move forward with a consolidated reform sooner rather than later if Turkey genuinely wishes to take a leadership position in the race to become an efficient gas hub and be part of Europe's single energy market.

This book offers a comprehensive yet accessible snapshot of the latest consumer research on the adoption and use of electric vehicles. It discusses the importance of developing a better understanding of consumer behavior in relation to electric vehicles, and the advantages that can be gained from the growing number of electric vehicle users, who can now be studied directly. In turn, it systematically analyzes the leading markets for electric vehicles in North America, Europe and Asia. Bringing together the experience and expertise of authoritative researchers and practicing professionals, the book shares a wide range of empirical data obtained at the national level and summarizes the general lessons learned. The last part of the book discusses policy-relevant insights, forecasts the future evolution of the field in terms of methods and data availability, and addresses several key questions that policymakers and other stakeholders are currently facing.

Hydro-Quebec manages one of the largest power grids on the continent. It is among the most profitable, the least expensive and the greenest. With a stunning renewable energy rate of 99.8 percent, Quebec has two-generation advance on places like California and Ontario. Combining a reporters' style with thought, philosophy and a touch of humour, Jean-Benoit Nadeau and Julie Barlow look into Hydro-Quebec's future - with an eye also on the past - as the public utility marks the 75th anniversary of its founding. The future is now and it is electric. It spans widely diverse fields such as big data aggregation centres, exports to the United States, acquisitions in Mexico, Chinese buses, mega-batteries, bitcoins, charging stations and much more.Between now and Hydro-Quebec's 100th anniversary, the challenges will be vast. As our habits and expectations change radically everything will be on the table, from solar panels to rates, from remote heating control to underground power lines, and from the environment to relations with the indigenous peoples.

X ray, neutron and gamma radiography have been widely used by industry as non-destructive testing methods for quality control and to assess the safety and integrity of structures. Such techniques use intense, human-made radiation sources in the laboratory and at industrial sites. Muons are relatively massive elementary particles produced naturally by cosmic rays, and which may be used as a highly penetrating, non-destructive probe. Muon imaging is therefore an attractive alternative for certain applications. This publication describes some of the main muon imaging techniques, the detector types involved, and a wide variety of applications that have been identified from examination of modern and ancient built environments, volcanology, industry to nuclear security and safeguards. This publication is expected to be of use to all those individuals working in industry and academia with an interest in muon imaging.

Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Processes, Fourth Edition, winner of a 2022 Textbook Excellence Award (Texty) from the Textbook and Academic Authors Association, provides accessible coverage of clean, safe alternative energy sources such as solar and wind power. Aldo da Rosa's classic and comprehensive resource has provided thousands of engineers, scientists, students and professionals alike with a thorough grounding in the scientific principles underlying the complex world of renewable energy technologies. The fourth edition has been fully updated and revised by new author Juan Ordonez, Director of the Energy and Sustainability Center at Florida State University, and includes new worked examples, more exercises, and more illustrations to help facilitate student learning.

Energy transitions are fundamental to achieving a zero-carbon economy. This book explains the urgently needed transition in energy systems from the perspective of the global political economy. It develops an historical, global, political and ecological account of key features of energy transitions: from their production and financing, to how they are governed and mobilised. Informed by direct engagement in projects of energy transition, the book provides an accessible account of the real-world dilemmas in accelerating transitions to a low carbon economy. As well as changes to technology, markets, institutions and behaviours, Power Shift shows that shifts in power relations between and within countries, and across social groups and political actors, are required if the world is to move onto a more sustainable path. Using contemporary and historical case studies to explore energy transitions, it will be of interest to students and researchers across disciplines, policymakers and activists.

