The 4th International Workshop on Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality, MIAR 2008, was held at the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan during August 1-2, 2008. The goal of MIAR 2008 was to bring together researchersin medical imaging and intervention to present state-of-the-art developments in this ever-growing research area. Rapid technical advances in medical imaging, including its gr- ing application in drug/gene therapy and invasive/interventional procedures, have attracted signi?cant interest in the close integration of research in the life sciences, medicine, physical sciences, and engineering. Current research is also motivated by the fact that medical imaging is moving increasingly from a p- marily diagnostic modality towards a therapeutic and interventional aid, driven by the streamlining of diagnostic and therapeutic processes for human diseases by means of imaging modalities and robotic-assisted surgery. The impact of MIAR on these ?elds increases each year, and the quality of submitted papers this yearwas veryimpressive. We received90 full submissions, which were subsequently reviewed by up to ?ve reviewers. Reviewer a?liations were carefully checked against author a?liations to avoid con?icts of interest, and the review process was run as a double-blind process. A special procedure was also devised for papers from the universities of the organizers, upholding a double-blind review process for these papers. The MIAR 2008 Program C- mittee ?nally accepted 44 full papers. For this workshop, we also included three papers from the invited speakers coveringregistration and segmentation, virtual reality, and perceptual docking for robotic control.

In the post-genomic era, a holistic understanding of biological systems and p- cesses,inalltheircomplexity,is criticalincomprehendingnature'schoreography of life. As a result, bioinformatics involving its two main disciplines, namely, the life sciences and the computational sciences, is fast becoming a very promising multidisciplinary research ?eld. With the ever-increasing application of lar- scalehigh-throughputtechnologies,suchasgeneorproteinmicroarraysandmass spectrometry methods, the enormous body of information is growing rapidly. Bioinformaticians are posed with a large number of di?cult problems to solve, arising not only due to the complexities in acquiring the molecular infor- tion but also due to the size and nature of the generated data sets and/or the limitations of the algorithms required for analyzing these data. Although the ?eld of bioinformatics is still in its embryonic stage, the recent advancements in computational and information-theoretic techniques are enabling us to c- ductvariousinsilicotestingandscreeningofmanylab-basedexperimentsbefore these are actually performed in vitro or in vivo. These in silico investigations are providing new insights for interpretation and establishing a new direction for a deeper understanding. Among the various advanced computational methods currently being applied to such studies, the pattern recognition techniques are mostly found to be at the core of the whole discovery process for apprehending the underlying biological knowledge. Thus, we can safely surmise that the - going bioinformatics revolution may, in future, inevitably play a major role in many aspects of medical practice and/or the discipline of life sciences.

During medical training there are certain parts of day-to-day tasks that are not taught at medical school nor in the traditional reference books. There are some skills that medical students are expected to learn by a ~osmosisa (TM) while on placement and under the guidance of junior doctors. These skills are never officially taught or examined in medical school. They are, however, a fundamental part of being a safe, good and efficient doctor. This book includes a ~golden rulesa (TM) or important points to remember and case examples, both of which are given as displayed extracts.

This book is designed to help the junior doctor unlock their potential and improve their performance, cutting the time it takes to achieve certain medical objectives. It is meant to fill in the gaps where the medical school and clinical guides stop. It gives the reader the information needed to organise themselves so that they can hit the ground running. It is not intended as a clinical survival guide, but more a friendly hand to allow the reader to get ahead in medicine and how to keep on track and develop a career path.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Data Integration in the Life Sciences, DILS 2007, held in Philadelphia, PA, USA in July 2007. It covers new architectures and experience on using systems, managing and designing scientific workflows, mapping and matching techniques, modeling of life science data, and annotation in data integration.

