The aim of Volume 11 is to provide evidence on the indicators of fluid distribution and cellular integrity evaluated by nioelectrical impedance analysis in athletes of different performance levels and non-athletes. The second chapter presents a specific examination of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor among xenobiotic receptors, with a commentary on the preventive and therapeutic abilities of lignans against various diseases associated with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway, including cancers, teratogenesis, inflammatory bowel diseases, osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, leukemias and lymphomas. Additionally, the authors discuss scrub typhus, a bacterial disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi), and how it is recognized as an important cause of fever in Asia. The objective of the next section is to conduct a literature review to identify key risk factors that contribute to the risk of infection and transmission of disease in residential aged care and community care settings. The indications and complications of surgical management of Choanal atresia will be thoroughly illustrated in the followingchapter, mainly focusing on the role of the transnasal endoscopic approach. Recently, a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the creation of more effective drugs for prevention and management of obesity and obesity-related diseases. The penultimate chapter examines the peptide fraction derived from tissue of Antarctic hydrobiont and how it has beneficial effects on the diet induced obesity in rats through the influence on oxidative status, development of inflammation, and disorders of the serotonergic system, which are considered to be the key pathogenic mechanisms of obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. The focus of the final chapter is to describe the demographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics of S. maltophilia infections in pediatric patients during a two year period (2016 to 2018) in a tertiary-care hospital in southern Brazil.

The objective of the first chapter is to explain fertility preservation decisions as related to reproductive-aged cancer patients experiences and desires for future fertility. The second chapter discusses fertility preservation and how it can be used to help cancer patients retain their fertility. It is an emerging discipline that now plays a central role in the care of reproductive women with cancer. This chapter examines several key factors underlying why more men who have sex with other men are not using Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, including (1) lack of awareness of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, (2) lack of exposure to other Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis users, (3) general lack of interest in learning more about Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, (4) lack of willingness to avail themselves of existing information sources and resources to learn more about Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, (5) perceived stigma associated with the use of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, and (6) perceived obstacles needing to be overcome in order to give Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis adoption more serious consideration. The aims of this chapter is to describe some of these recent studies, showing the potential of the flavonoids anthocyanins, flavones, quercetin, hesperetin and naringenin in the control of adipocyte inflammation. The possible biochemical pathways will be presented, as well as the results observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Chapter five explains how plasma transthyretin measures the methionine role in metabolic processes that requires deregulating the transsulfuration pathway and methylating homocysteine. It measures nutritional wellbeing and the impact of metabolism on the outcomes of human disease in relationship to severe inflammatory disorders, chronic disease, and cancer. The final chapter examines chronic kidney disease and how it is a significant burden on the economy and healthcare system globally as the patients suffering from it requires long term renal replacement therapy in the form of dialysis or renal transplant.