The first edition of Comorbidities in Chronic Kidney Disease is focused on the main clinical syndromes associated with renal failure. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are characterized by a wide spectrum of comorbidities, potentially complicating patients clinical outcomes. In this volume, both editor and authors have planned a complete review of the main clinical syndromes associated with renal injury and failure. The first chapter is dedicated to epidemiological aspects of chronic kidney disease, and also introduces risk factors and associated comorbidities. Arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are actually accountable as major risk factors for developing renal disease, and the next chapter is mainly focused on the latest trials in this field. The following chapter is dedicated to pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in patients with declined renal function. The subsequent chapter is exhaustively focused on the clinical features of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the diseases complications on kidneys, bone, vessels and heart, from early laboratory findings to severe vascular and heart valvular calcifications. The section that succeeds reflects on secondary anemia and consequent cardiorenal anemia syndrome with particular attention on the latest treatment schedules. Coronary artery disease is also discussed, especially for those concerned with clinical features and laboratory diagnosis in chronic kidney disease patients with impaired clearance of coronary acute syndrome biomarkers. Cardiorenal syndrome and sudden cardiac death are well-established clinical aspects in CKD patients, and they are discussed both in terms of pathophsysiological and clinical features. The book finally ends with two sections on hepato-renal syndrome and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). CIN represents daily challenges for all nephrologists because due to the large amounts of instrumental diagnostic tests and an increasing number of chronic kidney disease patients involved. This volume could be appreciated both by nephrologists and all clinicians involved in chronic patients management due to schematic and practical editing and form.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health concern because it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. While therapies for AKI have improved in recent years, the prevalence of this condition is still high and continues to increase. Considering these clinical issues, the appropriate detection and management of risk factors related to AKI are important issues for clinicians managing AKI patients. This book discusses the forms of detection, predictors and long-term outcomes for acute kidney injuries.

Written by an interdisciplinary team of experts, this book contains historical information as well as current update on renal replacement therapy. New technology and techniques are presented in a concise, easy-to-read style that keeps the reader interested.

The contributors include physicians who practise uremia therapy since its conception to more recent graduates, along with surgeons, pioneers and physicians who are patients themselves, thus giving readers the broadest perspective.

The aim of the book is to update the reader on renal replacement therapy as of 2009. It is a textbook that can be read cover to cover and still serve as a fine reference guide. The book is targeted at anyone interested in kidney replacement therapy, from students and patients to the professorial level.

Chronic Renal Disease, Second Edition, comprehensively investigates the physiology, pathophysiology, treatment and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This translational reference takes an in-depth look at CKD with no coverage of dialysis or transplantation. Chapters are devoted to the scientific investigation of chronic kidney disease, the most common problems faced by nephrologists in the management of chronic kidney disease, specific illnesses in the CKD framework, and how the management of CKD in a polycystic kidney disease patient differs from other CKD patients. This award-winning reference features a series of case studies, covering both clinical aspects and pathophysiology. Questions are open ended, progressively more difficult, and repetitive across different patient clinical problems and different chapters. The cases and questions included will be useful for medical students, residency board reviews, and clinician teaching or conference preparation.

