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Books > Science & Mathematics > Chemistry > Inorganic chemistry > General
In order to meet the ever-increasing demands for enantiopure
compounds, heteroge- ous, homogeneous and enzymatic catalysis
evolved independently in the past. Although all three approaches
have yielded industrially viable processes, the latter two are the
most widely used and can be regarded as complementary in many
respects. Despite the progress in structural, computational and
mechanistic studies, however, to date there is no universal recipe
for the optimization of catalytic processes. Thus, a
trial-and-error approach remains predominant in catalyst discovery
and optimization. With the aim of complementing the
well-established fields of homogeneous and enzymatic catalysis,
organocatalysis and artificial metalloenzymes have enjoyed a recent
revival. Artificial metalloenzymes, which are the focus of this
book, result from comb- ing an active but unselective
organometallic moiety with a macromolecular host. Kaiser and
Whitesides suggested the possibility of creating artificial
metallo- zymes as long ago as the late 1970s. However, there was a
widespread belief that proteins and organometallic catalysts were
incompatible with each other. This severely hampered research in
this area at the interface between homogeneous and enzymatic
catalysis. Since 2000, however, there has been a growing interest
in the field of artificial metalloenzymes for enantioselective
catalysis. The current state of the art and the potential for
future development are p- sented in five well-balanced chapters. G.
Roelfes, B. Feringa et al. summarize research relying on DNA as a
macromolecular host for enantioselective catalysis.
1. D.M.P. Mingos, J.E. McGrady, A. L. Rohl Moments of Inertia in
Cluster and Coordination Compounds 2. M. Drillon, J. Darriet
Progress in Polymetallic Exchange-Coupled Systems, Some Examples in
Inorganic Chemistry 3. P. Zanello Stereochemical Aspects Associated
with the Redox Behaviour of Heterometal Carbonyl Clusters 4. R. G.
Denning Electronic Structure and Bonding in Actinyl Ions 5. M.
Evain, R. Brec ANew Approach to Structural Description of Complex
Polyhedra Containing Polychalcogenide Anions 6. E. Brese, M.
O'Keeffe Crystal Chemistry of Inorganic Nitrides
"Imagination and shrewd guesswork are powerful instruments for
acquiring scientific knowledge . . . " 1. H. van't Hoff The last
decades have witnessed a rapid growth of quantum chemistry and a
tremendous increase in the number of very accurate ab initio
calculations of the electronic structure of molecules yielding
results of admirable accuracy. This dramatic progress has opened a
new stage in the quantum mechanical description of matter at the
molecular level. In the first place, highly accurate results
provide severe tests of the quantum mecha nics. Secondly, modern
quantitative computational ab initio methods can be synergetically
combined with various experimen tal techniques thus enabling
precise numerical characterization of molecular properties better
than ever anticipated earlier. However, the role of theory is not
exhausted in disclosing the fundamental laws of Nature and
production of ever increasing sets of data of high accuracy. It has
to provide additionally a means of systematization, recognition of
regularities, and ratio nalization of the myriads of established
facts avoiding in this way complete chaos. Additional problems are
represented by molecular wavefunctions provided by the modern
high-level computational quantum chemistry methods. They involve,
in principle, all the information on molecular system, but they are
so immensely complex that can not be immediately understood in
simple and physically meaningful terms. Both of these aspects,
categorization and interpretation, call for conceptual models which
should be preferably pictorial, transparent, intuitively appealing
and well-founded, being sometimes useful for semi quantitative
purposes."
Organometallic chemistry is a well established research area at the
interface of organic and inorganic chemistry. In recent years this
field has undergone a ren aissance as our understanding of
organometallic structure, properties and mechanism has opened the
way for the design of organometallic compounds and reactions
tailored to the needs of such diverse areas as medicine, biology,
materials and polymer sciences and organic synthesis. For example,
in the de velopment of new catalytic processes, organometallic
chemistry is helping meet the challenge to society that the
economic and environmental necessities of the future pose. As this
field becomes increasingly interdisciplinary, we recognize the need
for critical overviews of new developments that are of broad
significance. This is our goal in starting this new series Topics
in Organometallic Chemistry. The scope of coverage includes a broad
range of topics of pure and applied or ganometallic chemistry,
where new breakthroughs are being achieved that are of significance
to a larger scientific audience. Topics in Organometallic Chemistry
differs from existing review series in that each volume is
thematic, giving an overview of an area that has reached a stage of
maturity such that coverage in a single review article is no longer
possible. Furthermore, the treatment addresses a broad audience of
researchers, who are not specialists in the field, starting at the
graduate student level. Discussion of possible future research
directions in the areas covered by the individual volumes is
welcome."