This volume (5116) of Springer's Lecture Notes in Computer Science contains the th proceedings of the 9 International Workshop on Digital Mammography (IWDM) which was held July 20 - 23, 2008 in Tucson, AZ in the USA. The IWDM meetings traditionally bring together a diverse set of researchers (physicists, mathematicians, computer scientists, engineers), clinicians (radiologists, surgeons) and representatives of industry, who are jointly committed to developing technologies to support clinicians in the early detection and subsequent patient management of breast cancer. The IWDM conference series was initiated at a 1993 meeting of the SPIE Medical Imaging Symposium in San Jose, CA, with subsequent meetings hosted every two years at sites around the world. Previous meetings were held in York, England; Chicago, IL USA; Nijmegen, Netherlands; Toronto, Canada; Bremen, Germany; Durham, NC USA and Manchester, UK. th The 9 IWDM meeting was attended by a very international group of participants, and during the two and one-half days of scientific sessions there were 70 oral presentations, 34 posters and 3 keynote addresses. The three keynote speakers discussed some of the "hot" topics in breast imaging today. Karen Lindfors spoke on "Dedicated Breast CT: Initial Clinical Experiences. " Elizabeth Rafferty asked the question is "Breast Tomosynthesis: Ready for Prime Time?" Finally, Martin Tornai discussed "3D Multi-Modality Molecular Breast Imaging.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Biomedical Simulation, ISBMS 2008, held in London, UK, in July 2008.

The 19 revised full papers and 7 poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in four different sections corresponding to key areas and techniques of this constantly expanding field: finite element modeling, mass spring and statistical shape modeling, motion and fluid modeling and implementation issues. An additional section covers the posters presented at the meeting.

Here are the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications, ADMA 2006, held in Xi'an, China, August 2006. The book presents 41 revised full papers and 74 revised short papers together with 4 invited papers. The papers are organized in topical sections on association rules, classification, clustering, novel algorithms, multimedia mining, sequential data mining and time series mining, web mining, biomedical mining, advanced applications, and more.

The European Society for Arti?cial Intelligence in Medicine (AIME) was - tablished in 1986 following a very successful workshop held in Pavia, Italy, the year before. The principal aims of AIME are to foster fundamental and applied research in the application of arti?cial intelligence (AI) techniques to medical care and medical research, and to provide a forum at biennial conferences for discussing any progress made. For this reason the main activity of the Society wastheorganizationofaseriesofbiennialconferences, heldinMarseilles, France (1987), London, UK (1989), Maastricht, The Netherlands (1991), Munich, G- many (1993), Pavia, Italy (1995), Grenoble, France (1997), Aalborg, Denmark (1999), Cascais, Portugal (2001), Protaras, Cyprus (2003), and Aberdeen, UK (2005). This volume contains the proceedings of AIME 2007, the 11th Conference on Arti?cial Intelligence in Medicine, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, July 7-11, 2007. The AIME 2007 goals were to present and consolidate the int- national state of the art of AI in biomedical research from the perspectives of methodology and application. The conference included invited lectures, a panel discussion, full and short papers, tutorials, workshops, and a doctoral cons- tium. In the conference announcement, authors were solicited to submit original contributions on the development of theory, systems, and applications of AI in medicine, including the exploitationof AI approachesto molecularmedicine and biomedical informatics. Authors of papers addressing theory were requested to describe the developmentorthe extensionof AI methods and to discuss the n- elty to the state of the a

In recent years, there has been an explosion of research focused on using technology in health care, including web- and mobile- health assessment and intervention tools, as well as smartphone sensors and smart environments for monitoring and promoting health behavior. This work has shown that technology-based therapeutic tools offer considerable promise for monitoring and responding to individuals' health behavior in real-time. They may also function as important "clinician-extenders" or stand-alone tools, may be cost-effective and may offer countless opportunities for tailoring behavioral monitoring and intervention delivery in a manner that is optimally responsive to each individual's profile and health behavior trajectory over time. Additionally, informational and communication technologies may be used in the context of decision support tools to help individuals better understand and access treatment. Technology may enable entirely new models of health care both within and outside of formal systems of care and thus offers the opportunity to revolutionize health care delivery. This edited book will define the state of scientific research related to the development, experimental evaluation, and effective dissemination of technology-based therapeutic tools targeting behavioral health. Behavioral Health Care and Technology will provide an overview of current evidence-based approaches to leverage technology to promote behavioral health, including management of substance use, mental health, diet/exercise, medication adherence, as well as chronic disease self-management. Additionally, the book will define the state of implementation research examining models for deploying technology-based behavioral health care systems and integrating them into various care settings to increase the quality and reach of evidence-based behavioral health care while reducing costs.

