The Renal System at a Glance is a highly illustrated and practical guide to the structure and function of the kidney, renal, and urinary system. It also covers related disorders and abnormalities and their treatment. Fully updated to reflect the many exciting new developments in the understanding of nephrology, this new edition has been restructured to better integrate basic science and clinical examples to the medical school curricula. New chapters on glomerular filtration and global kidney medicine are included, while the latest guidance and approaches to acute kidney injury, chronic kidney diseases, and renal replacement therapy have also been incorporated. The Renal System at a Glance: * Offers clear explanations on tricky topics such as electrolytes, fluid balance and acid-base handling * Features new sections on glomerular filtration, and a new chapter on the global differences in kidney problems * Includes cross-referencing between basic science and related clinical content * Focuses on clinical disorders and investigations ideal for those embarking on medicine rotations * Illustrates each topic in a double page spread, complete with charts, graphs, and photographs * An updated companion website is available at www.ataglanceseries.com/renalsystem featuring animations and MCQs This new edition is the perfect guide for medical students, junior doctors, and allied health professionals, including specialist nurses, who wish to learn, or refresh their knowledge, on the kidney and renal system in health and disease.

Chronic Failures: Kidneys, Regimes of Care and the Mexican State is about Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and the relentless search for renal care lived out in the context of poverty, inequality and uneven welfare arrangements. Based on ethnographic research conducted in the state of Jalisco, this book documents the routes uninsured Mexican patients take in order to access resource intensive biotechnical treatments, that is, different modes of dialysis and organ transplantation. It argues that these routes are normalized, bureaucratically, socially and epidemiologically, and turned into a locus for exploitation and profit. Without a coherent logic of healthcare access, negotiating regimes of renal care has catastrophic consequences for those with the least resources to expend in that effort. In carrying both the costs and the burden of care, the practices of patients without entitlement offer a critical vantage point on the interplay between the state, markets in healthcare and the sick body.

Landmarks in Nephrology points the reader to some of the seminal observations which have led to the practice of nephrology as we know it today. Twenty areas of nephrology are covered by discrete chapters, with the editors selecting the ten most important papers ever published in that field. These range from observational and experimental studies from the 18th century, which laid the groundwork for our current understanding of the kidney, through to recent randomized controlled clinical trials. The papers also reflect the emergence of nephrology as a speciality in the last fifty years, stimulated particularly by the introduction of renal biopsy and the development of dialysis and transplantation as effective forms of renal replacement therapy. For each paper, there is a succinct commentary which highlights the importance of the work in its historical context, as well as a recommended reading section to encourage the interested reader to explore further. It is of course a near-impossible task to choose only two hundred papers from the whole oeuvre of nephrology. However, these chosen few are undoubtedly among the great landmarks of nephrology, reflecting the varying coincidences of brilliance, persistence, and good fortune which are necessary for progress in medical science. Encompassing the breadth, range and depth of the intellectual journey which precedes us in the development of nephrology, they provide a telling illustration of Sir Isaac Newton's words to Robert Hooke in 1675: 'If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants'.

The effect of calcium antagonists on heart muscle and blood circulation is the reason that they have found widespread clinical application for a number of years. Less well known, in contrast, is the effect this group of substances has on the kidneys, both on kidney cells and the blood flow through the kidneys. This effect was the subject of a workshop we organized in Tiibingen in June 1986. Different groups studied the effects of these substances, especially in animals, on the processing of calcium by the kidney cells and on blood flow. A possible explanation is that the calcium antagonists block the influx of calcium through special cell canals, especially the cells of the distal tubule. It is necessary to test whether there is a blockade or only a reduction in the passage of calcium. Our understanding of the effect of calcium antagonists is in large part based on the results of morphologic, physiologic, and pharmacologic studies of calcium in the kidneys. The particular processes involved in nephrocalcinosis are special objects of study with regard to calcium antagonists. This book presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of calcium antagonists on nephrocalcinosis and acute renal failure after ischemia. In this context, the clinician is particularly interested in the use of calcium antagonists to protect against the kidney in urolithiasis, in acute renal failure and during kidney transplantation. The book is thus of interest to urologists and nephrologists as well as pharmacologists. biochemists, physiologists, and others in research.

