Fluoropolymers are very unique materials. Since the middle of the twentieth century fluoropolymers have been used in applications where a wide temperature range, a high resistance to aggressive media, excellent tribological characteristics, and specific low adhesion are required. Today, researchers turn to fluoropolymers to solve new challenges and to develop materials with previously unattainable properties. Opportunities for Fluoropolymers: Synthesis, Characterization, Processing, Simulation and Recycling covers recent developments in fluoropolymers, including synthesis of new copolymers, strategies for radical polymerization of fluoromonomers (conventional or controlled; RDRP), and the modification of fluoropolymers to achieve desired material characteristics. This volume in the Progress in Fluorine Science series is ideal for researchers and engineers who want to learn about the synthetic strategies, properties, and recycling of these special polymers, as well as industrial manufacturers who are interested in achieving new product characteristics in their respective industries.

When was radium discovered? Who are Dmitri Mendeleev and Glenn T. Seaborg? Who discovered uranium’s radioactivity? Which element is useful for dating the age of Earth? And why doesn’t gold have a scientific name?

30-Second Elements presents you with the very foundations of chemical knowledge, explaining concisely the 50 most significant chemical elements.

This book uses helpful glossaries and tables to fast track your knowledge of the other 68 elements and the relationships between all of them.

The expanded edition focuses still more on Synthesis discussing necessary requirements for sample preparation and presents the broad range from structural analysis to property investigations. Additional examples of chemical and physical properties are highlighted for metallic, binary and multinary intermetallic compounds. The work contains an up-dated literature overview in all sub-chapters and a detailed formulae index.

A celebrated classic in the field updated and expanded to include the latest computerized calculation techniques

In 1964, James N. Butler published a book in which he presented some simple graphical methods of performing acid-base, solubility, and complex formation equilibrium calculations. Today, both the book and these methods have become standard for generations of students and professionals in fields ranging from environmental science to analytical chemistry. Named a "Citation Classic" by the Science Citation Index in 1990, the book, Ionic Equilibrium, continues to be one of the most widely used texts on the subject. So why tamper with near-perfection by attempting a revision of that classic? The reason is simple— the recent rapid development and wide availability of personal computers.

In the revised Ionic Equilibrium, Dr. Butler updates his 1964 work by abandoning the slide rule and graph paper for the PC spreadsheet. He also expands the original coverage with extensive material on basic principles and recent research.

The first part of Ionic Equilibrium is devoted to the fundamentals of acid-base, solubility, and complex formation equilibria. In the second part, the author discusses oxidation-reduction equilibria, develops the principles of carbon dioxide equilibria, presents case studies demonstrating the ways in which carbon dioxide equilibria are used in physiology and oceanography, and explores the possibility of a pH scale for brines. The concluding chapter, written by David R. Cogley, gives examples of general computer programs that are capable of performing equilibrium calculations on systems of many components.

Replete with real-world examples, details of important calculations, and practical problems, Ionic Equilibrium is an ideal course text for students of environmental chemistry, engineering, or health; analytical chemistry; oceanography; geochemistry; biochemistry; physical chemistry; and clinical chemistry. It is also a valuable working resource for professionals in those fields as well as industrial chemists involved with solution chemistry.

"Modern Charge-Density Analysis" focuses on state-of-the-art methods and applications of electron-density analysis. It is a field traditionally associated with understanding chemical bonding and the electrostatic properties of matter. Recently, it has also been related to predictions of properties and responses of materials (having an organic, inorganic or hybrid nature as in modern materials and bio-science, and used for functional devices or biomaterials).

"Modern Charge-Density Analysis" is inherently multidisciplinary and written for chemists, physicists, crystallographers, material scientists, and biochemists alike. It serves as a useful tool for scientists already working in the field by providing them with a unified view of the multifaceted charge-density world. Additionally, this volume facilitates the understanding of scientists and PhD students planning to enter the field by acquainting them with the most significant and promising developments in this arena.

Written by distinguished researchers in carbon, the long-running "Chemistry and Physics of Carbon" series provides a comprehensive and critical overview of carbon in terms of molecular structure, intermolecular relationships, bulk and surface properties, and their behavior in an amazing variety of current and emerging applications, ranging from nanotechnology to environmental remediation. Volume 30 not only retains the high-quality content and reputation of previous volumes, but also complements them with reliable and timely coverage of the latest advances in the field.

The first chapters analyze progressive approaches to controlling more precisely the structure, morphology, and surface properties of novel activated carbons. They cover methods using activating agents such as alkaline hydroxides as well as endo- and exotemplates made from zeolites, silica, and colloidal crystals. The third chapter examines techniques for characterizing carbon surface chemistry, including electrochemical, spectroscopic, and chromatographic methods. The fourth and final chapter compares the virtues of exfoliated graphite, carbonized fir fibers, carbon fiber felt, and charcoals in solving oil spill problems, a matter of increasing environmental concern.