Oil and gas supplies will continue to play a key role in a future sustainable energy system to support economic growth and social progress, even under a scenario in which stringent climate policies and measures are implemented. At the same time, oil and gas industries are among the main sources of anthropogenic methane emissions. Methane is the primary component of natural gas, with some emitted to the atmosphere during its production, processing, storage, transmission, distribution, and use. Despite methane's short residence time, the fact that it has a much higher warming potential than CO2 and that its atmospheric volumes are continuously replenished make effective methane management a potentially important element in countries' climate change mitigation strategies. This document provides guidance for developing and implementing effective monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) practices, as well as for mitigating methane emissions, from the oil and gas sector. In its discussion on MRV and mitigation opportunities, it is meant to serve as a resource for a broad audience, including owners and operators of oil and gas facilities and policymakers at all levels of government. It is intentionally 'principles-based', recognising that conditions vary greatly across oil and gas facilities, and that legal, political and institutional aspects differ by jurisdictions

This book covers the full spectrum of water and environment conservation, offering management lessons, identifying the barriers to transformative change, and then presenting agendas and initiatives for sustainable global water and environment management. Water is a unique resource and is vital to human beings and ecosystems. At the same time, it is a driver of growth and development. However, in a changing world factors such as rapid population growth and urbanization are having an increasing impact on water and the environment, and managing critical water resources sustainably represents an unprecedented and urgent challenge. As such, the book describes innovative approaches that can be used to support the operationalization and delivery of sustainable water and environment management. ICSDWE 2019 is dedicated to sustainable water and environment, with a focus on the water resources management, wastewater treatment and environmental protection. Sharing current knowledge and recent developments, experiences and lessons learned, it stimulates discussion and reflection, to promote a paradigm shift toward sustainable water and environment management.

This book serves as an introductory reference guide for those studying the application of models in energy systems. The book opens with a taxonomy of energy models and treatment of descriptive and analytical models, providing the reader with a foundation of the basic principles underlying the energy models and positioning these principles in the context of energy system studies. In turn, the book provides valuable insights into the varied applications of different energy models to answer complex questions, including those concerning specific aspects of energy policy measures dealing with issues of supply and demand. Case studies are provided in all of the chapters, offering real-world examples of how existing models fit the classification methods outlined here. The book's remaining chapters address a broad range of principles and applications, taking the reader from the basic principles involved, to state-of-the-art energy production and consumption processes, using modeling and validation/illustration in case studies to do so. With its in-depth mathematical foundation, this book serves as a comprehensive collection of work on modeling energy systems and processes, taking inexperienced graduate students from the basics through to a high-level understanding of the modeling processes in question, while also providing professionals and academic researchers in the field of energy planning with an up-to-date reference guide covering the latest works.

This book presents original, peer-reviewed research papers from the 4th Purple Mountain Forum -International Forum on Smart Grid Protection and Control (PMF2019-SGPC), held in Nanjing, China on August 17-18, 2019. Addressing the latest research hotspots in the power industry, such as renewable energy integration, flexible interconnection of large scale power grids, integrated energy system, and cyber physical power systems, the papers share the latest research findings and practical application examples of the new theories, methodologies and algorithms in these areas. As such book a valuable reference for researchers, engineers, and university students.

The book focuses on a global issue-municipal solid waste management (MSWM) and presents the most effective solutions based on energy recovery processes. There is huge potential in employing different technologies and modern management methodology for recovering energy from various waste streams to establish a sustainable and circular economy. In several countries, energy recovery from municipal solid wastes (MSW) is seen as a way of reducing the negative impact of waste on the environment and also reducing the burden on land resources. The book primarily focuses on highlighting the latest insights into energy recovery from various waste streams in different countries, with a particular emphasis on India. Further, it paves the way for sustainability in the energy sector as a whole by addressing waste management issues and simultaneous energy recovery. The chapters present high-quality research papers selected and presented in the conference, IconSWM 2018.

