Intended for development planners and administrators, energy planners, environmentalists, foresters and conservationists, this book provides a survey of the current, and likely future extent of, biomass energy shortages in Sri Lanka and seeks to identify the most appropriate means by which these might be addressed. Biomass accounts for roughly two-thirds of Sri Lanka's primary energy consumption, and long-term supply capability is being undermined by a fast and accelerating rate of deforestation. The book draws out the lessons to be learned in other parts of the world from Sri Lanka's experience.

This book examines the production potential of biofuels in the world. World biofuels production was assessed over the 2010 to 2030 timeframe using scenarios covering a range of U.S. policies (tax credits, tariffs, and regulations) as well as oil prices, feedstock availability, and a global CO2 price.

This book summarises what is currently known about effects of climate change on energy production and use in the United States. It focuses on three questions: 1)How might climate change affect energy consumption in the U.S. 2) How might climate change affect energy production and supply in the U.S. and 3) How might climate change have other effects that indirectly shape energy production and consumption in the U.S. Generally, it is important to be careful about answering these questions for two reasons. One reason is that the available research literature on many of the key issues are limited, supporting a discussion of issues but not definite conclusions about answers. A second reason is that, as with many other categories of climate change effects in the U.S., the effects depend on more than climate change alone, such as patterns of economic growth and land use, patterns of population growth and distribution, technological change, and social and cultural trends that could shape policies and actions, individually and institutionally. This book concludes that, based on what we know now, there are reasons to pay close attention to possible climate change impacts on energy production and use and to consider ways to adapt to possible adverse impacts and take advantage of possible positive impacts.

This book identifies possible employment impacts that could result from hydrogen market expansion in the transportation, stationary and portable power sectors. Any study of potential future impacts presents difficult challenges and involves significant uncertainties. This study estimates the employment impacts of a transformation of the U.S. economy to the use of hydrogen between 2020 and 2050. This time frame was selected because the ongoing efforts to develop hydrogen based transportation and stationary technologies indicate that broad-based commercial and industrial use of and the first significant employment impacts from those technologies are most likely to emerge within the indicated time frame. This book highlights possible skill and educational needs to support the associated industries and technologies. In addition to the specific skill requirements of the fuel cell industry, future education of the next generation are discussed, focusing on skill sets that have the ability to adapt to changing technologies.

Energy Growth Nexus in an era of Globalization reviews current research and practical policy considerations reflective of the ongoing transformation, covering four broad globalization themes from existing research literature: energy consumption, renewable energy consumption, financial markets and energy markets. Within these themes, contributors evaluate transformations in the energy-growth association relating to economic slowdowns, trade patterns, impacts of globalization, cross-border technological spillovers, changes in the risk profile of the countries, advent of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), changes in the pattern of cross-border labor force migration, and rising environmental awareness, among many other considerations. Policymakers, energy economists, and energy researchers in a range of connected disciplines will find this to be a great resource on the energy growth sector.

Energy plays a vital role in economic and social development. The analysis of energy issues and policy options is therefore a vital area of study. This book presents a hierarchical modelling scheme intended to support energy planning and policy analysis in developing countries. The authors introduce the concept of 'Integrated National energy Planning' (INEP), and examine the spreadsheet models, optimization models, and linear planning models which energy planners use. Environmental considerations are also introduced into the analysis. Techniques are then applied to two important energy subsectors, electricity and fuelwood, before problems of integration and policy implementation are discussed. Throughout the book, the authors examine actual practice in developing countries. Illustrative case material is drawn from Egypt, West Africa, Sudan, Pakistan, Colombia, India, Sri Lanka and Morocco. This book will be of interest to students and practitioners of energy planning, and to those concerned with the wider development implications of energy policy.

This book covers the new Strategic intent of nations to secure energy resources for themselves. This concept implies how nations judicially optimize the basket of energy resources and their secure supplies for a foreseeable future so that the wheels of their economy keep on running smoothly. This looks into various international treaties, secure reserves and development of strategic reserves.

