The precipitation of metal oxides from aqueous solutions creates nanoparticles with interesting solid state properties, thus building a bridge between solution chemistry and solid state chemistry. This book is the first monograph to deal with the formation of metal oxides from aqueous solutions with emphasis on the formation and physical chemistry of nanoparticles.

Metal Oxide Chemistry and Synthesis: From Solution to Solid State

• Provides a comprehensive introduction to the synthesis of finely divided materials
• Presents the chemistry, physics and applications of these materials
• Builds a bridge between classical solution chemistry and new developments in solid state chemistry
• Introduces an important new area in inorganic chemistry

Part II is devoted to the surface chemistry of oxide particles. The basic concepts relating to the reactivity of the oxide-solution interface are introduced and applied to various adsorption phenomena, such as aggregation, stability of particle size against ripening, etc. These properties are exploited for the synthesis of nanomaterials for a broad range of applictions such as ceramic powders, catalysts and nanocomposites. This will also be of interest to those wishing to understand geochemical and some biological processes.

As well as being invaluable to researchers and postgraduate students of inorganic chemistry, this book will also be appreciated by solid-state chemists, materials scientists and colloid chemists with an interest in metal oxides.

For the first time the discipline of modern inorganic chemistry has been systematized according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consultants, among them three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube and G. Wilkinson).
Rather than producing a collection of unrelated review articles, the series creates a framework which reflects the creative potential of this scientific discipline. Thus, it stimulates future development by identifying areas which are fruitful for further research.
The work is indexed in a unique way by a structured system which maximizes its usefulness to the reader. It augments the organization of the work by providing additional routes of access for specific compounds, reactions and other topics.

Over the last decade, increased attention to reaction dynamics, combined with the intensive application of computers in chemical studies, mathematical modeling of chemical processes, and mechanistic studies has brought graph theory to the forefront of research. It offers an advanced and powerful formalism for the description of chemical reactions and their intrinsic reaction mechanisms. Chemical Reaction Networks: A Graph-Theoretical Approach elegantly reviews and expands upon graph theory as applied to mechanistic theory, chemical kinetics, and catalysis. The authors explore various graph-theoretical approaches to canonical representation, numbering, and coding of elementary steps and chemical reaction mechanisms, the analysis of their topological structure, the complexity estimation, and classification of reaction mechanisms. They discuss topologically distinctive features of multiroute catalytic and noncatalytic and chain reactions involving metal complexes. With it's careful balance of clear language and mathematical rigor, the presentation of the authors' significant original work, and emphasis on practical applications and examples, Chemical Reaction Networks: A Graph Theoretical Approach is both an outstanding reference and valuable tool for chemical research.

This book provides insights into the mechanisms of primary carbonization, discusses changes in the thermal-mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composites due to stress effects. It describes factors that result in the acceleration of the graphitization process.

Volume 44, devoted solely to the vital research areas concerning the biogeochemistry of metals and their transport in the environment and availability to living systems, offers 9 timely and authoritative chapters on these fascinating topics by 19 internationally recognized experts.

The use of silver as an antibacterial agent has been known for thousands of years. This effect can be amplified by simply reducing the size of silver particles to the nanoscale, with an added advantage of reduction in cost and toxicity. Application of silver nanoparticles to textiles can bring considerable advantages, especially for materials that cannot be washed daily or medical support materials. This book describes a novel synthesis method that the author calls "in situ," in which these nanoparticles are obtained directly on materials. The method is simple and easy to apply and can also be considered green because the reducing agent involved is ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C. It neither requires special modifications in the industrial equipment nor special pressure or temperature conditions. It can be used to grow other metals or metal oxides on a material. The book showcases studies carried out on silver nanoparticles by the author over several years, not only in terms of the synthesis but also the morphological characterization of the substrate to which they were applied. It exhibits SEM images displaying the homogeneity of the silver coating, highlighting that sometimes the simplest way is the best way.

