Urolithiasis: A Comprehensive History provides a historical sojourn into the varied manifestations of kidney stone disease. Utilizing historical sources and integrating classic material with new concepts, this new volume provides depth and details on stone disease not found in modern overviews on the topic. This volume serves as a very useful tool for physicians and researchers dealing with kidney stone disease. Written by a renowned expert in the field, Urolithiasis: A Comprehensive History is an in depth resource that heightens our medical understanding of this ancient disease and is of great value to urologists, nephrologists, endocrinologists interested in stone disease.

This case based resource focuses on kidney disease in patients with cancer. Chapters cover the pathophysiology and management of specific kidney diseases in cancer patients, as well as the impact of chemotherapy, toxicity of organ and stem cell transplantation and other emerging therapies. Filling a significant knowledge gap in this burgeoning field, Onconephrology features the latest evidence and clinical approaches for the beginner or experienced practitioner.

Over the last decade the development of new molecular biology tools, advanced microscopy, live imaging and systems biology approaches have revolutionized our conception of how embryonic development proceeds. One fundamental aspect of development biology is the concept of morphogenesis: understanding how a group of multipotent cells organize and differentiate into a complex organ. In Kidney Development: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail different approaches to tackle kidney development. These approaches include culture and live imaging aspects of kidney development, analyzing the 3-dimensional aspects of branching morphogenesis as well as nephrogenesis, manipulation of the gene/protein expression during kidney development as well as in the adult kidney, and how to assess kidney malformation and disease. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Kidney Development: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the further study of the process of morphogenesis which is fundamental important not only for studying developmental biology but also for regenerative medicine.

PNL is the gold standard for the management of large and/or otherwise complex renal stones. Since its introduction in the seventies PNL has undergone considerable evolution, mainly driven by the improvement in access techniques, endoscopic instrument technology, lithotripsy devices and drainage management. The conventional prone position for PNL has been challenged in the last two decades by a variety of modifications, including the supine and Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia positions, which make simultaneous retrograde working access to the collecting system possible and have proven anesthesiological advantages. The Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position allowed the development of ECIRS (Endoscopic Combined IntraRenal Surgery), a technique exploiting a combined antegrade and retrograde approach to the upper urinary tract, using both rigid and flexible endoscopes with the related accessories. The synergistic teamwork of ECIRS provides a safe and efficient, minimally-invasive procedure for the treatment of all kinds of urolithiasis. The aim of this book is to share with the urologic community worldwide our experience, our standardization of all the steps, and tips and tricks for the procedure.

This comprehensive book reviews our current state of knowledge about the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), which comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases with distinct histological characteristics, such as minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). As the word "idiopathic" indicates, the pathogenesis of INS remains unclear. Historically, T-cell dysfunction has been thought to play an important part in the pathogenesis of MCNS, while circulating vascular permeabilities have been believed to induce proteinuria in FSGS. The book further describes recent advances in molecular biology, which have allowed us to speculate on the interactions between visceral glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) and the relative significance of several molecules in the pathogenesis of INS, such as reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor-kappa B, CD80, angiopoietin-like 4, cardiotrophin-like cytokine-1, and M-type phospholipase A2 receptor. The normally rapid pace of scientific progress occasionally devolves into a state of chaos, and the pathogenetic research on INS is one such case. This volume will help researchers and scientists to collaborate, share resources, and expedite the design of protocols to evaluate the putative factors.

Since the inaugural publication of Pediatric Dialysis in 2004, a wide range of advances have taken place in dialysis-related care, leading to a wealth of new knowledge in the field. Pediatric Dialysis, Second Edition brings this knowledge together to provide the most comprehensive source of state-of-the-art information on the dialysis of infants, children and adolescents. With new chapters, updated chapters and references, and contemporary, unique perspectives from authors who are leaders in the global pediatric nephrology community, Pediatric Dialysis, Second Edition is, once again, an authoritative reference that will facilitate best practices in both acute and chronic dialysis. Experienced clinicians and trainees alike will find Pediatric Dialysis, Second Edition not only another valuable contribution to the literature but an indispensable guide to managing their pediatric patients on dialysis.

This practical handbook offers quick and sound advice on the many issues faced when dialyzing the older patient. It is authored by well-known international experts who have covered the full range of end stage renal disorders including treatment options, patient management and maximization of quality of life. Accessible and easy-to-read, Dialysis in Older Adults serves as the go-to reference for clinicians and members of their team as they treat this challenging patient population.

