|
Books > Science & Mathematics > Chemistry > Inorganic chemistry > General
I. G OLOGY OF CALCIUM CARBO ATE 1 by Jacques Geyssant 1. Features
and characteristics of calcium carbonate 2 1. 1 Calcium carbonate -
a special compound 2 1. 2 The crystal forms of calcium carbonate -
mineralogy 9 2. The limestones - development and classification 15
2. 1 Sedimentation 16 2. 2 Diagenesis - from sediment to rock 23 2.
3 Classification of the limestones 24 2. 4 Metamorphism - from
limestone to marble 26 2. 5 Carbonatites - extraordinary limestones
29 3. Limestone deposits 31 3. 1 Recognition of limestones 31 3. 2
Distribution on the Earth's surface 33 3. 3 Limestone deposits in
the geological ages 36 3. 4 CaC0 cycle 42 3 3. 5 Industrially
exploitable CaC0 deposits 3 44 53 II. TH C LT RAt HI TORY F LIME
TONE by Johannes Rohleder 1. The history of chalk 55 2. Marble and
limestone 69 2. 1 Quarrying stones 70 2. 2 Transport, organisation
and trade 80 2. 3 The uses 97 137 III. CALCI M CARBOl\ATE - A MODER
RESOURCE 1. The beginnings: Calcium carbonate in glazing putty and
rubber 138 by Johannes Rohleder 1. 1 A chalk industry is born 139
1. 2 Rubber and glazing putty 142 1. 3 From chalk to calcium
carbonate 156 2. Calcium carbonate - pigment and filler 160 by
Eberhard Huwald 2. 1 Properties and effects of a filler 164 2. 2
Chalk, limestone, marble, pec - common features and differences 165
2. 2.
According to R.H. Crabtree, Metal Dihydrogen and sigma-Bond
Complexes is described as 'the definitive account of
twentieth-century work in the area of sigma complexation'. It
covers not only Kubas' discovery of dihydrogen coordination and the
study of its structure and general properties but also discusses
both the theoretical beliefs and experimental results of bonding
and activation of dihydrogen on metal centers and the coordination
and activation of C-H, B-H, X-H, and X-Y bonds, giving an overview
of 'one of the hottest areas in chemistry'.
In the short time since the first nitroxyl radical was obtained in
1959, a new branch of chemical science has arisen and taken
shape-the chemistry of stable nitroxyl radicals. The present book
was written by E. G. Rozantsev, one of the pioneers in this field
and a prominent specialist on stable radicals at the Division of
Chemical and Biological Processes of the Institute of Chemical
Physics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. His numerous papers have
contributed greatly to the present situation, wherein nitroxyl
radicals have acquired unusually wide popularity, including the
fields of biology, medicine, chemis try, physics, biophysics, and
instrument construction. A clear illustration of the astonishingly
vigorous development of this new field of chemistry can be given by
the enormous flow of information on the synthesis and use of
nitroxyl radicals. There is no doubt that this monograph, which in
part generalizes the results of many workers studying these
radicals, will be received with interest by specialists working in
this field. The author has not attempted to give an exhaustive
account of the material. His aim is to introduce the reader to this
new field and to show the wide possibilities for using radicals in
scientific experiment. The voluminous bibliography, including many
papers by the author himself which may not be well enough known to
the American reader, will undoubtedly contribute to the usefulness
of the monograph."
Environmental Chemistry is a relatively young science. Interest in
this subject, however, is growing very rapidly and, although no
agreement has been reached as yet about the exact content and
limits of this interdisciplinary subject, there appears to be
increasing interest in seeing environmental topics which are based
on chemistry embodied in this subject. One of the first objectives
of Environ mental Chemistry must be the study of the environment
and of natural chemical processes which occur in the environment. A
major purpose of this series on Environmental Chemistry, therefore,
is to present a reasonably uniform view of various aspects of the
chemistry of the environment and chemical reactions occuring in the
environment. The industrial activities of man have given a new
dimension to Environ mental Chemistry. We have now synthesized and
described over five million chemical compounds and chemical
industry produces about one hundred and fifty million tons of
synthetic chemicals annually. We ship billions of tons of oil per
year and through mining operations and other geophysical
modifications, large quantities of inorganic and organic materials
are released from their natural deposits. Cities and metropolitan
areas of up to 15 million inhabitants produce large quantities
ofwaste in relatively small and confined areas. Much of the
chemical products and was te products of modern society are
released into the environment either during production, storage,
transport, use or ultimate disposal. These released materials
participate in natural cycles and reactions and frequently lead to
interference and disturbance of natural systems."
D. Santamaria-Perez and F. Liebau : Structural relationships
between intermetallic clathrates, porous tectosilicates and
clathrates hydrates Vladislav A. Blatov: Crystal structures of
inorganic oxoacid salts perceived as cation arrays: a periodic
graph approach Angel Vegas: FeLiPO4: Dissection of a crystal
structure. The parts and the whole D. J. M. Bevan, R. L. Martin,
Angel Vegas: Rationalisation of the substructures derived from the
three fluorite-related [Li6(MVLi)N4] polymorphs: An analysis in
terms of the "Barnighausen Trees" and of the "Extended Zintl-Klemm
Concept" Angel Vegas: Concurrent pathways in the phase transitions
of alloys and oxides: Towards an Unified Vision of Inorganic Solids
Ruthenium Oxidation Complexes explores ruthenium complexes,
particularly those in higher oxidation states, which function as
useful and selective organic oxidation catalysts. Particular
emphasis is placed on those systems which are of industrial
significance. The preparation, properties and applications of the
ruthenium complexes are described, followed by a presentation of
their oxidative properties and summary of the different mechanisms
involved in the organic oxidations (e.g. oxidations of alcohols,
alkenes, arenes and alkynes, alkanes, amines, ethers, phopshines
and miscellaneous substrates). Moreover, future trends and
developments in the area are discussed. This monograph is aimed at
inorganic, organic, industrial and catalysis chemists, especially
those who wish to carry out specific organic oxidations using
catalytic methods.