For the first time the discipline of modern inorganic chemistry has been systematized according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consultants, among them three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube and G. Wilkinson).
Rather than producing a collection of unrelated review articles, the series creates a framework which reflects the creative potential of this scientific discipline. Thus, it stimulates future development by identifying areas which are fruitful for further research.
The work is indexed in a unique way by a structured system which maximizes its usefulness to the reader. It augments the organization of the work by providing additional routes of access for specific compounds, reactions and other topics.

As 2019 has been declared the International Year of the Periodic Table, it is appropriate that Structure and Bonding marks this anniversary with two special volumes. In 1869 Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleev first proposed his periodic table of the elements. He is given the major credit for proposing the conceptual framework used by chemists to systematically inter-relate the chemical properties of the elements. However, the concept of periodicity evolved in distinct stages and was the culmination of work by other chemists over several decades. For example, Newland's Law of Octaves marked an important step in the evolution of the periodic system since it represented the first clear statement that the properties of the elements repeated after intervals of 8. Mendeleev's predictions demonstrated in an impressive manner how the periodic table could be used to predict the occurrence and properties of new elements. Not all of his many predictions proved to be valid, but the discovery of scandium, gallium and germanium represented sufficient vindication of its utility and they cemented its enduring influence. Mendeleev's periodic table was based on the atomic weights of the elements and it was another 50 years before Moseley established that it was the atomic number of the elements, that was the fundamental parameter and this led to the prediction of further elements. Some have suggested that the periodic table is one of the most fruitful ideas in modern science and that it is comparable to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, proposed at approximately the same time. There is no doubt that the periodic table occupies a central position in chemistry. In its modern form it is reproduced in most undergraduate inorganic textbooks and is present in almost every chemistry lecture room and classroom. This first volume provides chemists with an account of the historical development of the Periodic Table and an overview of how the Periodic Table has evolved over the last 150 years. It also illustrates how it has guided the research programmes of some distinguished chemists.

Covering fundamental research as well as real-world applications, this first book on CMAs at an introductory level treats everything from atomistic details to surface processing. Comprehensive, self-contained chapters provide readers with the latest knowledge on the most salient features of the topic, selected in terms of their relevance to potential technological applications. Edited by one of the most distinguished authorities on quasicrystals and this most important of their subclasses, the contributions elucidate aspects of CMAs from a particular viewpoint: physical and chemical characteristics in the sub-nanometer regime, mesoscale phenomena, preparation and processing of thin films, and large-scale engineering properties. The whole is rounded off by a look at the commercial potential of CMA-based applications.
For PhD students and lecturers alike.

Presents the latest developments on the interaction of metal complexes with nucleic acids, the building blocks of life. Bioinorganic chemistry is a highly interdisciplinary area of research and is of great interest to scientists working in the fields of coordination chemistry, biochemistry, supramolecular chemistry, nanotechnology, computational chemistry, and inorganic chemistry in general. Includes the latest research in DNA recognition by supramolecular metal complexes. Describes the applications of this exciting area of research in metal-nucleic acid chemistry.

Coordination compounds have been well-known for their wide variety of applications for over a century, as well as enhancing the researcher's interest and concern in evaluating their action mechanism. It is certainly one of the most intensely discussed research topics. Coordination compounds involve different metal-ion-ligand phenomenon. The involved metal ions play a significant role in structural association and functioning of several processes in the genetic and metabolism system. In recent years, Schiff base ligands have gained significant interest and received a keen interest of many researchers. Schiff's base ligands have been recognized to hold a wide variety of biological and medicinal activities due to the presence of donor atoms. They have proved exceptional pharmalogical actions such as antimicrobial, anti-tuberclosis, antiplatelet, antidiabetic, antiarthritis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antimalarial, and analgesic. These biologically active Schiff base ligands have also been shown to inhibit enzyme mobilization and, when bound to a metal ion, exhibit enhanced biological activity, making them useful in a number of fields. As a result, metal complexes of Schiff base ligands are gaining popularity due to their unique properties and functionalities. Schiff base complex-based research for educational and industrial purposes is booming, and the number of publications is gradually increasing. Despite these interests, there is currently no detailed book on Schiff base metal complexes that covers the structures, biological activities, and other non-biological perspectives. This book delves into the structures of Schiff base metal complexes, which are critical in assessing the biological viability of any complex. It also highlights their biological significance in pharma and drug discovery like antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis, anti-diabetic, antioxidants, anti-proliferative, antitumor, anticancer, antiviral. The fundamentals of metal complexes are described, as well as an up-to-date outline of developments in synthesis, characterization methods, properties- chemical, thermal, optical, structural, and applications. This book also discusses the other applications of Schiff base metal complexes: as sensor (luminescent, electrochemical, and biosensor), as pigments in dying and paint industries, as photocatalyst to improve the degradation rate. Features : This book would be useful for academia, researchers and engineers working in the area of Schiff base and their metal complexes. This book will give an in-depth account of the properties of Schiff base and their metal complexes. This book will discuss the details of synthesis methods for Schiff base and their metal complexes. This book will cover emerging trends in the use of Schiff base metal complexes in the industry. This book will provide an overview of the wider biological applications of Schiff base metal complexes