Practical Pathology Informatics introduces and demystifies a variety of topics in the broad discipline of pathology informatics with a focus on issues of particular relevance to the practicing anatomic pathologist. Early chapters contain basic information about computers and databases which is applicable to any discipline, with the later chapters containing more anatomic pathology specific topics. Chapters can be read in any order and are divided into short sections. Organized in an easy-to-read format, the book is aimed at providing pathologists and pathology residents with the practical information they need to make intelligent, informed decisions about the deployment and use of information technology tools in their day-to-day practice, and ultimately, better position themselves for informed decision making and intelligent communication with the information systems groups at their institutions. John Sinard, MD, PhD is Associate Professor of Pathology in the Department of Pathology and Director, Pathology Informatics Program at Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut.

The European Society for Arti?cial Intelligence in Medicine (AIME) was est- lishedin1986withtwomaingoals:1)tofosterfundamentalandappliedresearch in the application of Arti?cial Intelligence (AI) techniques to medical care and medical research, and 2) to providea forum at biennial conferences for reporting signi?cant results achieved. Additionally, AIME assists medical industrialists to identify newAItechniqueswithhighpotentialforintegrationintonewproducts. Amajoractivityofthissocietyhasbeenaseriesofinternationalconferencesheld biennially over the last 18 years: Marseilles, France (1987), London, UK (1989), Maastricht, Netherlands (1991), Munich, Germany (1993), Pavia, Italy (1995), Grenoble, France (1997), Aalborg, Denmark (1999), Cascais, Portugal (2001), Protaras, Cyprus (2003). The AIME conference provides a unique opportunity to present and improve the international state of the art of AI in medicine from both a research and an applications perspective. For this purpose, the AIME conference includes invited lectures, contributed papers, system demonstrations, a doctoral cons- tium, tutorials, and workshops. The present volume contains the proceedings of AIME 2005, the 10th conference on Arti?cial Intelligence in Medicine, held in Aberdeen, Scotland, July 23-27, 2005. In the AIME 2005 conference announcement, we encouraged authors to s- mit original contributions to the development of theory, techniques, and - plications of AI in medicine, including the evaluation of health care programs. Theoretical papers were to include presentation or analysis of the properties of novelAImethodologiespotentiallyusefultosolvingmedicalproblems.Technical papers were to describe the novelty of the proposed approach, its assumptions, bene?ts, and limitations compared with other alternative techniques. Appli- tion papers were to present su?cient information to allow the evaluation of the practical bene?ts of the proposed system or methodology

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Bioinformatics, BSB 2005, held in Sao Leopoldo, Brazil in July 2005.

The 15 revised full papers and 10 revised extended abstracts presented together with 3 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. The papers address a broad range of current topics in computational biology and bioinformatics.

This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the 2nd Inter- tional Workshop on Active Mining (AM 2003) which was organized in conju- tion with the 14th International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems (ISMIS 2003), held in Maebashi City, Japan, 28-31 October, 2003. The workshop was organized by the Maebashi Institute of Technology in - operation with the Japanese Society for Arti?cial Intelligence. It was sponsored by the Maebashi Institute of Technology, the Maebashi Convention Bureau, the Maebashi City Government, the Gunma Prefecture Government, JSAI SIGKBS (Japanese Arti?cial Intelligence Society, Special Interest Group on Knowledge- Based Systems), a Grant-in-Aid for Scienti?c Research on Priority Areas (No. 759) "Implementation of Active Mining in the Era of Information Flood," US AFOSR/AOARD, the Web Intelligence Consortium (Japan), the Gunma Inf- mation Service Industry Association, and Ryomo Systems Co., Ltd. ISMIS is a conference series that was started in 1986 in Knoxville, Tennessee. SincethenithasbeenheldinCharlotte(NorthCarolina), Knoxville(Tennessee), Torin (Italy), Trondheim (Norway), Warsaw (Poland), Zakopane (Poland), and Lyon (France). The objective of this workshop was to gather researchers as well as prac- tioners who are working on various research ?elds of active mining, share ha- learned experiences, and shed light on the future development of active mining.