Renal function fails abruptly in a bewildering variety of clinical situations which lack any common clinical patterno This makes it impossible to define acute renal failure in the same way as heart failure or liver failureo Even oliguria, the commonest sign, is not invariably present. As a result, the detection of acute renal failure Table 1. Causes of acute renal failureo Acute tubular necrosis Ischaemic type Nephrotoxic type Cortical necrosi . * Hepatorenal syndrome Occlusion of main renal arteries Occlusion of arterioles Malignant hypertension Haemolytic uraemic syndrome Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Postpartum nephrosclerosis Acute glomerulonephritis Post-streptococcal 'Crescentic' nephritis } do thO th t dO Necrotizing glomerulitis I IOpa IC WI sys emlc Iseases Renal vein thrombosis Obstruction U ric acid crystals Stones Tumours-benign and malignant Fibrosis Strictures 2 Acute and Chronic Renal Failure (ARF) depends on biochemical tests, which are fortunately simple to perform and are commonly available. However, the clinician has to think of the possibility in order to test the diagnosis. Frequently, patients are admitted to a renal unit from medical, surgical or gynaecological wards where the development of ARF has gone unrecognized, either because the relevant investigation has not been performed or because the result has been overlooked. This happens because ARF occurs in patients with complex problems which themselves demand con- siderable attention, and it is easy to overlook a comparatively rare, if important, complication.

Severe inflammation of the kidney can indicate the serious, negative prognosis of lupus nephritis when present in conjunction with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease that can affect any part of the body, most often harming the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system. This book pulls together in one comprehensive reference the current knowledge regarding the inherited and immunologic abnormalities that have been identified in SLE, with specific reference to the development of renal disease and the way in which these factors may impact upon the chronic care of these patients. Since publication of the first edition in 1999, the discipline of medicine has experienced some revolutionary changes in the way drugs are used to treat to immune system diseases. On the basis of careful analysis of physical make-up, the immune system, and microscopic features of the human body, it has become clear that multiple components of the immune system are responsible for renal injury and that any given patient can experience a combination of these mechanisms. With this in mind, specific therapies can be tested, and drugs that interrupt the immune response in highly specific ways are being scrutinized for their value in lupus nephritis. This new edition reflects the updated methods of classification and advances in treatment options for SLE, and covers recent clinical trials to help treat patients using the most up-to-date knowledge available. It takes a practical approach throughout, and will be of interest to those working with patients with lupus nephritis, and those who manage their everyday care.

Cancer and the Kidney covers the challenging overlap area of nephrology and oncology. Kidney problems in cancer patients, and cancer that affects kidney patients, are both very real clinical issues in medicine. For example, cancer is a common complication of kidney transplantation, and up to half of all survivors of bone marrow transplant may develop chronic kidney disease.
Since publication of the first edition in 2005, there have been many changes in this area. These include the recognition of chronic kidney disease after uninephrectomy for cancer, the occurrence of medication toxicities of the EGFR antagonists and of the VEGF antagonists, and changes in the approach to multiple myeloma. In this new edition, the primary authors cover diverse subjects in this area, ranging from assessment of kidney function, to paraneoplastic disorders, acquired cysts and native kidney cancers, and all points inbetween. Each chapter starts with a case study to ensure a practical focus, and there are numerous illustrations throughout. Specialists and trainees in nephrology and in oncology will find it a useful starting point and reference, as will physician assistants and nurse practitioners who work in these fields.

More than 400,000 people in the United States undergo kidney dialysis. If you or a member of your family are one of them, then the prospect of a regular appointment with a dialysis machine may seem like the end of life itself. But that reaction couldn't be more wrong.
In Dialysis Without Fear, psychiatrist and dialysis patient Dr. Daniel Offer joins with his wife, Marjorie Kaiz Offer, and daughter, Susan Offer Szafir, to reveal how life can be lived--and lived well--on dialysis. Drawing on his long medical career and more than seven years of personal experience with dialysis, Dr. Offer dispels many misconceptions surrounding this treatment, explaining how you can adapt to the new diet, travel, work and continue to partake in life's joys and celebrations. But the fears and hardships can be quite real, and Dr. Offer brings his years as a psychiatrist to bear as he provides practical advice on how patients can overcome them. Walking through each step of dialysis, he explains different types of treatment, examines the pros and cons of a transplant, and discusses side effects. Since dialysis affects the entire family, Dr. Offer and his coauthors also provide realistic insights into how relatives can cope and thrive together, sharing the humor, courage, and triumphs of real families who have successfully faced the challenges of dialysis. The result is an inspiring, practical guide that will help you and your family learn to overcome the difficulties of dialysis, live without fear, and enjoy every day.