Core Concepts in Parenchymal Kidney Disease provides comprehensive and state-of-the-art information on the diagnosis, treatment, classification and pathogenesis of glomerular and tubulointerstitial diseases. Chapters feature various clinical scenarios and are authored by a team of renowned experts in the field. Experienced clinicians and trainees alike will find this authoritative reference to be a valuable resource and contribution to the literature.

Both scientifically and socially the Vlth International Symposium on Amyloidosis, August 5 - 8, 1990 in Oslo was a great success. There were three and a half intensive days. It started with the Opening Ceremony, particularly highlighted with the Norway-Norway multi media show by David Cochron, and ended with a visit to the Edvard Munch museuro and the Farewell Salmon Dinner on the evening of August 8 (not to forget the "happy birthday" song for Dorothea Zucker-Franklin at the breakfast table the following morning). In between was the intellectual penetration into the science of amyloidosis and amyloid proteins, and a deepening of many friendships among young and old "amyloidologists", together with some of the cultural and historical features of Oslo and Norway. Among the numerous Ietters of thanks and gratitude that we have received, the senior organizer of the previous meeting, Takashi lsobe said it briefly and eloquently: "You have overwhelmed us, you have performed a drama with joy and cheer, you have hosted so nicely with lovely secretariat, you have arranged impressive hospitality in every respect, you certainly did for all of us" Now we are left with the proceedings book for the three coming years until the next symposium in Kingston, Canada, which will be organized by Drs. Robert Kisilevsky and Thomas Muckle from the Department of Pathology at Queens University in 1993. The scientific contributions herein cover all the sessions of the meeting.

Written by leading American practitioners, the Oxford American Handbooks of Medicine each offer a pocket-sized overview of an entire specialty, featuring instant access to guidance on the conditions that are most likely to be encountered. Precise and prescriptive, the handbooks offer up-to-date advice on examination, investigations, common procedures, and in-patient care. These books will be invaluable resources for residents and students, as well as a useful reference for practitioners. This unique pocket book provides rapid access to evidence-based guidelines and practical advice about the day-to-day management of patients with renal disease. Consisting of twelve chapters, including clinical assessment, acute renal failure, chronic kidney disease, and renal replacement therapies, the handbook allows easy access to precise, prescriptive information. In line with contemporary nephrological practice, a significant portion of the handbook deals with the problem of hypertension, a major cardiovascular risk factor and the most common indication for prescription drug therapy. It is an invaluable resource for residents, as well as a useful reference for practitioners. The Oxford American Handbook of Nephrology and Hypertension is the indispensable source on the subject right in your pocket!

This pocket-sized manual serves as a concise and ideal reference work for therapeutic approaches using apheresis, Covering both basic theory and clinical details to facilitate improved treatment and patient outcomes, the text considers a variety of diseases, including myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, nephrotic syndrome, TTP/TMA, dilated cardiomyopathy, and many other conditions. The books also reviews the growing trend towards adopting this unique therapy for a wide range of health management issues such as morbid obesity and/or type 2 diabetes, and for lowering LDL-cholesterol (cholesterol apheresis) in patients unresponsive to medication or lifestyle modification.

The initial observations of dialytic support were brought from the laboratory and confined to patients with reversible acute renal failure. The thought at that time was one of short term maintenance. It was theorized that removal of waste products from the blood, albeit incomplete and inefficient, might allow these patients time to regenerate damaged tubules and regain renal function. After a dis appointing earlier experience in survival, greater sophisti cation and broader practice refined the dialysis skills and reduced mortality. It also became apparent that long periods of support were possible and successful attempts were then made in utilizing this technology in patients with chronic renal failure. These early young patients were a very select group who possessed only renal dysfunction and no other systemic involvement. Nonetheless, they demonstrated a one year survival of only 55-64%. There are presently over 80,000 patients on dialytic support in the United States and over 250,000 patients worldwide dependent on artificial replace ment. Mortality statistics vary but despite a 20-30% systemic disease involvement and a fifth decade average age in the North American experience, the one year survival has risen to apparently 90%."

After the great success of the fIrst issue of the series, the International Yearbook of Nephrology 1989, we were encouraged to proceed in our editorial venture to update nephrologists yearly, on all rapidly-changing areas of nephrology. Thus we have chosen new topics and appointed experts in the fIeld, asking them to give an objective review of the topic, up-dating the readers on the world-wide literature and providing them with a complete, accurate and up-to-date list of important, recent references. We have decided to maintain the successful format of the International Yearbook of Nephrology 1989. Thus each annual issue will be devided into sections; each section will have a different primary focus every year, depending upon what area is of greatest interest at the time. In other words, the Yearbook will remain different from the numerous books which appear every year covering all aspects of nephrology. In the Yearbooks you will fInd topics usually anavailable in nephrology textbooks. In this issue we have improved the printing quality of the book, with a more uniform format throughout the volume, despite the use of camera-ready manuscripts for direct photo-offset reproduction (a procedure mandatory for a rapid publication).