Kidney cancer is the 10th most common cancer in Europe with overall mortality rates increasing until the late 1980s and early 1990s and thereafter, stabilised. Until recently, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was thought to represent a monomorphic disease; however, modern genetic characterisation has demonstrated different subtypes with specific cell types and molecular metabolism. Imaging diagnostic methods are basic for staging and for new treatment strategies. Moreover, tumour biopsy has been reintroduced in the diagnostic armamentarium, mainly in patients with small masses but also when disseminated tumours need to be treated with new target therapies. Although TNM stage, Fuhrman grade and Eastern Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status are the most recognised prognostic factor in RCC, active research continues to determine new prognostic factors to classify different risks for death from RCC. Laparoscopy has gained widespread popularity because of a less morbidity and a faster post-operative convalescence. Partial laparoscopic nephrectomy is a demanding operation that can be made depending on the experience of the surgeon, the size or location of the tumour in the kidney. New robotic approaches are being introduced for nephron sparing surgery. Conversely, cardiac bypass can be necessary for resection of tumours with thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava above the level of hepatic veins. With the advent of modern ablative energies (cryotherapy or radiofrequency) for renal tumours in selected patients with percutaneous or laparoscopic techniques, it is now possible to achieve long cancer specific survival with decreased morbidity. A need for standardisation of follow-up after surgery with lifelong protocols has been recognised in last years. Finally, angiogenesis inhibitors have demonstrated a high probability of disease control in patients with metastatic renal carcinomas. Their indication as adjuvant in local advanced tumours as well as the role of nephrectomy in patients with metastatic disease is being evaluated in current clinical trials.

Nephrolithiasis is the third most common diagnosis involving the urinary tract, exceeded only by urinary tract infections and prostate conditions. Uric acid nephrolithiasis accounts for 5-10 % of all kidney stones in the general population in the United States (US) and is noted to be increasing in other parts of the world like Japan, previously known to have a low incidence of this condition. This increase is attributable, at least in part, to westernised eating habits. Other factors which influence development of kidney stones include age, sex and ethnicity. This book discusses in further details, the risk factors, treatment options and ways to prevent nephrolithiasis.

This multi-author book is an important contribution to the fields of nephrology and nephropathology, which is primarily focused on the discussion of the pathogenesis and pathology of nephrotic syndrome. A few primers are available on this subject, but those can be considered as reference works and not suitable for daily or bedside use. The present book has been written with a view to fill this void, at least partially. It is written by many practicing nephrologists and nephropathologists from different parts of the world, in particular, from developing countries. The book not only discusses the etiology and pathology of the disorder but also addresses the new developments and updates on the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome, which is the most common clinical manifestation of medical renal disorders in nephrological practice throughout the world. The book is handy and can be used in the office, classroom and by the patient bedside. It will prove very useful for the beginners in the field of nephrology and nephropathology. The book has been written in easy English, and is very well illustrated to enable easy comprehension and assimilation of the knowledge and information contained in it.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is defined as the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract. It is a common urological entity among children and it is usually diagnosed in the prenatal period or after episodes of febrile urinary tract infection. Reflux can also be found in post-pubertal patients, but it is less common in this population. Pyelonephritis is an upper urinary tract infection involving the kidneys with an incidence in the USA as high as 250.000 cases per year. Most episodes of pyelonephritis are generally considered to be uncomplicated in healthy non pregnant adults. Different risk factors have been identified, such as diabetes, urinary tract obstruction, presence of an indwelling urethral catheter, stent or nephrostomy, functional or anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract, renal transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy and pregnancy. This book discusses the causes, prevalence and treatment approaches of both VUR and pylonephritis.

Urolithiasis is one of the oldest documented medical ailments with archeological evidence showing that humans have suffered from kidney and bladder stones for centuries. Urolithiasis is a common multifactorial problem with multi-effect on the patients' quality of life and an economic burden on the individual and the health system of the country. Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors are associated with the risk for stone formation. Among intrinsic factors are race, sex, and genetics. Finding the cause of urolithiasis or establishing it early in life will reduce the consequence and complications of kidney stone disease and hence reduction of the cost in the treatment by establishing preventative measures in addition to patient education. Genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of urolithiasis as a polygenic (common) or monogenic (rare) forms, however its knowledge and early diagnosis is important for achieving the goals of reducing patient suffering as well as economic burdens that inevitably follow a diagnosis. This book discusses the symptoms, management and prevention strategies of urolithiasis.