Metal-ligand interactions are currently being studied in different
fields, from a variety of points of view, and recent progress has
been substantial. Whole new classes of compounds and reactions have
been found; an arsenal of physical methods has been developed;
mechanistic detail can be ascertained to an increasingly minute
degree; and the theory is being developed to handle systems of
ever-growing complexity. As usual, such multidisciplinarity leads
to great opportunities, coupled with great problems of
communication between specialists. It is in its promotion of
interactions across these fields that Metal-Ligand Interactions:
From Atoms, to Clusters, to Surfaces makes its timely contribution:
the tools, both theoretical and experimental, are highly developed,
and fundamental questions remain unanswered. The most fundamental
of these concerns the nature of the microscopic interactions
between metal atoms (clusters, surfaces) and ligands (atoms,
molecules, absorbates, reagents, products) and the changes in these
interactions during physical and chemical transformation. In
Metal-Ligand Interactions, leading experts discuss the following,
vital aspects: ab initio theory, semi-empirical theory, density
functional theory, complexes and clusters, surfaces, and catalysis.
The book highlights some of the important present day roles played
by Main Group Elements as well as their emergent new roles in the
fields of materials science, chemical synthesis and structure, and
biological-cum-environmental aspects. Rarely can one find a single
book on Main Group elements that comprehensively discusses their
impact on fundamental and applied sciences with a multidisciplinary
flavour, while catering for the special interests of a wide
cross-section of readers.
The second edition of this textbook is identical with its fourth
German edi tion and it thus has the same goals: precise definition
of basic phenomena, a broad survey of the whole field, integrated
representation of chemistry, physics, and technology, and a
balanced treatment of facts and comprehen sion. The book thus
intends to bridge the gap between the often oversimpli fied
introductory textbooks and the highly specialized texts and
monographs that cover only parts of macromolecular science. The
text intends to survey the whole field of macromolecular science.
Its organization results from the following considerations. The
chemical structure of macromolecular compounds should be inde
pendent of the method of synthesis, at least in the ideal case.
Part I is thus concerned with the chemical and physical structure
of polymers. Properties depend on structure. Solution properties
are thus discussed in Part II, solid state properties in Part III.
There are other reasons for dis cussing properties before
synthesis: For example, it is difficult to understand equilibrium
polymerization without knowledge of solution thermodynamics, the
gel effect without knowledge of the glass transition temperature,
etc. Part IV treats the principles of macromolecular syntheses and
reactions.
S.C. Singhal and X.-D. Zhou: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.- H. Wang
and H.D. Abruna/: Electrocatalysis of Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells:
Quantitative DEMS Studies.- J. Benziger, A. Bocarsly, M.J. Cheah,
P.Majsztrik, B. Satterfield and Q. Zhao: Mechanical and Transport
Properties of Nafion: Effects of Temperature and Water Activity.-
S. Sachdeva, J. A. Turner, J.L. Horana and A. M. Herring: The Use
of Heteropoly Acids in Proton Exchange Fuel Cells.- M. T. Kelly:
Perspective on the Storage of Hydrogen: Past and Future.-"
Ion-exchange Technology II: Applications presents an overview of
the numerous industrial applications of ion-exchange materials. In
particular, this volume focuses on the use of ion-exchange
materials in various fields including chemical and biochemical
separations, water purification, biomedical science, toxic metal
recovery and concentration, waste water treatment, catalysis,
alcohol beverage, sugar and milk technologies, pharmaceuticals
industry and metallurgical industries. This title is a highly
valuable source not only to postgraduate students and researchers
but also to industrial R&D specialists in chemistry, chemical,
and biochemical technology as well as to engineers and
industrialists.