This book explores the benefits of deploying Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the health care environment. The authors study different research directions that are working to serve challenges faced in building strong healthcare infrastructure with respect to the pandemic crisis. The authors take note of obstacles faced in the rush to develop and alter technologies during the Covid crisis. They study what can be learned from them and what can be leveraged efficiently. The authors aim to show how healthcare providers can use technology to exploit advances in machine learning and deep learning in their own applications. Topics include remote patient monitoring, data analysis of human behavioral patterns, and machine learning for decision making in real-time.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Biomedical Simulation, ISBMS 2006, held in Zurich, Switzerland in July 2006. The 12 revised full papers and 11 poster papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 37 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on simulation of biophysical processes, systems and applications, and anatomical modeling and tissue properties.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Data Integration in the Life Sciences, DILS 2006, held in Hinxton, UK in July 2006. Presents 19 revised full papers and 4 revised short papers together with 2 keynote talks, addressing current issues in data integration from the life science point of view. The papers are organized in topical sections on data integration, text mining, systems, and workflow.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery in Life Science Literature, KDLL 2006, held in conjunction with the 10th Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (PAKDD 2006). The 12 revised full papers presented together with two invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers cover all topics of knowledge discovery in life science data.

The explosion in the number and size of life science data resources, and the rapid growth in the variety and volume of laboratory data has been fueled by world-wide research activity and the emergence of new technologies. The m- eling, management and analysis of this data often requires a comprehensive - tegration of heterogeneous and typically semistructured data, distributed across many possibly data sources. Recent interoperability standards such as XML and WSDL solve some (easy) problems, but data and process integration often - main time-consuming and error-pone manual tasks. The di?culty of these tasks is compounded by the high degree of semantic heterogeneity across data sources, varying data quality, and other domain-speci?c application requirements. DILS 2005 was the 2nd International Workshop on Data Integration in the Life Sciences, following a successful ?rst DILS workshop, March 2004 in Leipzig, Germany. For a specialized workshop, the DILS 2005 call for papers created a largeinterest(over50abstractsandeventually42papersubmissions;anincrease ofover20%overDILS2004), outofwhichtheinternationalProgramCommittee selected 15 full papers, as well as 5 short papers, and 8 posters/demonstrations, which are all included in this volume. They cover a wide spectrum of theoretical and practical issues including scienti?c/clinical work?ows, ontologies, tools and systems, and integration techniques. DILS 2005 also featured keynotes by Dr. PeterBuneman, ProfessorattheSchoolofInformatics, UniversityofEdinburgh, and Dr. Shankar Subramaniam, Professor at the Department of Bioengineering andChemistry, UCSanDiego.Theprogramalsoincluded6invitedpresentations and reports on ongoing research activities in academia and industry and a panel organized by the AMIA Geomics Working Gr