The present book is based on the work of M.N.Bochkarev,
G.S.Kalinina, L.N. zakharov and S.Ya.Khorshev. The Russian edition
of that book appeared under the same title in 1989 and covered
literature data up to the middle of 1986. Since that time the
number of publications on this subject increased significantly. In
this volume we include all the data published up to the end of
1990, as well as some of the most important relevant articles of
1991. Therefore, this book should be considered as a new book,
devoted to the same problems, rather than as just a translation of
the mentioned issue. This book deals with compounds of scandium,
yttrium, lanthanum and lanthanoids containing direct metal-carbon
bond, Le. with the real organometallic complexes of these metals.
Besides, the volume includes the rare earth complexes, in which
organic ligand is bonded to the metal atom via the atom of another
element of the Periodic Table. In other words, the book includes
all classes of rare earth organoderivatives. Carboxilates,
fl-diketonates and related chelates are the exceptions, because
their properties are closer to inorganic compounds and they were
fully described elsewhere. It should be noted, that "rare earth
elements," "rare earth metals," "lanthanoids" and related terms are
used in this book for indicating scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and
the following 14 elements of the Periodic Table.
The second edition of this textbook is identical with its fourth
German edi tion and it thus has the same goals: precise definition
of basic phenomena, a broad survey of the whole field, integrated
representation of chemistry, physics, and technology, and a
balanced treatment of facts and comprehen sion. The book thus
intends to bridge the gap between the often oversimpli fied
introductory textbooks and the highly specialized texts and
monographs that cover only parts of macromolecular science. The
text intends to survey the whole field of macromolecular science.
Its organization results from the following considerations. The
chemical structure of macromolecular compounds should be inde
pendent of the method of synthesis, at least in the ideal case.
Part I is thus concerned with the chemical and physical structure
of polymers. Properties depend on structure. Solution properties
are thus discussed in Part 11, solid state properties in Part Ill.
There are other reasons for dis cussing properties before
synthesis: For example, it is difficult to understand equilibrium
polymerization without knowledge of solution thermodynamics, the
gel effect without knowledge of the glass transition temperature,
etc. Part IV treats the principles of macromolecular syntheses and
reactions."
1. R.G. Pearson Chemical Hardness - An Historical Introduction 2.
P.K. Chattaraj Density Functional Theory of Chemical Hardness 3.
J.L. Gazqu z Hardness and Softness in Density Functional Theory 4.
L. Komorowski Hardness Indices for Free and Bonded Atoms 5. N.H.
March The Ground-State Energy of Atomic and Molecular Ions and Its
Variation with the Number of Elections 6. K. Sen Isoelectronic
Changes in energy, Electronegativity, and Hardness in Atoms via the
Calculations of 7. P. Politzer, J.S. Murray, M.E. Grice Charge
Capacities and Shell Structures of Atoms 8. R. F. Nalewajski The
Hardness Based Molecular Charge Sensitivities and Their Use in the
Theory of Chemical Reactivity 9. B.G. Baekelandt, R. A.
Schoonheydt, W.J. Mortier The EEM Approach to Chemical Hardness in
Molecules and Solids: Fundamentals and Applications 10. J.A.
Alonso, L. C. Balbas Hardness of Metallic Clusters
This book arose from a symposium titled 'Transition Metal Carbides
and Nitrides: Preparation, Properties, and Reactivity' organized by
Jae Sung Lee, Masatoshi Nagai and myself. The symposium was part of
the 1995 Congress of Pacific Rim Chemical Societies, held in
Honolulu, Hawaii between December 17-22, 1995. The meeting was the
first major conference to exclusively address the theme of metal
carbides and nitrides, and brought together many of the major
researchers in the field. Over 50 scientists and engineers reported
their latest findings in five sessions of presentations and
discussions. The book closely follows the topics covered in the
conference: Theory of bonding Structure and composition Catalytic
properties Physical properties New methods of preparation
Spectroscopy and microscopy The book is unique in its coverage. It
provides a general introduction to the properties and nature of the
materials, but also covers their latest applications in a wide
variety of fields. It should thus be of interest to both experts
and nonexperts in the fields of material science, solid-state
chemistry, physics, ceramics engineering, and catalysis. The first
chapter gives an overview, and many of the chapters provide
summaries of advanced topics. All contributions were peer-reviewed.
The chemistry of transition metal carbyne complexes has become a
highly attractive field during the past twenty years. In recent
years its application to aspects of catalysis and metathesis has
gained considerable interest from inorganic as well as organic
chemists. In addition, organic synthesis by means of metal carbon
multiple bond reagents offers the most sophisticated technology
currently available. In consideration of these developments some of
Professor E. O. Fischer's former coworkers and colleagues felt
obliged to orga nize this NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Transition Metal Carbyne Complexes in the Bavarian Alps. They have
been encouraged by the fact that most of the distinguished
scientists in the field of metal-carbon multiple bond chemistry had
finally agreed to participate and to present stimulating lectures.
The organizers of the workshop are deeply grateful to the
Scientific Affairs Division of the NATO for the generous financial
support of the meeting in Wildbad Kreuth and for the preparation of
this book. They also feel indebted to acknowledge the generous
support from Wacker-Chemie, BASF, Peroxid-Chemie, Hoechst and
Bayer. Finally they thank the staff of the Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung in
Wildbad Kreuth for providing a pleasant and stimu lating atmosphere
during the meeting."
|
|