Ion-exchange Technology I: Theory and Materials describes the
theoretical principles of ion-exchange processes. More
specifically, this volume focuses on the synthesis,
characterization, and modelling of ion-exchange materials and their
associated kinetics and equilibria. This title is a highly valuable
source not only to postgraduate students and researchers but also
to industrial R&D specialists in chemistry, chemical, and
biochemical technology as well as to engineers and industrialists.
It is presently well recognized that total concentrations of trace
elements in any environmental compartment supply insufficient
information to understand important phenomena. The distinction and
separate analysis of specific chemical species are essential for
understanding cycles in the aquatic environment, involving
identification and quantification of sources, transport pathways,
distributions and sinks, or, in the area of interactions between
trace elements and organisms to understand uptake, distribution,
excretion mechanisms and effects. In the past, various ways have
been developed to determine the nature and extent of complexation
of trace elements in natural systems. Approaches have been followed
along very different lines. These have not always been fully
appreciated by specialists working in even related fields of
complexation research. The first International Symposium on the
Complexation of Trace metals in Natural Waters was held at the
Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ, Texel, the
Netherlands from 2-6 May 1983. The scientific programme was planned
by the chief organizers Drs. C.J.M. Kramer and J.C. Duinker (NIOZ)
together with Prof. Dr. H.W. Nurnberg (Kernforschungsanlage,
Julich, Federal Republic of Germany) and Dr. M. Branica (Rudjer
Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia).
1. R.C. Mehrotra, Jaipur, India Present Status and Future Potential
of the Sol-Gel Process 2. J. Fricke, A. Emmerling, Wuerzburg, FRG
Aerogels - Preparation, Properties, Applications 3. S. Sakka, T.
Yoko, Kyoto, Japan Sol-Gel-Derived Coating Films and Applications
4. H. Schmidt, Saarbruecken, FRG Thin Films, the Chemical
Processing up to Gelation 5. M. Henry, J.P. Jolivet, J. Livage,
Paris, France Aqueous Chemistry of Metal Cations: Hydrolysis,
Condensation and Complexation 6. R. Reisfeld, Jerusalem, Israel,
C.K. Joergensen, Geneva, Switzerland Optical Properties of
Colorants or Luminescent Species in Sol-Gel Glasses
Organolithium chemistry occupies a central position in the
selective construction of C-C bonds in both simple and complex
molecules. Paralleling the surge of interest in methods for
asymmetric synthesis, the use of organolithiums in enantioselective
synthesis has witnessed spectacular advances in a little over a
decade. This volume is the first dedicated to a comprehensive
coverage of this important area. It is designed to provide graduate
students and researchers with a rich source of essential
information on synthesising molecules in an enantioselective manner
using organolithiums, and be an inspiration for future
developments. Following an overview chapter summarising the key
milestones, successive chapters, each written by leading experts in
their field, critically survey all the major areas of progress.
Two decades have passed since the original discovery of recoilless
nuclear gamma resonance by Rudolf Mossbauer; the spectroscopic
method based on this resonance effect - referred to as Mossbauer
spectroscopy - has developed into a powerful tool in solid-state
research. The users are chemists, physicists, biologists,
geologists, and scientists from other disciplines, and the spectrum
of problems amenable to this method has become extraordinarily
broad. In the present volume we have confined ourselves to
applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy to the area of transition
elements. We hope that the book will be useful not only to
non-Mossbauer special ists with problem-Oriented activities in the
chemistry and physics of transition elements, but also to those
actively working in the field of Mossbauer spectroscopy on systems
(compounds as well as alloys) of transition elements. The first
five chapters are directed to introducing the reader who is not
familiar with the technique to the principles of the recoilless
nuclear resonance effect, the hyperfme interactions between nuclei
and electronic properties such as electric and magnetic fields,
some essential aspects about measurements, and the evaluation of
Moss bauer spectra. Chapter 6 deals with the interpretation of
Mossbauer parameters of iron compounds. Here we have placed
emphasis on the information about the electronic structure, in
correlation with quantum chemical methods, because of its
importance for chemical bonding and magnetic properties."
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