This book provides a concise, yet comprehensive overview of pediatric nephrolithiasis. The text covers the epidemiology and pathophysiology of pediatric stone disease, describes the appropriate workup for children with nephrolothiasis, and reviews strategies for managing the disease and preventing stone recurrence. Examples of complex cases of pediatric stone disease are also presented in the book. Written by experts in the field, Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Nephrolithiasis is an essential guide for medical providers who care for pediatric patients with nephrolithiasis.

Renal genetic disorders may become apparent at any time in life and recognition of specific renal disorders is important in allowing accurate genetic counselling. Active counselling requires knowledge about the natural history of the disorder, an understanding of the genetic component and mode of inheritance, risk of the disorder in other family members, information about patient attitudes towards family planning and the possibility of pre-natal diagnosis.

Genetics of Renal Disease provides a comprehensive account of both the hereditary nephropathies and more generalised disorders which may affect the renal tract. It includes comprehensive guidelines from an international group of authors on renal function and development, chromosomal disorders, dysmorphic syndromes, inherited predisposition to kidney cancer and gene therapy for renal cancer. Specific chapters deal with individual renal tract disorders such as an extensive discussion of Alport's disease, cystic renal diseases, the Bardet-Biedl and Alstrom syndromes. Each section gives a brief description of the clinical and pathological features of a particular disorder, followed by a review of the genetics of the disorder including incidence, inheritance of familial occurrence, genetic linkage and gene assignment, and prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection. Original studies are extensively quoted and are referenced at the end of each section. There are a great many dysmorphic syndromes which involve the urinary tract. These are incorporated within the book.

Aimed primarily at clinical and medical geneticists, this book will also appeal to researchers into genetic kidney disease and genetic counsellors as well as nephrologists with an interest in this area.

This highly acclaimed book deals with all the key kidney, ureter and bladder problems likely to be encountered by the non-specialist paediatrician and paediatric nephrologist. The book adopts an evidence-based, problem solving approach and focuses on presenting clinical symptoms rather than being disease orientated. Emphasis is placed on differential diagnosis, evaluation and treatment. Where no evidence is available or where controversy exists, a clear opinion on the most appropriate treatment is provided. For this completely revised and updated edition over half of the text is revised. New chapters have been added on psychosocial care principles, drug prescribing in children and paediatric nephrology in the third world. Certain chapters have been condensed for clarity and other chapters have been combined to facilitate practical use. This edition is based around practical guidelines and contributions have been collected from international experts in the field. The chapters contain key point boxes highlighting the important take-home messages. The well-structured text is ideal for trainee and non-specialist paediatricians, for paediatric nephrologists and for nephrologists and urologists with an interest in children. This book is undoubtedly regarded as 'the' paediatric nephrology textbook to be held on the shelves of all general paediatric departmental libraries.

This book describes the current status of vascular access for patients with end-stage renal failure who require dialysis. The book highlights controversial areas and problems and describes differences in practice in USA and Europe. Vascular Access is the Achilles heel of dialysis. In the United States and Europe in 1999 there were in access of 400,000 patients maintained on dialysis. The success of this life sustaining procedure is dependant on being able to successfully access the circulation and obtain blood flows of between two and five hundred mls per minute three times a week. In 1964 Cimino and Brescia described what remains today the premier form of vascular access. Not long after the development of the Cimino Brescia fistula it became apparent that there were patients in whom it was either impossible or extremely difficult to create an adequate fistula for dialysis. As dialysis technology has been applied to older and sicker patients this trend has continued, such that in the United States the majority of patients starting dialysis do not have a primary fistula. The maintenance of long-term vascular access in patients who do not have a primary fistula requires considerably increased effort. In recent years a number of innovations have considerably increased the success of long- term vascular access in these patients. This book brings together these developments, including strategies to prospectively detect impending vascular access failure, and strategies to pre-emptively prevent graft failure. Simultaneously with these developments there have been dramatic improvements in our understanding of the pathophysiology of graft failure, this improved understanding of the biology of access failure are beginning to bring to the clinical arena newer strategies to delay graft failure.

The book focuses on pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches of psychiatric syndromes that commonly occur in patients with kidney disease. It specifically reviews principles of psychotherapy and psychopharmacology with an emphasis on organ impairment and drug-drug interactions specific to nephrology. This book also covers issues with medication nonadherence in patients with chronic kidney disease and psychiatric comorbidity, as well as the associated issues in dialysis and renal transplantation. Additionally, chapters cover various other topics addressing an active stance towards health promotion in chronically ill patients, including the critical role of the diet and physical activity. Such advice is often complex and changing depending on the stage of chronic kidney disease and the individual needs of the patient. Written by specialists in the field, Psychonephrology: A Guide to Principles and Practice serves as a valuable reference and teaching tool that provides an opportunity for learning across a rapidly evolving medical field.