Emphasizing key experimental results, practical aspects, and cutting-edge applications in every chapter, Volume 30 is a vital resource for those developing new technologies such as drug delivery, adsorbents for oil/chemical spills, materials processing, high-performance nanocarbons, and energy storage and conversion devices, including lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells.

Structural, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Fluorous Compounds, by J.A. Gladysz Selective Fluoroalkylation of Organic Compounds by Tackling the "Negative Fluorine Effect", by W. Zhang, C. Ni and J. Hu Synthetic and Biological Applications of Fluorous Reagents as Phase Tags, by S. Fustero, J. L. Acena and S. Catalan Chemical Applications of Fluorous Reagents and Scavengers, by Marvin S. Yu Fluorous Methods for the Synthesis of Peptides and Oligonucleotides, by B. Miriyala Fluorous Organic Hybrid Solvents for Non-Fluorous Organic Synthesis, by I. Ryu Fluorous Catalysis: From the Origin to Recent Advances, by J.-M. Vincent Fluorous Organocatalysis, by W. Zhang Thiourea Based Fluorous Organocatalyst, by C. Cai Fluoroponytailed Crown Ethers and Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Solid-Liquid Phase Transfer Catalysts in Organic Synthesis, by G. Pozzi and R. H. Fish Fluorous Hydrogenation, by X. Zhao, D. He, L. T. Mika and I. T. Horvath Fluorous Hydrosilylation, by M. Carreira and M. Contel Fluorous Hydroformylation, by X. Zhao, D. He, L.T. Mika and I. Horvath Incorporation of Fluorous Glycosides to Cell Membrane and Saccharide Chain Elongation by Cellular Enzymes, by K. Hatanaka Teflon AF Materials, by H. Zhang and S. G. Weber Ecotoxicology of Organofluorous Compounds, by M. B. Murphy, E. I. H. Loi, K. Y. Kwok and P. K. S. Lam Biology of Fluoro-Organic Compounds, by X.-J. Zhang, T.-B. Lai and R. Y.-C. Kong

Functional, flexible and lightweight products are in high demand for modern technologies ranging from microelectronics to energy storage devices. The majority of polymers are thermal and electrical insulators, which hinder their use in these applications. The conductivity of polymers can be significantly enhanced by the incorporation of conducting inorganic nanoparticles. However, this relies not only on the structure and function of the inorganic particles, but is highly determined by the morphology and dispersion of the nanoparticles, interfacial interactions and fabrication technologies of the composites. This book highlights the synthesis, chemistry and applications of two-dimensional (2D) inorganic nanoplatelets in polymer nanocomposites. Chapters cover technical challenges, such as surface functionalisation, compatibilization, interfacial interaction, dispersion, and manufacturing technologies of the polymer nanocomposites. The book also discusses the applications of these polymer nanocomposites in electronics and energy storage. With contributions from global experts, the book provides a much-needed overview of the field, giving advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and other researchers with a convenient introduction to the topic.

In spite of the apparent simplicity of silica's composition and structure, scientists are still investigating fundamental questions regarding the formation, constitution, and behavior of colloidal silica systems. Colloidal Silica: Fundamentals and Applications introduces new information on colloid science related to silica chemistry as well as theoretical and experimental aspects of significant areas of colloidal silica science and technology. This resource is dedicated to helping researchers find new uses of silica and answers to practical problems as its industrial use continues to grow steadily in traditional and novel areas.

Written by leading silica scientists around the world, this book reflects developments in the field since silica scientist Ralph K. Iler published his authoritative book on silica chemistry in 1979. It discusses properties and methods of characterization, synthesis, and preparation of silica in terms of industrial applications. Following an analysis of the surfacechemistry of various silicas, the book explores methods for measuring particle size and useful characterization techniques for determining structure, stability, and reactivity. The authors then focus on various studies, analytical methods, and current applications involving silica gels and powders, silica coatings, colloidal silica, and sol-gel technology.

Colloidal Silica: Fundamentals and Applications features up-to-date material relating to fields as diverse as catalysis, metallurgy, electronics, glass, ceramics, paper and pulp technology, optics, elastomers, food, health care, and industrial chromatography. It is ideal for scientists interested in silica chemistry and physics as well as thosenot familiar with the subject.