This book analyzes new electricity pricing models that consider uncertainties in the power market due to the changing behavior of market players and the implementation of renewable distributed generation and responsive loads. In-depth chapters examine the different types of market players including the generation, transmission, and distribution companies, virtual power plants, demand response aggregators, and energy hubs and microgrids. Expert authors propose optimal operational models for short-term performance and scheduling and present readers with solutions for pricing challenges in uncertain environments. This book is useful for engineers, researchers and students involved in integrating demand response programs into smart grids and for electricity market operation and planning. Proposes optimal operation models; Discusses the various players in today's electricity markets; Describes the effects of demand response programs in smart grids.

This volume includes selected contributions presented during the 2nd edition of the international conference on WaterEnergyNEXUS which was held in Salerno, Italy in November 2018. This conference was organized by the Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED) of the University of Salerno (Italy) in cooperation with Advanced Institute of Water Industry at Kyungpook National University (Korea) and with The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI (India). The initiative received the patronage of UNESCO - World Water Association Programme (WWAP) and of the International Water Association (IWA) and was organized with the support of Springer (MENA Publishing Program), Arab Water Council (AWC), Korean Society of Environmental Engineering (KSEE) and Italian Society of Sanitary Environmental Engineering Professors (GITISA). With the support of international experts invited as plenary and keynote speakers, the conference aimed to give a platform for Euro-Mediterranean countries to share and discuss key topics on such water-energy issues through the presentation of nature-based solutions, advanced technologies and best practices for a more sustainable environment. This volume gives a general and brief overview on current research focusing on emerging Water-Energy-Nexus issues and challenges and its potential applications to a variety of environmental problems that are impacting the Euro-Mediterranean zone and surrounding regions. A selection of novel and alternative solutions applied worldwide are included. The volume contains over about one hundred carefully refereed contributions from 44 countries worldwide selected for the conference. Topics covered include (1) Nexus framework and governance, (2) Environmental solutions for the sustainable development of the water sector, (3) future clean energy technologies and systems under water constraints, (4) environmental engineering and management, (5) Implementation and best practices Intended for researchers in environmental engineering, environmental science, chemistry, and civil engineering. This volume is also an invaluable guide for industry professionals working in both water and energy sectors.

This book provides a comprehensive account of the electricity industry in China, the world's largest power producer and carbon emitter. The authors describe the historical development of China's energy sector and study the structure and economics of the industry. Furthermore, the book studies the impact of China's substantial demand for coal, oil and natural gas on world energy markets and discusses future trends and reforms, such as the introduction of renewable energy sources. This book will appeal to anyone interested to broaden their knowledge on the past, present and future of Chinese electricity industry.

This book highlights recent advances in the identification, prediction and exploitation of demand side (DS) flexibility and investigates new methods of predicting DS flexibility at various different power system (PS) levels. Renewable energy sources (RES) are characterized by volatile, partially unpredictable and mostly non-dispatchable generation. The main challenge in terms of integrating RES into power systems is their intermittency, which negatively affects the power balance. Addressing this challenge requires an increase in the available PS flexibility, which in turn requires accurate estimation of the available flexibility on the DS and aggregation solutions at the system level. This book discusses these issues and presents solutions for effectively tackling them.

This Element focuses on Latin American fossil fuel producer countries and how they are dealing with the transition towards a greener energy matrix. The challenges involved are multiple and ethical in substance. In particular, a worldwide expansion in clean energies would reduce climate change, physical risks. A rapid transition, however, induces the irruption of a new (financial) risk. The energy transition, in addition, could be thought of as a new arena for political disputes. Finally, it evaluates the relevance of monetary policy and financial regulation to tackle the issue from a macro perspective. Energy transition, however, have also long-term but uncertain consequences on the national economy. Henceforth, and in order to minimize risks, a long-term, strategic vision of the challenge confronted by the region becomes mandatory. To tackle all these problems, this Element profits from contributions of different disciplines.