Glomerulonephritis is a term referring to direct injury of the glomeruli with resulting disturbances of normal glomerular function, progressively leading to renal failure. Glomerular diseases are classified as primary, where glomerular damage is the prime disturbance, with extrarenal manifestations as a result of renal impairment, and secondary, following systemic disorders, infections or exposure to certain drugs. Although noteworthy progress has been made in the past years in the symptomatic and specific treatment, therapy of both primary and secondary glomerulonephritis can be challenging. Management of these patients requires early diagnosis, expert knowledge of the immunosuppressive agents and other drugs currently available for the treatment of each glomerulonephritis, consideration of possible adverse reactions to these drugs, alternative therapeutic strategies in cases of hyporesponsiveness or non-responsiveness of the patient to the treatment, and possible relapses of the disease. This book reviews knowledge of the main primary and secondary glomerulonephritis, with emphasis on current therapeutic strategies and practical recommendations. Glomerulonephritis are grouped according the presence or absence of proliferative histological alternations into primary and secondary proliferative and non-proliferative types. Each chapter deals with etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestations, natural history and therapeutic options of the commonest primary and secondary glomerular diseases, with exception the last chapter that covers inherited diseases with renal involvement. An atlas of the pathology of the glomerular diseases discussed completes this work.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by the triad non-immune micro-angiopathic hemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. The disease mainly affects children one to ten years of age. It begins after an incubation period of 4 to 7 days with abrupt onset of bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Two to ten days later, microangiopathy, haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure develop. HUS microangiopathy can involve almost any organ, but damage to kidneys and central nervous system cause the most severe clinical problems. This book discusses the symptoms, the treatment options and prognosis of HUS.

Acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as an abrupt decrease in renal function over a period of hours to days, is a common complication among hospitalised patients with different acute diseases. Its incidence has been increasing in recent years and is reported to be very high especially in the acute settings. Since clinical signs and symptoms of acute renal damage are not specific, it is difficult to promptly distinguish AKI at the time of patient presentation. Currently the diagnosis of AKI requires serial assessment of laboratory tests over a period of several days, and is based mainly on the evaluation of serum creatinine (sCr) and decrease in urine output as supported by Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage Kidney Disease (RIFLE) criteria, Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria, and the recent Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) practice guidelines for AKI. Such a need for repeated sCr evaluations and monitoring of urinary output for too long time after admission could therefore result in a diagnostic delay. With delays in diagnosis, clinicians miss opportunities to start appropriate treatment to minimise damage, and patients incur more severe AKI with subsequent greater risk of developing progression of renal damage leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD), dialysis and increased risk of severe cardiovascular diseases and death.

Dialyse - medizinisch und organisatorisch optimiert Dialyse, eine lebensrettende, komplexe, oft langfristig angewendete Therapie. Umso wichtiger ist es, Dialyse-Verfahren, Dauer und Behandlungsfrequenz an die individuellen Bedurfnisse der Patienten anzupassen. Alles Wesentliche - Diagnostik/Verlaufskontrolle - Therapieoptionen und -strategien - Technik Relevante Besonderheiten - Umgang mit Komplikationen und typischen Problemen - Besonderheiten bei speziellen Patientengruppen (Diabetes, Schwangerschaft, alteren, multimorbide Patienten ....) Praktisches Management - Qualitatsmanagement im Dialysezentrum - Praxistipps und Hinweise auf haufige Fehler Ausfuhrliche Pharmatabelle mit Dosisanpassungen bei Niereninsuffizienz Nach den Leitlinien - NKF KDOQITM, KDIGO) - EDTA European Best Practice Guidelines (EBPG) - DGfN Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Nephrologie

Despite our efforts at creating clinical performance measures, clinical practice guidelines and intense government regulations, we still have disparities in care, poor outcomes and quality that is inferior to many other nations. Bundling and payment reform challenge the ability to deliver good care to patients even further. Chronic dialysis is at a crossroads. Physicians and providers must incorporate new approaches, reinventing the paradigm of how to plot the course of patient therapy. This book offers new ideas. It is refreshing, timely and engaging, with a wide range of topics by leading authors, each designed to help meet the challenges yet to come.