Understanding the history of energy and its evolving place of energy in society is essential to face the changing future of energy production. Across North and South America, national and localized understandings of energy as a common, public, or market good have influenced the development of energy industries. Energy in the Americas brings the diverse energy histories of North and South American nations into dialogue with one another, presenting an integrated hemispheric framework for understanding the historical constructions of contemporary debates on the role of energy in society. Rejecting pat truisms, this collection historicizes the experiences of producers and policymakers and assesses the interplay between environmental, technological, political, and ideological influences within and between countries and continents. Breaking down assumptions about the evolution of national energy histories, Energy in the Americas broadens and opens the conversation. De-emphasizing traditional focus on national peculiarities, it favours an international, integrated approach that brings together the work of established and emerging scholars. This is an essential step in understanding the circumstances that have created current energy policy and practice, and the historical narratives that underpin how energy production is conceptualized and understood.

This book covers the entire gamut of trading of energy which is comparatively a new phenomenon. Today across economy and globe, energy is become a tradable resource. This book covers in great detail the trading processes of oil and gas, power, and emissions (under Clean Development Mechanism). It also provides insights into the key concepts of risk management. The widely prevalent trade flows among various regions and economies are also presented in this book.

This 1989 book provides a nontechnical analysis of present and future energy resources and their potential development to meet future demand. The prevailing impression in popular discussion of future energy supply is that a crisis will occur, sooner or later, owing to the exhaustion of present resources. This informative and thought-provoking book demonstrates that sufficient resources are available to meet all energy needs for the foreseeable future. However, this does not remove the threat of an energy-supply crisis. What is lacking - the missing resource - is the knowledge of how to use these resources in a practical and environmentally acceptable manner. The author argues that long-term technical development will be necessary to ensure future energy sufficiency and that international cooperation on technical research, environmental impact, and energy use is needed now to prevent a succession of energy crises in the future. All those involved with energy in a technical, business, or governmental policy capacity will find book essential and rewarding reading.

This 1989 book provides a nontechnical analysis of present and future energy resources and their potential development to meet future demand. The prevailing impression in popular discussion of future energy supply is that a crisis will occur, sooner or later, owing to the exhaustion of present resources. This informative and thought-provoking book demonstrates that sufficient resources are available to meet all energy needs for the foreseeable future. However, this does not remove the threat of an energy-supply crisis. What is lacking - the missing resource - is the knowledge of how to use these resources in a practical and environmentally acceptable manner. The author argues that long-term technical development will be necessary to ensure future energy sufficiency and that international cooperation on technical research, environmental impact, and energy use is needed now to prevent a succession of energy crises in the future. All those involved with energy in a technical, business, or governmental policy capacity will find book essential and rewarding reading.

This ""how to"" book covers the various mechanics of natural gas trading, including the physical (cash) market for natural gas production, transportation, distribution, and consumption. It has been 23 years since Trading Natural Gas: A Nontechnical Guide was released, and many things have changed: electronic trading, power market deregulation, fracking and the shale revolution, pipelines reversing flow patterns, and LNG exports from the United States. In this second edition, the author addresses these changes, beginning with a deeper dive into the natural gas market fundamentals of supply, demand, storage, and transportation, maintaining a focus on the relationship to market pricing. Following discussion of the mechanics of trading physical natural gas, the heart of the text remains a study of financial derivative products specific to natural gas trading, presented through definitions and trading examples. Many of these products and concepts are still current and have been refreshed and kept intact. New material on the role of natural gas in the power market as it relates to fuel- switching and economic dispatch, as well as a survey of the global LNG market and US exports, is included in this second edition to bring in two of the biggest factors influencing prices in today's market. Additional statistics, tables, graphs and suggested spreadsheet templates have been provided throughout the book to help visualize many of the discussions on data. Features and Benefits Supply / Demand Fundamentals Market overviews (financial and physical) Contracts Derivatives Technical Analysis Risk Controls Audience Field level personnel Management Energy lending and finance professionals Anyone who seeks to understand how, or relies upon, energy markets Students