Volume 39: Molybdenum and Tungsten: Their Roles in Biological Processes is devoted soley to the vital research area on molybdenum and tungsten and their role in biology. It offers a comprehensive and timely account of this fascinating topic by 40 distinguished international authorities. Topics include: transport, homeostasis, regulation and binding of molybdate and tungstate to proteins, crystallographic characterization, coordination of complexes, and biosynthesis.

Transition metal carbonyl clusters (TMCCs) continue to inspire great interest in chemical research, as much for their fascinating structures as for potential industrial applications conferred by their unique properties. This highly accessible book introduces the bonding, structure, spectroscopic properties, and characterization of clusters, and then explores their synthesis, reactivity, reaction mechanisms and use in organic synthesis and catalysis. Transition Metal Carbonyl Cluster Chemistry describes models and rules that correlate cluster structure with electron count, which are then applied in worked examples. Subsequent chapters explain how bonding relates to molecular structure, demonstrate the use of spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, IR and MS in cluster chemistry, and outline the factors contributing to the stability, dynamics and reactivity of clusters. The second part of this book discusses the synthesis and applications of TMCCs. It emphasizes the differences between the reactivities of clusters vs. mononuclear metal complexes, contingent to the availability of multiple-bonding sites and heterosite reactivity. The final chapters discuss reactions in which clusters act as homogeneous catalysts; including discussion on the use of solid and biphasic liquid-liquid supported clusters in heterogeneous catalysts. A useful reference for those commencing further research or post-graduate study on metal carbonyl clusters and advanced organometallic chemistry, this book is also a cornerstone addition to academic and libraries as well as private collections.

Fundamental QSARs for Metal Ions describes the basic and essential applications of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for regulatory or industrial scientists who need to predict metal ion bioactivity. It includes 194 QSARs that have been used to predict metal ion toxicity and 86 QSARs that have been used to predict metal ion bioconcentration, biosorption, and binding. It is an excellent sourcebook for academic, industrial, and government scientists and policy makers, and provides a wealth of information on the biological and chemical activities of metal ions as they impact health and the environment. Fundamental QSARs for Metal Ions was designed for regulatory and regulated organizations that need to use QSARs to predict metal ion bioactivity, as they now do for organic chemicals. It has the potential to eliminate resources to test the toxicity of metal ions or to promulgate regulations that require toxicity testing of metal ions because the book illustrates how to construct QSARs to predict metal ion toxicity. In addition, the book: Provides a historical perspective and introduction to developing QSARs for metal ions Explains the electronic structures and atomic parameters of metals essential to understanding differences in chemical properties that influence cation toxicity, bioconcentration, biosorption, and binding Describes the chemical properties of metals that are used to develop QSARs for metal ions Illustrates the descriptors needed to develop metal ion-ligand binding QSARs Discusses 280 QSARs for metal ions Explains the differences between QSARs for metal ions and Biotic Ligand Models Lists the regulatory limits of metals and provides examples of regulatory applications Illustrates how to construct QSARs for metal ions Dr. John D. Walker is the winner of the 2013 SETAC Government Service Award.