Computational Chemistry, Volume 73, the latest release in the Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series, presents timely and informative summaries on current progress in a variety of subject areas. This acclaimed serial features reviews written by experts in the field, serving as an indispensable reference to advanced researchers that empowers readers to pursue new developments in each field. Users will find this to be a comprehensive overview of recent findings and trends from the last decade that covers various kinds of inorganic topics, from theoretical oriented supramolecular chemistry, to the quest for accurate calculations of spin states in transition metals.

This book deals with the electron density distribution in molecules and solids as obtained experimentally by X-ray diffraction. It is a comprehensive treatment of the methods involved, and the interpretation of the experimental results in terms of chemical bonding and intermolecular interactions. Inorganic and organic solids as well as metals are covered in the chapters dealing with specific systems. Encompassing a broad interface with other physical sciences this book will appeal to researchers in crystallography and chemical physics.

Nitric oxide (NO) has been discovered to play a fundamental role in a number of biological phenomena. This book describes various aspects of nitric oxide biology, physiology and pharmacology. It is divided into three sections. The first part deals with the basic chemistry and enzymology of NO, thus laying a molecular basis for what follows. The middle part surveys the physiological roles of NO under normal conditions. The concluding part explores the relevance of NO to disease, both as a pathogenic factor and a therapeutic target. The book thus provides detailed information on NO biology to the reader unfamiliar with the field and represents a reference work for scientists working in an NO-related field of biomedical research. Each chapter, written by experts in their fields, gives a broad introduction followed by a comprehensive review of the current knowledge and a detailed reference list.

Water is the most every day of substances. It pours from our taps and falls from the sky. We drink it, wash with it, and couldn't live without it. Yet, on closer examination it is also a very strange substance (it is one of only a very small number of molecules which expand when cooled). Look closer again and water reveals itself as a key to a scientific story on the biggest of canvases. Water is crucial to our survival - life depends on it - but it was also fundamental in the origins of life on Earth. The millions of gallons of water which make up our rivers, lakes and oceans, originated in outer space. How it arrived here and how those molecules of water were formed, is a story which takes us back to the beginning of the universe. Indeed, we know more about the depths of space than we do about the furthest reaches of the oceans. Water has also shaped the world we live in. Whether it is by gently carving the Grand Canyon over millennia, or in shaping how civilisations were built; we have settled our cities along rivers and coasts. Scientific studies show how we feel calmer and more relaxed when next to water. We holiday by the seas and lakes. Yet one day soon wars may be fought over access to water. The Water Book will change the way you look at water. After reading it you will be able to hold a glass of water up to the light and see within it a strange molecule that connects you to the origins of life, the birth (and death) of the universe, and to everyone who ever lived.

This book cuts across the divisions of organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry. It describes new methods for creating -conjugated porphyrin oligomers with precisely defined sequences of zinc and copper metal cations, and how EPR spectroscopy was used to investigate the dipolar and exchange coupling between the paramagnetic copper(II) centres. Porphyrins are a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic compounds that play an important role in our everyday life and can for example be found in blood where they form a red complex with iron (haem). Various metallic elements can be inserted into a porphyrin and changing the coordinated metal is an excellent way to influence the chemical and physical properties of these molecules. Focusing on 3 metals - zinc, magnesium and copper - the author established new methods for creating -conjugated porphyrin oligomers and lastly presents the synthesis and investigation of two novel porphyrin nanoballs. Giving the template-directed strategy the author developed for constructing these molecules, this work could provide access to other related nano-cages.

Instant Notes titles focus on core information and are designed to help undergraduate students come to grips with a subject quickly and easily. Instant Notes in Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition has been fully updated and new material added on recent developments in noble-gas chemistry and the synthesis, reactions and characterization of inorganic compounds. New chapters cover the classification of inorganic reaction types concentrating on those useful in synthesis; techniques used in characterizing compounds, including elemental analysis; spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR) and structure determination by X-ray crystallography; and the factors involved in choosing appropriate solvents for synthetic reactions. The new edition continues to provide concise, comprehensive coverage of inorganic chemistry at an undergraduate level, offering easy access to all important areas of inorganic chemistry in a format which is ideal for learning and rapid revision.

The Chemistry and Physics of Carbon series presents advances in carbon research and development and comprehensive reviews on the state of the science in all these areas. Building on the tradition of its highly acclaimed predecessors, Volume 28 of this series presents authoritative, interdisciplinary coverage of contemporary topics. With contributions by leading international experts and more than 1300 references, this indispensable volume discusses the structure of glassy carbon, carbon fibers, carbon black (soot), chars, spherulitic graphite in cast iron and naturally occurring forms of carbon; and structural similarities with fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanoparticles.

This book gives an overview on the fundamentals and recent developments in the field of luminescent materials. Starting from the definitions and properties of phosphors, novel application areas as well as spectroscopic methods for characterization will be described. The reader will benefit from the vast knowledge of the authors with backgrounds in industry as well as academia.