In 1962, 30 years after the discovery by du Vigneaud have pathologic consequences. One potentially sig- of a new sulfur amino acid, homocysteine; Carson and nificant health outcome of such mild to moderate Neil reported two siblings with mental retardation in hyperhomocysteinemia is an increased risk of occlu- northern Ireland with elevated urinary homocystine. sive vascular disease. Homocysteine concentrations in Nearly simultaneously, Gerritsen and Waisman patients with vascular disease were, on average, 31 % greater than in normal controls. Prospective assess- identified increased homocystine in the urine of a mentally retarded infant in Wisconsin. Within two ment of vascular disease risk among men with higher years, Harvey Mudd, James Finkelstein, and their homocysteine concentrations indicated that plasma coworkers at the National Institutes of health (USA) homocysteine at only 12% above the upper limit of that the enzyme cystathionine ~- normal levels was associated with a 3. 4-fold increase had reported synthase was lacking in a liver biopsy specimen from in risk of acute myocardial infarction. Studies from another patient with homocystinuria. This was the original Framingham Heart Study cohort (USA) the first indication of a vitamin relationship to have shown strong, positive correlation between homocystinuria, because that enzyme has as its co- plasma homocysteine concentration and degree of factor vitamin B6 (pyridoxal phosphate). Thereafter, carotid stenosis.

Few complications of systemic diseases are better understood than diabetic nephropathy. In large part, progress in this area is due to Carl Erik Mogensen's steadfast preoccupation over more than three decades with the disorder's epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis and evolving strategies of management. Though he sparked progress in each of these areas, he generously opens the forum of discussion to many expert contributors to this latest and most comprehensive edition of this exemplary textbook. In eliciting all relevant and up-to-date views, the reader, whether internist, pediatrician or specialist in endocrinology or nephrology, is assured a thorough review of the entire subject and in a format which is exceptionally well-written, well-illustrated and easy to read. Each of the prior editions have been an essential resource for my own work in this field and the 5th edition will no doubt continue to provide the information I and others will require to move forward in the years ahead. If only the other renal diseases were as masterfully synthesized, how much easier our task would be of achieving a comprehensive vision of all else in clinical nephrology. Barry M. Brenner, M.D., Samuel A. Levine Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School

The provision of optimal dialysis therapy to children requires a thorough understanding of the multi-disciplinary manner in which the pediatric patient is affected by renal insufficiency. Knowledge of the technical aspects of peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy must be complemented by attention to issues such as anemia, renal osteodystrophy, hypertension, growth, cognitive development, nutrition, nursing care and the psychosocial adaptation of the child and family to chronic disease. The inaugural edition of Pediatric Dialysis provides a comprehensive review of these and other related topics with a singular emphasis on the unique aspects of their application to children. With authoritative, clinically relevant, well-referenced chapters written by a host of recognized international experts who emphasize key aspects of contemporary management, Pediatric Dialysis has been designed to serve as a primary resource to all clinicians involved in the care of the pediatric dialysis patient.

The successful series of International Meetings on "Current Therapy in Nephrology" (now known around the world as "Sorrento Meeting") has continued this year with the third meeting of the series, updating on new therapeutic strategies in Nephrology. This time the meeting was held at the Cocumella Hotel of Sorrento, Italy, on May 27-30, 1990, in a wonderful atmosphere, with the participation of outstanding scientists, such as Drs. H. Auchincloss (Boston, USA), E. Bartoli (Udine, Italy), V. Bonomini (Bologna, Italy), M. Broyer (Paris, France), V. Cambi (Parma, Italy), G. Camussi (Naples, Italy), J.M. Dubemard (Lyon, France), G. Haycock (London, U.K.), G. Jacobs (Paris, France), C. Kjellstrand (Minneapolis, USA), R. Maiorca (Brescia, Italy), G. Maschio (Verona, Italy). As many as five hundred nephrologists from all over the world (European Countries, Israel, U.S.A., Taiwan, Corea, Japan) attended the meeting, actively participating in the discussion of a great number of good papers and posters. Important lectures by invited speakers have dealed with mediators of inflammation, cellular immunity in glomerular pathology, immunosuppressive therapy in autoimmune nephropathies, treatment of hypertension in chronic renal failure, dialysis compatibility, xenogenic transplantation. Very interesting controversies have been included in the programme: "Extracorporeal or peritoneal dialysis for uremic children?" (M. Broyer against G. Haycock) and "Extracorporeal or peritoneal dialysis for diabetic uremic patients?" (c. Kjellstrand against C. Jacobs). Their presentation has been quite successful with a great participation in the discussion by Congress members.