This book is intended for use by nephrologists, internists, hospitals, trainees in these specialties and indeed anyone interested in renal medicine. It contains top-class authoritative and up-to-date reviews by internationally renowned experts coming from some of the best nephrology centres in the world. It covers the diagnosis, causes and management of acute kidney injury. It also includes a discussion of the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease, including the use of simple clinical and laboratory data, imaging, proteinomics and renal biopsy. It reviews the general management of chronic kidney disease, including an in-depth analysis of kidney transplant immunology. This book is therefore a comprehensive, authoritative text with clear explanation of even the most complex topics.

According to the American Cancer Society, kidney cancer is one of the ten most common cancers in both men and women. No one with kidney cancer needs to be alone in their fight against this disease. That's where this book and the information within can help. 100 Questions & Answers About Kidney Cancer, Fourth Edition offers authoritative and practical answers to the most common questions asked by patients and their loved ones. What is kidney cancer? What causes kidney cancer? How is kidney cancer treated? The authors bring their vast experience, expertise, and cutting-edge research in the field to answer these and other questions. They provide information on different types of kidney cancer, signs and symptoms, treatment options, and more. 100 Questions & Answers About Kidney Cancer, Fourth Edition is an invaluable resource for anyone coping with the physical and emotional uncertainty of this disease. NEW to THIS EDITION: -New section (Part 10) brings together and summarizes all of the treatments that are now being utilized for patients with metastatic kidney cancer. -New summary of the most recent recommendations from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), a leading source of up-to-date cancer treatment recommendations, regarding systemic treatments for metastatic kidney cancer (Appendix).

Covering all aspects of the many rheumatologic disorders associated with renal disease, including pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment, Rheumatology and the Kidney brings together the available information in an accessible and practical way, with a particular focus on evidence-based patient management. Part of the Oxford Clinical Nephrology Series, and featuring chapters from a team of international experts, this new edition has been completely updated since publication of the first edition in 2001 and now contains more tables and figures to make the information more accessible. Completely updated since publication of the first edition in 2001, and with more illustrations, this book brings together the available information on the many rheumatologic disorders associated with renal disease in an accessible and practical way, with a particular focus on evidence-based patient management.

In 1989, the nephrology community was confronted with the combination of high tech and high flux, realising for the first time that short, but mathematically "adequate" therapy resulted in unacceptable outcomes. This book discusses issues that doctors must pay close attention to; those that cause the greatest harm to patients. New discoveries prove that chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes a muscle wasting syndrome, and that epo hyporesponsiveness harbingers a variety of underlying etiologies. From renowned surgeons, doctors are gaining practical insights into methods to improve arteriovenous fistula survival and cardiovascular surgery outcomes. The book applies the new information that can now be accessed to meet the personal needs of these patients.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is rapidly becoming a global healthcare problem with an estimated 10% of the general population affected. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important that primary care physicians and general physic, as well as aspiring nephrologists, have a firm understanding of CKD as well as access to the key information.
Practical and highly-accessible, this book provides a comprehensive guide to the understanding and management of patients with CKD. It offers both primary care physicians and non-nephrology specialists an introduction to and insights into the disease. The emphasis is on practical guidance and a focused approach to a number of key topics in the field including epidemiology, diagnosis and management, and the impact of CKD on chronic, non-communicable disease.
This is a unique contribution by internationally renowned experts in the CKD field to update primary care physicians and non-specialists on major issues in this growing global healthcare problem.