An energy revolution is under way with far-reaching consequences for nations, companies, and the way we address climate change Low oil prices are sending shockwaves through the global economy, and longtime industry observer Dieter Helm explains how this and other shifts are the harbingers of a coming energy revolution and how the fossil fuel age will come to an end. Surveying recent surges in technological innovations, Helm's provocative new book documents how the global move toward the internet-of-things will inexorably reduce the demand for oil, gas, and renewables-and prove more effective than current efforts to avert climate change. Oil companies and energy utilities must begin to adapt their existing business models or face future irrelevancy. Oil-exporting nations, particularly in the Middle East, will be negatively impacted, whereas the United States and European countries that are investing in new technologies may find themselves leaders in the geopolitical game. Timely and controversial, this book concludes by offering advice on what governments and businesses can and should do now to prepare for a radically different energy future.

Resource depletion and population pressures are about to catch up with us, and no one is prepared. Oil is running out and, if the Western world continues with its current policies, the next decades will likely be marked by war, economic collapse, and environmental catastrophe. The political elites, especially in the US, have shown themselves to be unwilling to deal with the situation, and have in mind a punishing game of 'Last One Standing'. There are alternatives. A 'Powerdown' strategy, for example, would aim to reduce per-capita resource usage in wealthy countries, develop alternative energy sources, distribute resources more equitably, and reduce the human population humanely but systematically over time. It could save us, but will require tremendous effort and economic sacrifice."Powerdown" speaks frankly to these dilemmas. Avoiding cynicism and despair, it begins with an overview of the likely impacts of oil and natural gas depletion and then outlines four options for industrial societies during the next decades: Last One Standing: the path of competition for remaining resources; Powerdown: the path of cooperation, conservation, and sharing; Waiting for a Magic Elixir: wishful thinking, false hopes, and denial; and, Building Lifeboats: the path of community solidarity and preservation. Finally, the book explores how three important groups within global society - the power elites, the organized opposition to the elites (the 'activist' movements), and ordinary people - are likely to respond to these four options. Timely, accessible and eloquent, "Powerdown" is clarion call to urgent action.

'Sea State marks the arrival of a gifted and exciting new voice' Jon McGregor, author of Reservoir 13 SHORTLISTED FOR THE GORDON BURN PRIZE SHORTLISTED FOR THE PORTICO PRIZE A GUARDIAN BEST BOOK OF 2021 A candid examination of the life of North Sea oil riggers, and an explosive portrayal of masculinity, loneliness and female desire. In her mid-30s and sprung out of a terrible relationship, Tabitha quit her job at a women's magazine, left London and put her savings into a six-month lease on a flat in a dodgy neighbourhood in Aberdeen - she was going to make good on a long-deferred idea for a book about oil rigs and the men who work on them. Why oil rigs? "I wanted to see what men were like, with no women around." Sea State is, on the one hand, a portrait of an overlooked industry, and a fascinating subculture in its own right: 'offshore' is a way of life for generations of British workers, primarily working class men. Offshore is also a potent metaphor for a lot of things we might rather keep at bay - class, masculinity, the North-South divide, the transactional nature of desire, the terrible slipperiness of the ladder that could lead us towards (or away from) real security, just out of reach. And Sea State is, too, the story of a journalist whose distance from her subject becomes perilously thin. In Aberdeen, when she's not researching the book, Tabitha takes pills and dances with a forgotten kind of abandon - reliving her Merseyside youth, when the music was good and the boys were bad. Twenty years on, there is Caden: a married rig worker who spends three weeks on and three weeks off. Alone and increasingly precarious, she dives in deep. The relationship, reckless and explosive, lays them both bare.