This book provides a concise yet comprehensive resource on Diabetic Kidney Disease. Similar to the previous edition, the book reviews the most up-to-date research on diabetic nephropathy, the current understanding of its pathophysiology, renal structural alterations and clinical features, and summarizes recent evidence-based clinical treatment modalities for the prevention and management of diabetic kidney disease. General clinical aspects are also covered, as well as an overview to the novel approaches being designed by leading researchers in the field. A convenient compendium for physicians involved in the care of diabetic patients with varying degrees of kidney involvement, Diabetes and Kidney Disease, 2e is also a handy resource for medical residents and students interested in the current status and future approaches to reducing the burden of diabetes and diabetic kidney disease.

Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis is one of the most exciting areas in renal medicine. However, appropriate immunosuppressive therapy can dramatically improve the prognosis in many cases, such that renal failure is avoided. It is clear now that various immunopathological processes are involved, and that an accurate diagnosis is of value in guiding management. This volume aims to bring together current knowledge of both scientific and clinical aspects of RPN. Recent advances in the immunology, inflammatory mechanisms and pathology of RPGN are discussed. This is followed by consideration of the major causes of RPGN, which include Goodpasture's disease, primary systematic vasculitis and systematic lupus erythematosus. RPGN secondary to other renal and systemic diseases, and RPGN in children are also described. Finally, new approaches to treatment are reviewed. Although certain of these areas are covered in the larger textbooks of renal medicine, our aim is to provide a current overview of RPGN, in a concise volume. This should be of particular interest to nephrologists and general physicians, including those in training, but may also be of value to pathologists, immunologists, and other studying the mechanisms of renal disease. We hope that this volume will help them in the management of patients with RPNG, or in planning their research into this condition.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health problem, affecting nearly one in seven adults in the United States alone. It is a disease that integrates chronic illness at several levels, and the progressive condition is associated with high rates of co-morbidity. This text provides a comprehensive, current state-of-the art review of this field, serving as a valuable resource for primary care providers and non-nephrology clinicians that treat patients with CKD. It is comprised of 24 chapters focused on specific aspects of the disease. The first 2 chapters provide a bit of background on the disease, describing the anatomy and physiology of the kidney as well as the definition and epidemiology of the disease. The following 3 chapters discuss the detection, prevention and progression of the disease. The next 6 chapters describe the relationship of the disease with other conditions and most common co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. The chapters, that follow focus on the CKD associated complications and the CKD within special populations such as the elderly and minorities as well as dietary restrictions and drug dosing. The book concludes with discussion on preparation for renal replacement therapy and preemptive organ transplantation as an alternative to dialysis in the management of the advanced CKD. Written by experts in the field, Approach to Chronic Kidney Disease is a comprehensive guide for clinicians, especially primary care providers including residents and fellows in training, who take care of chronic kidney disease patients. It is also a useful tool for researchers dealing with this challenging field.

This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of interventional nephrology. Similar to the previous edition, this text describes a direct approach to clinical problems encountered by the community of care providers who treat chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. Practical scenarios faced on a day-to-day basis are presented by experts in the field, utilizing the latest scientific information. The book also features updated therapeutic guidelines and fully revised and new chapters. Written by the foremost authorities in the field, Interventional Nephrology: Principles and Practice, Second Edition is a must-have resource for clinicians and practitioners who treat and manage patients with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis access problems.

Many inherited diseases and non-herediatry disorders have in common the development of renal cyctic disease. The most common, autosonal dominant polycystic kidney disease, is responsible for 5-10% of end-stage renal failure treated by dialysis or transplantation.
Since the publication six years ago of the last book on polycystic kidney disease, a number of genes causing the disease have been identified, mapped, or sequenced; new experimental models and the application of molecular biology techniques have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease; novel clinical studies have provided valuable information for the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of the complications of this disease. This book provides an updated, state-of-the-art review of the genetics, pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of these diseases and will be of interest to both basic researchers and clinicians in nephrology.