Concise, thorough, and easy to use, Handbook of Nephrology and Hypertension 7th Edition, provides authoritative guidance on diagnosing and treating patients with a wide range of kidney disorders and hypertension, including coverage of dialysis and transplantation. Lead editor Dr. Christopher Wilcox and his team of section editors Drs. Michael Choi, Limeng Chen, Winfred N. Williams, and Mark S. Segal oversee a group of expert authors, both faculty and fellows, who focus on common problems and challenges in this complex field. Brief, focused chapters contain abundant figures and algorithms and have been updated to reflect new findings in renal cystic diseases, new drugs used for hypertension, transplantation and renal protection, and much more. Includes new chapters on Urinalysis and Hematuria, Hypertensive Nephropathy, Drug Use in Kidney Disease, Resistant and Secondary Forms of Hypertension, and Medical Reimbursement and Economics of Nephrology Practice Contains dedicated chapters on drugs for edema, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, as well as drugs pertaining to renal transplant, covering how to select and use drugs, doses, and adverse effects, and how prescribing should be altered in patients with renal insufficiency Features a new four-color design and more figures and algorithms throughout Shares the experience and knowledge of distinguished international authors from top universities in both the U.S. and China, with many chapters co-authored by a faculty and a fellow Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s),such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook,powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

This book provides a concise yet comprehensive resource on Diabetic Kidney Disease. Similar to the previous edition, the book reviews the most up-to-date research on diabetic nephropathy, the current understanding of its pathophysiology, renal structural alterations and clinical features, and summarizes recent evidence-based clinical treatment modalities for the prevention and management of diabetic kidney disease. General clinical aspects are also covered, as well as an overview to the novel approaches being designed by leading researchers in the field. A convenient compendium for physicians involved in the care of diabetic patients with varying degrees of kidney involvement, Diabetes and Kidney Disease, 2e is also a handy resource for medical residents and students interested in the current status and future approaches to reducing the burden of diabetes and diabetic kidney disease.

The book focuses on pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches of psychiatric syndromes that commonly occur in patients with kidney disease. It specifically reviews principles of psychotherapy and psychopharmacology with an emphasis on organ impairment and drug-drug interactions specific to nephrology. This book also covers issues with medication nonadherence in patients with chronic kidney disease and psychiatric comorbidity, as well as the associated issues in dialysis and renal transplantation. Additionally, chapters cover various other topics addressing an active stance towards health promotion in chronically ill patients, including the critical role of the diet and physical activity. Such advice is often complex and changing depending on the stage of chronic kidney disease and the individual needs of the patient. Written by specialists in the field, Psychonephrology: A Guide to Principles and Practice serves as a valuable reference and teaching tool that provides an opportunity for learning across a rapidly evolving medical field.

This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of interventional nephrology. Similar to the previous edition, this text describes a direct approach to clinical problems encountered by the community of care providers who treat chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. Practical scenarios faced on a day-to-day basis are presented by experts in the field, utilizing the latest scientific information. The book also features updated therapeutic guidelines and fully revised and new chapters. Written by the foremost authorities in the field, Interventional Nephrology: Principles and Practice, Second Edition is a must-have resource for clinicians and practitioners who treat and manage patients with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis access problems.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health problem, affecting nearly one in seven adults in the United States alone. It is a disease that integrates chronic illness at several levels, and the progressive condition is associated with high rates of co-morbidity. This text provides a comprehensive, current state-of-the art review of this field, serving as a valuable resource for primary care providers and non-nephrology clinicians that treat patients with CKD. It is comprised of 24 chapters focused on specific aspects of the disease. The first 2 chapters provide a bit of background on the disease, describing the anatomy and physiology of the kidney as well as the definition and epidemiology of the disease. The following 3 chapters discuss the detection, prevention and progression of the disease. The next 6 chapters describe the relationship of the disease with other conditions and most common co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. The chapters, that follow focus on the CKD associated complications and the CKD within special populations such as the elderly and minorities as well as dietary restrictions and drug dosing. The book concludes with discussion on preparation for renal replacement therapy and preemptive organ transplantation as an alternative to dialysis in the management of the advanced CKD. Written by experts in the field, Approach to Chronic Kidney Disease is a comprehensive guide for clinicians, especially primary care providers including residents and fellows in training, who take care of chronic kidney disease patients. It is also a useful tool for researchers dealing with this challenging field.