Sustainable development and global climate change have figured prominently in scientific analysis and international policymaking since the early 1990s. This book formulates technology strategies that will lead to environmentally sustainable energy systems, based on an analysis of global climate change issues using the concept of sustainable development. The authors focus on environmentally compatible, long-term technology developments within the global energy system, while also considering aspects of economic and social sustainability. The authors analyze a large number of alternative scenarios and illustrate the differences between those that meet the criteria for sustainable development and those that do not. As a result of their analysis, they identify a variety of promising socio-economic and environmental development paths that are consistent with sustainable development. One sustainable-development scenario and its policy implications are then presented in detail from a technology change perspective. The authors propose ambitious targets for technology adoption that are judged to achieve the desired socio-economic and environmental goals. Although the optimal policy mix to pursue these targets is clearly country-specific, the authors suggest that energy-related R&D that leads to technology performance improvements and the promotion of technology adoption in niche markets are the policy options which will yield the most significant long-term benefits. Policymakers, economists and researchers working on sustainability, energy economics, and technology change and innovation will welcome this topical and highly readable book.

This windpump design was adapted from a series of low-lift windmills developed in Ethiopia. A very successful windpump which when scientifically tested pumped nearly twice as much water as the original design. Contains constructional details and plans.

The electricity industry is a key utility and which impacts nearly every facet of life. One major question is how best to provide and oversee the production of energy -- are free markets the answer or should the government assume the task of keeping its citizens' needs supplied? The level of electricity regulation has particular resonance in America, as witnessed by the recent catastrophe in California and the collapse of energy giant Enron. Policymakers have to balance the American tradition of capitalism with the concerns of those who view the energy industry as damaging to the environment and focused more on profits than people. Collected here is a set of papers introducing the issues influencing electric policy along with a an extensive bibliography of the book and journal literature on the subject, making this book an important resource for understanding the problems of electricity restructuring.

In this book, the latest volume in the annual series published in association with the London Business School and the Institute of Economic Affairs, some of the main issues in UK and EU utility regulation and competition policy are discussed. Topics examined include the new electricity and gas trading markets, regulating the railways, introducing competition into water, telecoms and Ofcom, opening EU gas and electricity markets, the 1998 Competition Act, EU merger policy and a general review of privatisation and regulation in Britain. Essays by expert commentators are followed in each case by comments from the relevant regulator. Contents: Introduction - Colin Robinson 1. The New Electricity Trading Arrangements in England and Wales: A Review - David Currie, Chairman's Comments - Callum McCarthy 2. A Critique of Rail Regulation - Dieter Helm, Chairman's Comments - Tom Winsor 3. Moving to a Competitive Market in Water - Colin Robinson, Chairman's Comments - Sir Ian Byatt 4. The New Gas Trading Arrangements - George Yarrow, Chairman's Comments - Eileen Marshall 5. A Review of Privatisation and Regulation Experience in Britain - Irwin M. Stelzer, Chairman's Comments - Stephen Littlechild 6. Converging Communications: Implications for Regulation - Mark Armstrong, Chairman's Comments - David Edmonds 7. Opening European Electricity and Gas Markets - Graham Shuttleworth, Chairman's Comments - Clare Spottiswoode 8. Concurrency or Convergence? Competition and Regulation Under the Competition Act 1998 - Tom Sharpe QC, Chairman's Comments - Geoffrey Horton 9. Ten Years of European Merger Control - Paul Seabright, Chairman's Comments - Derek Morris

The George W Bush Administration has blasted into the White House proclaiming a national energy crisis which no one except Mr Bush and Mr Cheney, both former energy company executives, can detect. California's blackouts seem more the result of profiteering by energy companies and their fellow travellers in the California legislature than of a national problem. Yet the White House sees a crisis which either does not exist or they are inventing one to pump up the already substantial revenues of their past, present and probably future buddies in the energy business. The book presents analyses which substantiate the fact that energy policies have been around for sometime and perhaps deserve a more serious response than ham-handed profit taking.