The Information Society is bringing about radical changes in the way people work and interact with each other and with information. In contrast to previous information processing paradigms, where the vast majority of computer-mediated tasks were business-oriented and executed by office workers using the personal computer in its various forms (i. e. , initially alphanumeric terminals and later on graphical user interfaces), the Information Society signifies a growth not only in the range and scope of the tasks, but also in the way in which they are carried out and experienced. To address the resulting dimensions of diversity, the notion of universal access is critically important. Universal access implies the accessibility and usability of Information Society technologies by anyone, anywhere, anytime. Universal access aims to enable equitable access and active participation of potentially all citizens in existing and emerging computer-mediated human activities by developing universally accessible and usable products and services, which are capable of accommodating individual user requirements in different contexts of use and independently of location, target machine, or run-time environment. In the context of the emerging Information Society, universal access becomes predominantly an issue of design, pointing to the compelling need for devising systematic and cost-effective approaches to designing systems that accommodate the requirements of the widest possible range of end-users. Recent developments have emphasized the need to consolidate progress by means of establishing a common vocabulary and a code of design practice, which addresses the specific challenges posed by universal access.

With the rapid increase in the variety and quantity of biomedical images in recent years, we see a steadily growing number of computer vision technologies applied to biomedical applications. The time is ripe for us to take a closer look at the accomplishments and experiences gained in this research subdomain, and to strategically plan the directions of our future research. The scientific goal of our workshop, "Computer Vision for Biomedical Image Applications: Current Techniques and Future Trends" (CVBIA), is to examine the diverse applications of computer vision to biomedical image applications, considering both current methods and promising new trends. An additional goal is to provide the opportunity for direct interactions between (1) prominent senior researchers and young scientists, including students, postdoctoral associates and junior faculty; (2) local researchers and international leaders in biomedical image analysis; and (3) computer scientists and medical practitioners. Our CVBIA workshop had two novel characteristics: each contributed paper was authored primarily by a young scientist, and the workshop attracted an unusually large number of well-respected invited speakers (and their papers). We had the good fortune of having Dr. Ayache of INRIA, France to talk about "Computational Anatomy and Computational Physiology," Prof. Grimson of MIT to discuss "Analyzing Anatomical Structures: Leveraging Multiple Sources of Knowledge," Dr. Jiang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to present their work on "Computational Neuroanatomy and Brain Connectivity," Prof.

The nineteenth biennial International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging (IPMI) was held July 11-15, 2005 in Glenwood Springs, CO, USA on the Spring Valley campus of the Colorado Mountain College. Following the successful meeting in beautiful Ambleside in England, this year's conference addressed important recent developments in a broad range of topics related to the acquisition, analysis and application of biomedical images. Interest in IPMI has been steadily growing over the last decade. This is p- tially due to the increased number of researchers entering the ?eld of medical imagingasaresultoftheWhitakerFoundationandtherecentlyformedNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. This year, there were 245 full manuscripts submitted to the conference which was twice the number s- mitted in 2003 and almost four times the number of submissions in 2001. Of these papers, 27 were accepted as oral presentations, and 36 excellent subm- sions that could not be accommodated as oral presentations were presented as posters. Selection of the papers for presentation was a di?cult task as we were unable to accommodate many of the excellent papers submitted this year. All accepted manuscripts were allocated 12 pages in these proceedings.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Medical Data Analysis, ISMDA 2003, held in Berlin, Germany in October 2003.

The 15 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on medical models and learning, integration of intelligent analysis methods into medical databases, medical signal processing and image analysis, and applications of medical diagnostic support systems.

The European Society for Arti?cial Intelligence in Medicine (AIME) was - tablished in 1986 with two main goals: 1) to foster fundamental and applied research in the application of Arti?cial Intelligence (AI) techniques to medical care and medical research, and 2) to provide a forum for reporting signi?cant results achieved at biennial conferences. Additionally, AIME assists medical - dustrials to identify new AI techniques with high potential for integration into new products. A major activity of this society has been a series of international conferences, fromMarseille(FR)in1987toCascais(PT)in2001, heldbiennially over the last 16 years. The AIME conference provides a unique opportunity to present and improve the international state of the art of AI in medicine from both a research and an applicationsperspective.Forthispurpose, theAIMEconferenceincludesinvited lectures, contributed papers, system demonstrations, tutorials and workshops. The present volume contains the proceedings of the AIME 2003 conference, the ninthconferenceonArti?cialIntelligenceinMedicineinEurope, heldinCyprus, October 18-22, 2003. In the AIME 2003 conference announcement, we encouraged authors to s- mit original contributions to the development of theory, techniques, and - plications of AI in medicine, including the evaluation of health care programs. Theoretical papers should include a prospective part about possible applications to medical problems solving. Technical papers should describe the novelty of the proposed approach, its assumptions and pros and cons compared to other alt- native techniques. Application papers should present su?cient information to allow the evaluation of the practical bene?ts of the proposed system or meth- ol

