The first comprehensive examination of the relationship between war and public health, this book documents the public health consequences of war and describes what health professionals can do to minimise these consequences. It explores the effects of war on health, human rights, and the environment. The health and environmental impact of both conventional weapons and weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons) is described in chapters that cover the consequences of their production, testing, maintenance, use, and disposal. Separate chapters cover especially vulnerable populations, such as women, children, and refugees. In-depth descriptions of specific military conflicts, including the Vietnam War, the Persian Gulf War, and wars in Central America provide striking illustrations of the issues covered in other chapters. A series of chapters explores the roles of health professionals and of organisations during war, and in preventing war and its consequences. This revised second edition includes seven new chapters, including one on landmines by the Nobel Prize-winning founding director of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines.

Over the past century, new farming methods, feed additives, and social and economic structures have radically transformed agriculture around the globe, often at the expense of human health. In Chickenizing Farms and Food, Ellen K. Silbergeld reveals the unsafe world of chickenization-big agriculture's top-down, contract-based factory farming system-and its negative consequences for workers, consumers, and the environment. Drawing on her deep knowledge of and experience in environmental engineering and toxicology, Silbergeld examines the complex history of the modern industrial food animal production industry and describes the widespread effects of Arthur Perdue's remarkable agricultural innovations, which were so important that the US Department of Agriculture uses the term chickenization to cover the transformation of all farm animal production. Silbergeld tells the real story of how antibiotics were first introduced into animal feeds in the 1940s, which has led to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant pathogens, such as MRSA. Along the way, she talks with poultry growers, farmers, and slaughterhouse workers on the front lines of exposure, moving from the Chesapeake Bay peninsula that gave birth to the modern livestock and poultry industry to North Carolina, Brazil, and China. Arguing that the agricultural industry is in desperate need of reform, the book searches through the fog of illusion that obscures most of what has happened to agriculture in the twentieth century and untangles the history of how laws, regulations, and policies have stripped government agencies of the power to protect workers and consumers alike from occupational and food-borne hazards. Chickenizing Farms and Food also explores the limits of some popular alternatives to industrial farming, including organic production, nonmeat diets, locavorism, and small-scale agriculture. Silbergeld's provocative but pragmatic call to action is tempered by real challenges: how can we ensure a safe and accessible food system that can feed everyone, including consumers in developing countries with new tastes for western diets, without hurting workers, sickening consumers, and undermining some of our most powerful medicines?

Bestselling author of the Wheat Belly franchise brings his next big, game changing idea - the human microbiome and the silent epidemic of SIBO - to the mainstream.

Dr Davis has connected the dots between ''gut health'' and many common, modern ailments and complaints. 1 in 3 people have SIBO (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth), which causes a long list of health issues and illnesses; it is a silent and profound epidemic created by the absence of microbial species that our ancestors had even 50-100 years ago, which have been erased by the industrialisation of food and medicine.

Super Gut shares a four-week plan to reprogram your microbiome based on research and techniques that not only gets to the root of many diseases but improves levels of oxytocin (the bonding/happy hormone), brain health and promotes anti-aging and weight loss. Dr Davis provides not just the science and case studies but also more than 40 recipes and solutions. In Super Gut, he ensures readers understand the science, diagnose their gut issues, eradicate them and maintain their long-term health.

Consumption was the deadliest, most common disease that mankind has faced up till now. Three billion people in Europe and North America died between the fourteenth and the end of the eighteenth century. It was a death sentence with no known cause which led to the development of unusual empirical therapies. Lucky Consumptive patients reached a Sanatorium. Sanatoria were developed to house sick patients in an environment where they stood the best chance of recovery from their illness. There was no organised healthcare system and funding for a Sanatorium depended upon provision provided by wealthy individuals, or societies. Charles Dunnell Rudd was a Cape Merchant who had made a fortune in South Africa successfully prospecting for Gold and Diamonds. His mother had died from Consumption and he wished to invest some of his money in building a Sanatorium. It had been shown that Consumptive patients survived longer if they took vigorous exercise, slept out of doors, and were nursed on higher land near to forests. Rudd anonymously purchased raised land at Northwood for this purpose. Helena (later Princess Christian) was Queen Victoria's third daughter, and had a marked social awareness, arranging charitable meals for the less fortunate. She was very hard working and became the Principal Patron for Mount Vernon Hospital, donating money and attending annual fundraising Festival Dinners. Contemporary photographs from this period show female patients walking around the grounds and occupying designated rest shelters. The male patients had a more vigorous lifestyle, working in the gardens and sleeping in their beds out of doors. Those surviving often acquired new skills which might enhance their future employment prospects. These measures greatly improved the prognosis for consumptive patients. After Koch discovered the Tubercle Bacillus effective curative anti-tuberculous therapy evolved.