The analogy between the chemistry of molecular transition metal clusters and the processes of chemisorption and catalysis at metal surfaces (the Cluster Surface analogy) has for a number of years provided an interplay between experimental and theoretical inorganic and physical chemists. This collaborative approach has borne fruit in the use of well-defined modes of metal-ligand bonding in discrete molecular clusters, models for metal-ligand binding on surfaces. Some of the key topics discussed in this book are: mechanisms of the fluxional behaviour in clusters in the liquid phase and the connections with diffusion processes on extended surfaces, and the role of metal-metal bond breaking in diffusion; analogies in the structure of chemisorbed species and related ligands on metallic clusters; analogies between benzene surface chemistry on extended metal surfaces and on metal surfaces in molecular cluster compounds with particular reference to structural distortions; and the role of mobile precursors for dissociation of chemisorption on extended metals and on clusters.

In the early nineteenth century chemists knew of the existence of ninety-two chemical elements, from Hydrogen to Uranium. For nearly forty years scientists thought they knew the content of our planet and all of its contents. In the late 1930s the world of chemical science began to discover elements beyond Uranium - the 'transuranics'. These new, super-heavy elements are probably not found in nature at all but can be detected, if only for a few fractions of a second, in precisely designed experiments using powerful nuclear tools. On Beyond Uranium: Journey to the End of the Periodic Table is full of exciting new concepts and tells the story of the author's quest to discover elements never before known to man.

The renowned Oxford Chemistry Primers series, which provides focused introductions to a range of important topics in chemistry, has been refreshed and updated to suit the needs of today's students, lecturers, and postgraduate researchers. The rigorous, yet accessible, treatment of each subject area is ideal for those wanting a primer in a given topic to prepare them for more advanced study or research. The learning features provided, including questions at the end of every chapter encourage active learning and promote understanding. Furthermore, frequent diagrams, margin notes, and glossary definitions all help to enhance a student's understanding of these essential areas of chemistry. d-Block Chemistry provides a succinct introduction to the field of transition metal chemistry, assuming little prior knowledge, and giving students a clear conceptual overview of the wide variety of d-block metal complexes. The text is enhanced throughout by numerous bespoke line diagrams and three-dimensional structures, enabling the reader to visualise these important inorganic compounds. Online Resource Centre The Online Resource Centre to accompany d-Block Chemistry features: For registered adopters of the text: * Figures from the book available to download For students: * Answers to the end-of-chapter exercises

The volumes in this continuing series provide a compilation of current techniques and ideas in inorganic synthetic chemistry. Includes inorganic polymer syntheses and preparation of important inorganic solids, syntheses used in the development of pharmacologically active inorganic compounds, small-molecule coordination complexes, and related compounds. Also contains valuable information on transition organometallic compounds including species with metal-metal cluster molecules. All syntheses presented here have been tested.

Chemical structure and bonding. The scope of the series spans the entire Periodic Table and addresses structure and bonding issues associated with all of the elements. It also focuses attention on new and developing areas of modern structural and theoretical chemistry such as nanostructures, molecular electronics, designed molecular solids, surfaces, metal clusters and supramolecular structures. Physical and spectroscopic techniques used to determine, examine and model structures fall within the purview of Structure and Bonding to the extent that the focus is on the scientific results obtained and not on specialist information concerning the techniques themselves. Issues associated with the development of bonding models and generalizations that illuminate the reactivity pathways and rates of chemical processes are also relevant. The individual volumes in the series are thematic. The goal of each volume is to give the reader, whether at a university or in industry, a comprehensive overview of an area where new insights are emerging that are of interest to a larger scientific audience.

Twenty years ago author Kurt Stern produced four monographs for the National Bureau of Standards on the high-temperature properties of inorganic salts containing oxyanions. Although relied upon by scientists and engineers around the world, these monographs have now become increasingly difficult to access and increasingly outdated. High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions unifies, expands upon, and brings up-to-date those standard-setting documents. It offers both qualitative and quantitative information on the behavior and properties of approximately 300 compounds, complete with thermodynamic tables of decomposition equilibria and information regarding decomposition kinetics. For each class of compounds, an existence chart in the form of a periodic table tells you at a glance which compounds are known to exist, those whose existence is uncertain, and those about which nothing is known. Supplementary tables give information about phase transitions and densities in both solid and liquid phases. Within this single volume, the author provides a comprehensive, critical review of the high-temperature properties of all the major classes of inorganic salts with oxyanions. If you work with materials or processes that involve salts at elevated temperatures, you now have an authoritative resource that obviates the need to perform extensive literature searches, data evaluations, and thermodynamic calculations-and saves you time.