Organ regeneration, once unknown in adult mammals, is at the threshold of maturity as a clinical method for restoration of organ function in humans. Several laboratories around the world are engaged in the development of new tools such as stem cells and biologically active scaffolds. Others are taking fresh looks at well-known clinical problems of replacement of a large variety of organs: Bone, skin, the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, articular cartilage, the conjunctiva, heart valves and urologic organs. Still other investigators are working out the mechanistic pathways of regeneration and the theoretical implications of growing back organs in an adult. The time has come to present a collection of these efforts from leading practitioners in the field of organ regeneration.

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"Covers its subject well, provides useful context, and makes lively reading for anyone interested in the history of technology, the social context of electricity and radioactive materials, or the history of alernative medicine."--"Technology and Culture"

"Not only provides a richly detailed and suprising account of long-forgotten artifacts, but also fleshes out the longer history of some still-familiar attitudes toward health and vitality."
--"Journal of Social History"

"De la Pena's fascinating study melds social history with material culture and the history of science and technology to explain Americans' enthusiastic embrace of modern mechanization and emergent industrial culture."
--"CHOICE"

"In this engaging and well-written study Carolyn Thomas de la Pena offers a detailed cultural history of the medical-technological interface in the period 1850-1940, and in so doing tells us a great deal about how the body and its relation to modernity were conceived."
--"American Historical Review"

"Exellent. Carolyn de la Pena's superbly researched project examines how Americans in the period between 1870 and 1935 sought to supplement their physical energy through engagement with a variety of popular health technologies, including muscle-building machines: electrical invigorators, such as belts and collars: and radioactive elixirs."
--"American Quarterly"

"It's an irresistible account of fads and fascinating foibles, including electric belts and radioactive tonics."
--"Christian Science Monitor"

"Transforming archival research into sparkling prose, "The Body Electric" explains how Americans learned to usemachines to seek health, sexual rejuvenation, and physical transformation. This innovative book is both an entertaining history of fads and foibles and a groundbreaking cultural critique of the continuing obsession with achieving physical perfection."
--David E. Nye, author of "Electrifying America and America as Second Creation"

""The Body Electric" is the so-far missing puzzle piece in our nineteenth-twentieth century knowledge of the social history of the human body and technology a richly illustrated study showing two centuries of technologizing the human body against fears of weakness, enervation, sexual depletion."
--Cecelia Tichi, author of "Shifting Gears: Technology, Literature, Culture in Modernist America"

Between the years 1850 and 1950, Americans became the leading energy consumers on the planet, expending tremendous physical resources on energy exploration, mental resources on energy exploitation, and monetary resources on energy acquisition. A unique combination of pseudoscientific theories of health and the public's rudimentary understanding of energy created an age in which sources of industrial power seemed capable of curing the physical limitations and ill health that plagued Victorian bodies. Licensed and "quack" physicians alike promoted machines, electricity, and radium as invigorating cures, veritable "fountains of youth" that would infuse the body with energy and push out disease and death.

The Body Electric is the first book to place changing ideas about fitness and gender in dialogue with the popular culture of technology. Whether through wearing electric belts, drinking radium water, or lifting mechanized weights, many Americans came to believethat by embracing the nation's rapid march to industrialization, electrification, and "radiomania," their bodies would emerge fully powered. Only by uncovering this belief's passions and products, Thomas de la PeAa argues, can we fully understand our culture's twentieth-century energy enthusiasm.