Big ideas that just might save the world. the Guardian A serious book on an important subject. Without imagination, where are we? Sir Quentin Blake What if we took play seriously? What if we considered imagination vital to our health? What if we followed nature’s lead? What if school nurtured young imaginations? What if things turned out okay? Rob Hopkins asks the most important question that society has somehow forgotten – What If? Hopkins explores what we must do to revive and replenish our collective imagination. If we can rekindle that precious creative spark, whole societies and cultures can change – rapidly, dramatically and unexpectedly – for the better. There really is no end to what we might accomplish. From What Is to What If is the most inspiring, courageous and necessary book you will read this year; a call to action to reclaim and unleash the power of our imaginations and to solve the problems of our time. Meet the individuals and communities around the world who are doing it now – and creating brighter futures for us all.  At last, we have a design for our dreams. I believe we have a debt of honour to take action. Please read this book and defy the herd. Are we golden or are we debris? Mark Stewart, musician, The Pop Group and Mark Stewart & The Maffia

A collection of important essays on the health and well-being of African Americans in the southern United States. For African Americans in the southern United States, the social determinants of health are influenced by a unique history that encompasses hundreds of years of slavery, injustices during the Jim Crow era, the Great Migration, the civil rights era, and contemporary experiences like the Black Lives Matter movement. In Black Health in the South, editors Steven S. Coughlin, Lovoria B. Williams, and Tabia Henry Akintobi bring together essays on this important subject from top public health experts. Black activists, physicians, and communities continue to battle inequities and structural problems that include poverty, inadequate access to health care, incarceration, a lack of transportation, and food insecurity. As the result of redlining and other historical and contemporary injustices, African Americans are less likely to own a home or to have equity, which places them in danger of financial ruin if they experience an illness such as a heart attack, stroke, or cancer, for which they are often at greater risk due to many social and environmental factors. At the same time, African American communities display many strengths and are often very resilient against these structural inequities. The use of community coalitions is a valuable approach for addressing health disparities in African American communities, and improving the cultural competence of health care providers further reduces the effects of health disparities. With essays spanning topics from culturally appropriate health care to faith-based interventions and the role of research networks in addressing disparities, this collection is pivotal for understanding the health of African Americans in the South. Public health scholars have examined racial disparities in health in the United States broadly and in specific cities, but this is the first edited collection to focus on African Americans in the South both as a whole and as a distinct population.