A good knowledge of renal physiology is essential to the understanding of many disease states. The purpose of the book is to set out the principles of renal physiology and normal renal function. Now in its 30th year of continuous publication, this new edition offers a logical progression through renal physiology and pathophysiology. In addition, the anatomy, physiology, pharmacology and pathology of the kidney are covered -- making it highly suitable for system based courses. This 5th edition has been extensively revised and features a wealth of new and widely accepted information about kidney function. This includes our understanding of the role of the glycocalyx and structural proteins in glomerular filtration; details of tubular transport, tight junctions and paracellular transport; and an update of the loops of Henle functioning. Principles of Renal Physiology, 5th Edition is a concise and easily readable text ideal for undergraduate medical and medical science students.

Designed for daily use by professionals responsible for caring for patients with renal disease, this long-awaited primer provides a simplified, up-to-date review of peritoneal dialysis. Dealing concisely with all aspects of PD, it is written in such a style that even beginners with elementary knowledge of the subject could benefit from its use, and thus it is the perfect text for trainees or new and junior staff members. It is also an ideal text for nurses, a virtual how-to guide on PD. A book like this one, crafted specifically as a bench text and a learning tool, is hard to find. Emphasis is placed on the plentiful illustrations and tables that immediately clarify and expand upon the text. The illustrations, many in full color, are deftly drawn by one of the foremost medical artists in the world, Bernard Tardieu. Few texts can boast such a cast of distinguished authors. Ramesh Khanna, Karl Nolph, and Dimitrios Oreopoulos are among the most respected practitioners of dialysis.

Many advances in vitamin D physiology and biochemistry have been made in recent years. Vitamin D metabolites and analogs have found increasing application in clinical medicine. The purpose of this text is to review what is known about vitamin D physiology and draw attention to areas of vitamin D research that have changed within the last 2-3 years. Additionally, information concerning clinical aspects of vitamin D is also presented. More than 40 scientists have generously contributed chapters to this text; I thank them for their efforts. As might be expected, not everyone has the same point of view. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the secretarial and editorial efforts of Mrs. Cheryl Collins without whom this book would not have been completed. CONTRIBUTORS ETSUKO ABE, Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-KU, Tokyo 142, Japan DAVID J. BAYLINK, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, and Pettis Veterans Hospital, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA NORMAN H. BELL, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina and Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC, 29403, USA WARNER M. BURCH, Jr. , Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Duke Univer sity Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA DAVID V. COHN, ICCRH, Inc. , 1238 Wyncrest Court, Arden Hills, MN, 55112, USA ROBERT A. CORRADINO, Department of Physiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 720 VRT, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA HECTOR F.

During the past quarter century there has been a renaissance of interest in the use of peritoneal dialysis as the primary dialytic modality for the treatment of children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The development of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (APD) has facilitated the provision of prolonged dialysis to infants, children and adolescents and has provided pediatric nephrologists worldwide with a real opportunity to administer effective dialysis therapy to all patients afflicted with ESRD. It has been more than a decade since the initial publication of CAPD/CCPD in Children. In the interim, a great deal of clinical experience with patients receiving peritoneal dialysis has been accumulated and research efforts have substantially increased our understanding of the technique. Therefore, we felt that a second edition of CAPD/CCPD in Children was propitious to update the advances of the past decade.

All unsuccessful revolutions are the same, but each successful one is different in its own distinctive way. The reason why revolutions occur is that new forces attain increasing significance and classic institutions are incapable of accomodating these forces. Such has been the pattern of events in the English, American and French revolutions. These successful revolutions produced a new dynamic and new perspectives. One English revolutionary put this succinctly: "Let us be doing, but let us be united in doing." This book sets out what is a revolution in. the perspectives of diagnostic imaging of the kidney and urinary tract. Forces which have brought about this revolution are the advent of reliable techniques in radioisotope studies, ultrasonics and computerized tomographic (CT) scanning. This last modality carries with it specific problems for routine paediatric work and its role in the study of kidney and urinary tract problems is discrete and circumscribed. However, in conjunction with classic radiology, each of these techniques yields information of a different type and so a synthesis of data accrues.