Dialysis amyloidosis is a syndrome observed in dialysis patients characterized initially by joint pain, followed later by joint destruction. It is at present one of the few compliations in these patients. The factors involved in the genesis of this syndrome are not yet known with certainty and there is as yet no proven efficacious treatment otehr then renal transplantation. As a result, the interest in this topic among nephrologists remains very high. Dialysis amyloid gives general information on the pathophysiology, and the clinical aspects of all types of amyloidosis. It then goes on to discuss recently discovered B2, type of dialysis amyloidosis, from clinical and pathological features to physiological and pathophysiological aspects of this serious complication which effects patients suffering from chronic renal failure. This book will give nephrologists and rheumatologists a clear understanding of the dialysis amyloidosis syndrome as well as making a valuable contribution to identifying strategies for treatment and prevention. This book is intended for consultant nephrologists, trainee nephrologists.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the unique challenges inherent in pediatric kidney transplantation. The text reviews the problems faced during each stage of the kidney transplantation process, including the occurrence of infections during the pre-transplant stage, surgical challenges during the actual transplantation, and medication issues during the post-transplant stage. The book also features high-yield case presentations of typical pediatric transplant scenarios, from the pre-transplant management of a child with CAKUT to the evaluation and treatment of antibody mediated rejection in children. Written by experts in the field, Challenges in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation: A Practical Guide is a valuable resource for clinicians, practitioners, and trainees who manage or are interested in this challenging group of patients.

This book offers a comprehensive guide to peritoneal dialysis (PD). Home dialysis, and more specifically PD, is growing in popularity in the US. By conservative estimates, experts suggest that 45 percent of dialysis patients in the US can be on home dialysis. However, the current penetration rate is only 10 percent. This is changing with an expected major increase in the next 5 years. One of the reasons for the low uptake is that many nephrologists lack comfort and confidence in using PD as a dialysis modality. This book addresses those concerns by covering all aspects of PD. Chapters include its history, patient selection, implementation options, comorbidities, quality of life concerns, and developing approaches to treatment. This comprehensive resource fills the unmet need for a practical, hands-on book that is both detailed and can work as a quick reference. This is an ideal guide for academic nephrologists, private practice nephrologists, NPs, PAs, nurses, fellows, and residents.

Translational Urinomics provides an overview of urine analysis using proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics or any combination thereof for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases related to the urinary system and the kidneys. The text approaches urine biomarkers from a new perspective, incorporating up-to-date studies of mass-spectrometry-based biomarker discovery as well as the latest advances in personalized medicine. The integration of technology-driven techniques, such as OMICS also provides a unique opportunity for improved diagnostics accuracy of urinary-related diseases. For nephrologists and urologists looking for new approaches to well-known problems, this edited volume serves as a valuable guide.

Well organized and highly readable, the National Kidney Foundation Primer on Kidney Diseases has offered clear, comprehensive coverage of adult and pediatric kidney diseases for more than 25 years. The thoroughly revised 8th Edition of this authoritative, practical reference covers every relevant topic in the field, making it an excellent resource for residency, fellowship, clinical practice, and board review. It brings you completely up to date with key topics in this fast-changing field, including ongoing clinical research and changing treatment protocols. This powerful learning tool and clinical reference is a joint publication of Elsevier and the National Kidney Foundation. Covers every relevant topic in nephrology-from anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology to diagnosis and management of kidney disease, to fluid and electrolyte disorders, hypertension, dialysis, and renal transplantation. Presents complex material in a clear, easy-to-understand manner that is both accessible for residents and fellows and comprehensive enough for practicing nephrologists. Offers new guidance for management of COVID-19 in the Viral Nephropathies chapter. Contains two new chapters on Global Kidney Disease, and Conservative Kidney Management (CKM), a palliative care option for treating kidney failure without dialysis. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This disorder transcends multiple disciplines and demands a team approach to improve knowledge and treatment. The highly experienced internationally recognized authors have updated every section and added many new chapters, including some on genetic abnormalities in virus and host seen in PTLDs. In this successor edition, there is a completely new section on PTLDs after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The newest PTLD classifications and current treatment paradigms that reflect recently conducted international trials are fully incorporated. As technologies have advanced, this book provided state-of-the-art new diagnostic and prognostic information. Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders 2nd Edition is designed to be a valuable reference for oncologists and all transplant professionals, such as surgeons, nephrologists, cardiologists, hepatologists/gastroenterologists, pulmonologists, infectious disease specialists, pathologists, as well as interns and residents in training in these specialists. It provides these professionals with comprehensive and up-to-date information that guides their management of transplant patients before and after transplant, with and without PTLD.