A time-tested, landmark approach to health promotion and communication projects and everything that goes into making them successful. For more than 40 years, the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, developed in the early 1970s by Lawrence W. Green and first published as a text in 1980 with Marshall W. Kreuter, Sigrid G. Deeds, and Kay B. Partridge, has been effectively applied worldwide to address a broad range of health issues: risk factors like tobacco and lack of exercise, social determinants of health such as lack of access to transportation and safe housing, and major disease challenges like heart disease and guinea worm disease. In Health Program Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation, Green and his team of senior editors and chapter authors combine their expertise to offer a high-level guide to public health programming. This guide aligns with foundational public health competencies required by increasingly rigorous certification and accreditation standards. Driven by the coronavirus pandemic and a looming climate crisis, the book addresses the rapid changes in modern-day conceptions of disease prevention and health promotion. Today's public health practitioners and researchers are often called upon to address a complex web of factors, including population inequities, that influence health status, from biology to social and structural determinants. Program and policy solutions to population health challenges require systematic planning, implementation, and evaluation. Providing students with knowledge, skills, and a range of tools, the book recognizes new approaches to communication and fresh methods for reaching a greater diversity of communities. The authors highlight the importance of starting the population health planning process with an inclusive assessment of the social needs and quality-of-life concerns of the community. They explain how to assess health problems systematically in epidemiological terms and address the behavioral and environmental determinants of the most important and changeable health problems. They also cover procedures for assessing and developing the capacity of communities and organizations to implement and evaluate programs. Drawing on more than 1,200 published applications of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, Health Program Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation features numerous case studies and contributions from internationally recognized experts, including governmental, academic, and community public health leaders, giving readers a thorough and well-rounded view of the subject. Ultimately, it is an up-to-date powerhouse for community and global health promotion at all levels. Contributors: Faten Ben Abdelaziz, John P. Allegrante, Patricia Chalela, Cam Escoffery, Maria E. Fernandez, Jonathan E. Fielding, Robert S. Gold, Shelly Golden, Holly Hunt, Vanya C. Jones, Michelle C. Kegler, Gerjo Kok, Lloyd J. Kolbe, Chris Y. Lovato, Rodney Lyn, Guy Parcel, Janey C. Peterson, Nico Pronk, Amelie G. Ramirez, Paul Terry

Advances in Virus Research, Volume 115, the latest release in this comprehensive serial that highlights new advances in the field, includes updates on a variety of timely topics, including Plant viral nanotools, Mycoviruses, Rift Valley Fever virus entry and infection, and more.

In the 21st century, management accounting gains new dimensions, expanding its research area. Additionally, management of sustainable performance is one of the phenomena faced by the current business environment, and in particular management corporations. The focus of management on profitability remains the main objective of any company, but it must also take into account the sustainability of social, economic, and environmental aspects. Under these circumstances, managerial decisions must be adjusted and strongly substantiated considering the information required by internal and external stakeholders including financial reporting. The information requirements of customers and other stakeholders are steadily increasing, and some companies face certain problems in implementing the concept of sustainability and environmental reporting. Perspectives of Management Accounting for Sustainable Business Practices proposes an interdisciplinary perspective and explores various theoretical and practical approaches to management accounting and its impact in the 21st century on different areas of activity. It contrasts external financial accounting for government regulators and the investment community with internal management accounting for managers to leverage decision making. Covering topics such as corporate social responsibility, disclosure issues, and performance analysis, this premier reference source is an essential resource for business leaders and executives, accountants, financial controllers, business analysts, budgeting managers, students and faculty of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

Biocompatibility Protocols for Medical Devices and Materials provides comprehensive coverage of the basic science and toxicological testing protocols necessary for the risk assessment and safety of medical devices and materials which are based on ISO guidelines for body contact and duration of contact. Sections cover device/component selection for toxicological experiments and provide an introduction to topics such as sensitization, irritation tests, material-mediated pyrogenicity, and bacterial-mediated pyrogenicity. Toxicology-related chapters explain protocols around cytotoxicity, acute systemic toxicity, repeated-exposure systemic toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity. This practice guide provides step-by-step toxicological protocols, from materials selection to data interpretation for toxicologists, biomedical research and healthcare professionals, product developers, and others working in risk assessment and the safety of medical devices.

Viruses and Climate Change, Volume 114 in the Advances in Virus Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on carbon-cycle and vector-borne viruses. Chapters in this release cover Viruses in the carbon cycle and the impacts on climate change and Climate change and mosquito-borne virus transmission.

A timely and fascinating account of the raucous public demand for smallpox inoculation during the American Revolution and the origin of vaccination in the United States. The Revolutionary War broke out during a smallpox epidemic, and in response, General George Washington ordered the inoculation of the Continental Army. But Washington did not have to convince fearful colonists to protect themselves against smallpox-they were the ones demanding it. In The Contagion of Liberty, Andrew M. Wehrman describes a revolution within a revolution, where the violent insistence for freedom from disease ultimately helped American colonists achieve independence from Great Britain. Inoculation, a shocking procedure introduced to America by an enslaved African, became the most sought-after medical procedure of the eighteenth century. The difficulty lay in providing it to all Americans and not just the fortunate few. Across the colonies, poor Americans rioted for equal access to medicine, while cities and towns shut down for quarantines. In Marblehead, Massachusetts, sailors burned down an expensive private hospital just weeks after the Boston Tea Party. This thought-provoking history offers a new dimension to our understanding of both the American Revolution and the origins of public health in the United States. The miraculous discovery of vaccination in the early 1800s posed new challenges that upended the revolutionaries' dream of disease eradication, and Wehrman reveals that the quintessentially American rejection of universal health care systems has deeper roots than previously known. During a time when some of the loudest voices in the United States are those clamoring against efforts to vaccinate, this richly documented book will appeal to anyone interested in the history of medicine and politics, or who has questioned government action (or lack thereof) during a pandemic.