An insiders' guide to everything interested readers need to know about the ongoing consolidation of the utilities industry. Roll-Up delves into the rich history of utilities consolidation-from the original, highly fragmented US industry structure, through the development of industry views on consolidation and participation, to the drivers and events occurring in the cycles of the modern era. Roll-Up also explores the changing motivations for combinations, the hands-on perspectives of successful transactions, and gives a glimpse into what could happen next for utility mergers and acquisitions. Expert utilities consultant Tom Flaherty interviewed twelve current or former chief executive officers, investment bankers, attorneys, and ratings analysts who provided introspection and commentary on their experiences with consolidation in the modern era from 1995-2020. These notable individuals made the tough decisions about whether to pursue a transaction, and they provided constant advice to management, crafted merger agreements, and evaluated the logic of transactions and the potential for successful outcomes. From deal execution to the current nature of business simplification and portfolio rationalization, Roll-Up covers the past and present of utilities consolidation and looks over the horizon at how future transactions might evolve beyond those seen today.

This book discusses the role of energy in agriculture which reaches 30%, and the role of agriculture in energy where the water shred by 17% in total electricity generation in addition to the role of bioenergy as a source of liquid energy. Climate change and global heating will increase the temperature and that will affect plant growth, water availability and the share of electricity in agriculture and other energy phases in agriculture. Global heating means more water pumping, more uses of fertilizers and pesticides in which intensive power consumption in addition to need of more electricity for air-condition inside the greenhouses, the manufacturing of hormone and plant growth organizers will also consume more energy. Finally, the book explains why the water, energy and food become one nexus and the interaction and interference between them. This book will have valuable information for both students and faculties of engineering and agriculture in addition to research centers, water institutions and climate change specialists.

The Red Star and the Crescent provides an in-depth and multi-disciplinary analysis of the evolving relationship between China and the Middle East. Despite its increasing importance, very few studies have examined this dynamic, deepening, and multi-faceted nexus. James Reardon-Anderson has sought to fill this critical gap.The volume examines the 'big picture' of international relations, then zooms in on case studies and probes the underlying domestic factors on each side. Reardon-Anderson tackles topics as diverse as China's security strategy in the Middle East, its military relations with the states of the region, its role in the Iran nuclear negotiations, the Uyghur question, and the significance and consequences of the Silk Road strategy. A comprehensive study of the changing forces driving one of the world's most important strategic, economic and cultural relationships.

This publication has been produced as part of the IAEA's Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments (MODARIA) programme. It summarizes the activities of Working Group 7, which was one of ten working groups within MODARIA, and focused on the harmonization and intercomparison of models for the accidental release of tritium to the atmosphere. It addresses the modelling of tritium into the atmosphere and the subsequent terrestrial processes that determine the dynamic transfer of tritium in the environment. The first half of the report contains a literature review regarding state-of-the-art modelling of tritium in the terrestrial environment. The second half summarizes the results of an intercomparison exercise undertaken using four models to inform the direction of future research.

The response of a nuclear installation's structure during an earthquake depends on the characteristics of the ground motion, the surrounding soil and the structure itself. Soil– structure interaction (SSI) analysis is used to evaluate the effects of seismic ground motion on an installation's structure, system and components, to ensure it is designed to withstand the effects of earthquakes, without loss of safety functions. This publication presents SSI phenomena and current practices in SSI modelling, simulation methodology and analysis methods for the design and assessment of nuclear installations. It complements IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG-67, Seismic Design for Nuclear Installations, and No. NS-G-2.13, Evaluation of Seismic Safety for Existing Nuclear Installations.

Technology roadmaps have proven to be a useful management tool for evaluating, planning and strategizing the development of complex technological projects. This publication is intended to provide Member States with a set of generic roadmaps which can be used in the deployment of small modular reactors. These roadmaps are based on the latest inputs from Member States currently pursuing this technology. The publication places emphasis on the activities of owners/operators who drive the demand and requirements for the reactor designs, the designers who develop the technologies, and the regulators who establish and maintain the regulatory requirements that owners/operators should meet. It also provides a methodology for developing a technology roadmap for reactors with longer development horizons and discusses emerging opportunities and challenges for this relatively new technology.