The rapid emergence of China as a major industrial power poses a complex challenge for global resource markets. Backed by the Chinese government, Chinese companies have been acquiring equity stakes in natural resource companies, extending loans to mining and petroleum investors, and writing long-term procurement contracts for oil and minerals. These activities have aroused concern that China might be "locking up" natural resource supplies, gaining "preferential access" to available output, and extending "control" over the world's extractive industries. On the demand side, Chinese appetite for vast amounts of energy and minerals puts tremendous strain on the international supply system. On the supply side, Chinese efforts to procure raw materials can either exacerbate or help solve the problems of high demand.Evidence from the 16 largest Chinese natural resource procurement arrangements shows that Chinese efforts-like Japanese deployments of capital and purchase agreements in the late 1970s through the 1980s-fall predominantly into categories that help expand, diversify, and make more competitive the global supplier system. Investigation of smaller projects indicates the 16 largest do not suffer from selection bias. However, Chinese attempts to exercise control over mining of rare earth elements may constitute a significant exception. The investigative focus of this analysis is deliberately narrow and precise, assessing the impact of Chinese resource procurement on the structure of the global supply base. The broader policy discussion in the concluding chapter raises other separate important issues, including the impact of Chinese resource procurement on rogue states, on authoritarian leadership, on civil wars, on corrupt payments and the deterioration of governance standards, and on environmental damage. Such effects may make patterns of Chinese resource procurement objectionable, on grounds quite apart from the debate about possible "control" of access on the part of China and Chinese companies.

Industry leader, Carol Dahl has thoroughly revised and updated her classic text International Energy Markets: Understanding Pricing, Policies, and Profits. The second edition uses updated examples, statistics and models to explore energy policy, economics, institutions, and production in a global context. It will be of interest to anyone who wants to learn more about the global energy industry, and is a perfect classroom resource. With this book you will: * Learn the fundamentals needed to make sound economic, business, and government policy decisions relating to energy industries. * Gain a better understanding of energy markets through economics, mathematical optimization, simulation, and forecasting. * Obtain historical, institutional, engineering and technical knowledge of energy production, transportation, and transformation. * Explore models for understanding and managing energy resources in a global environment. * Understand the basics of energy generation.

Africa's rapid population growth and urbanisation has made its socioeconomic development a global priority. But as China ramps up its assistance in bridging Africa's basic infrastructure gap to the detriment of institutions building, warnings of a debt trap have followed. Building upon an extensive body of evidence, the editors argue that developing institutions and infrastructure are two equally desirable but organisationally incompatible objectives. In conceptualising this duality by design, a new theoretical framework proposes better understanding of the differing approaches to development espoused by traditional agencies, such as the World Bank, and emergent Chinese agencies. This new framing moves the debate away from the fruitless search for a 'superior' form of organising, and instead suggests looking for complementarities in competing forms of organising for development. For students and researchers in international business, strategic and public management, and complex systems, as well as practitioners in international development and business in emergent markets.

Tourism has become one of the most powerful forces organizing the predatory geographies of late capitalism. It creates entangled futures of exploitation and dependence, extracting resources and labor, and eclipsing other ways of doing, living, and imagining life. And yet, tourism also creates jobs, encourages infrastructure development, and in many places inspires the only possibility of hope and well-being. Stuck with Tourism explores the ambivalent nature of tourism by drawing on ethnographic evidence from the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula, a region voraciously transformed by tourism development over the past forty years. Contrasting labor and lived experiences at the beach resorts of Cancun, protected natural enclaves along the Gulf coast, historical buildings of the colonial past, and maquilas for souvenir production in the Maya heartland, this book explores the moral, political, ecological, and everyday dilemmas that emerge when, as Yucatan's inhabitants put it, people get stuck in tourism's grip.