Proposes the pragmatic changes we must make to survive COVID and the worst of the new diseases on the horizon The Trump administration's neglect and incompetence helped put half-a-million Americans in the ground, dead from COVID-19. Joe Biden was elected president in part on the promise of setting us on a science-driven course correction, but, a little more than a year later, another half-a-million Americans were killed by the virus. What happened? In The Fault in Our SARS, evolutionary epidemiologist Rob Wallace catalogs the Biden administration's failures in controlling the outbreak. He also shows that, beyond matters of specific political persona or party, it was a decades-long structural decline associated with putting profits ahead of people that gutted U.S. public health. COVID-19 isn't just an American tragedy. Each in its own way, countries around the world following the "profit-first" model failed their people. Global vaccination campaigns were bottled up by efforts to protect pharmaceutical companies' intellectual property rights. Economies were treated as somehow more real than the people and ecologies upon which they depend. Frustrated populations pushed back against lockdowns, abuses of governmental trust, and, fair or not, the very concept of public health. A social rot meanwhile wended its way into the heart of the sciences that, tasked with controlling disease, serve the systems that helped bring about COVID-19 in the first place. In The Fault in Our SARS, Wallace and an array of invited contributors aim to strip down the capitalist social psychology that in effect protected the SARS virus. The team proposes instead new approaches in health and ecology that appeal both to humanity's highest ideals and the pragmatic changes we must make to survive COVID and the worst of the new diseases on the horizon.

It is generally well-established that the biomedical model is informed on the assumption that the occurrence of the disease is the result of biological molecules inside the body. This is seen in the view of the biopsychosocial model that the biomedical model is excluding the importance of psychological, social, economic, environmental, spiritual, and behavioral dimensions of the illness. It is essential to create better awareness to accelerate the use of the biopsychosocial model-focusing on the individual as a whole rather than the illness alone. Acceleration of the Biopsychosocial Model in Public Health accelerates the inclusion of the biopsychosocial model in the public health sector in order to achieve universal health coverage. It provides a better understanding of the role of various factors, such as psychological, social, emotional, economic, and behavioral, that are responsible for the development of diseases in order to develop comprehensive prevention and intervention measures. Covering topics such as psychological well-being, public health awareness, and system dynamics, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for public health officials, health therapists, health educators, health psychologists, occupational therapists, palliative care providers, community healthcare providers, hospital administrators, health professionals, medical students, medical libraries, researchers, and academicians.

Millions of patients travel abroad every year, and the number of trips around the world to benefit from health services is increasing. The high level of global demand for health services has influenced the rapid development of the tourism industry. Many destinations providing high-quality healthcare services at low prices have emerged. Due to these developments in the industry, the health tourism market, one of the fastest growing markets, has emerged. Countries operating in the industry are also striving to increase their market shares. Therefore, it is important to understand the dynamics of this global phenomenon. Global Perspectives on the Opportunities and Future Directions of Health Tourism provides new theoretical, practical, and strategic insights into the field of health tourism. It discusses in detail the health tourism industry and its importance for the global economy, countries, and destinations. Covering topics such as elderly consumers, historical development, and image and branding, this premier reference source is an essential resource for government officials, hospital administrators, policymakers, business managers and executives, students and educators of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

Advances in Virus Research, Volume 113 in this ongoing serial, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Sections cover RNA modifications in viruses and virus infected cells, RNA silencing suppression, Animal models of alphavirus infection, and Enterovirus entry and spread.