The Chemistry and Physics of Carbon series presents advances in carbon research and development and comprehensive reviews on the state of the science in all these areas. Building on the tradition of its highly acclaimed predecessors, Volume 28 of this series presents authoritative, interdisciplinary coverage of contemporary topics. With contributions by leading international experts and more than 1300 references, this indispensable volume discusses the structure of glassy carbon, carbon fibers, carbon black (soot), chars, spherulitic graphite in cast iron and naturally occurring forms of carbon; and structural similarities with fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanoparticles.

Boron has all the best tunes. That may well be the first impression of the Group 13 elements. The chemical literature fosters the impression not only in the primary journals, but also in asteady outflowofbooks focussing more or less closely on boron and its compounds. The same preoccupation with boron is apparent in the coverage received by the Group 13 elements in the comprehensive and regularly updated volume of the Gmelin Handbook. Yet such an imbalance cannot be explained by any inherent lack ofvariety, interest or consequence in the 'heavier elements. Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust; in the industrialised world the metal is second only to iron in its usage, and its compounds can justifiably be said to touch our lives daily - to the potential detriment of those and other lives, some would argue. From being chemical curios, gallium and indium have now gained considerably prominence as sources of compound semiconductors like gallium arsenide and indium antimonide. Nor is there any want ofincident in the chemistriesofthe heavier Group 13 elements. In their redox, coordination and structural properties, there is to be found music indeed, notable not always for its harmony but invariably for its richness and variety. Thisbook seeks to redress the balance with a definitive, wide-rangingand up-to-date review of the chemistry of the Group 13 metals aluminium, gallium, indium and thallium.

Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on earth. In solution, cellulose derivatives can form liquid crystals which take on characteristics of the solid state with unique optical and physico-mechanical properties. The author presents an overview of modern developments in the physical chemistry of solutions of cellulose and its derivatives. Physical Chemistry of Non-aqueous Solutions of Cellulose and Its Derivatives discusses:
* how experimental data and computer simulation can give insight into the factors which influence the interaction of solvent and solute
* how phase transitions in solution can be predicted from the solvency of non aqueous solvents for oellulose and its derivatives
* the methods for obtaining thermodynamic parameters for solvation in non-aqueous solvents
* the rheological properties of lyotropic liquid crystals.
The Wiley Series in Solution Chemistry fills the increasing need to present authoritative comprehensive and fully up-to-date accounts of the many aspects of solution chemistry. Internationally recognized experts from research or teaching institutions in various countries are invited to contribute to the series.

First to review nanoscale self-assembly employing such a wide variety of methods

Covers a wide variety physical, chemical and biological systems, phenomena, and applications

First overviews of nanotube biotechnology and bimetallic nanoparticles

Optical Spectroscopy of Lanthanides: Magnetic and Hyperfine Interactions represents the sixth and final book by the late Brian Wybourne, an accomplished pioneer in the spectroscopy of rare earth ions, and Lidia Smentek, a leading theoretical physicist in the field. The book provides a definitive and up-to-date theoretical description of spectroscopic properties of lanthanides doped in various materials. The book integrates computer-assisted calculations developed since Wybourne's classic publication on the topic. It contains useful Maple (TM) routines, discussions, and new aspects of the theory of f-electron systems. Establishing a unified basis for understanding state-of-the-art applications and techniques used in the field, the book reviews fundamentals based on Wybourne's graduate lectures, which include the theory of nuclei, the theory of angular momentum, Racah algebra, and effective tensor operators. It then describes magnetic and hyperfine interactions and their impact on the energy structure and transition amplitudes of the lanthanide ions. The text culminates with a relativistic description of f f electric and magnetic dipole transitions, covering sensitized luminescence and a new parametrization scheme of f-spectra. Optical Spectroscopy of Lanthanides enables scientists to construct accurate and reliable theoretical models to elucidate lanthanides and their properties. This text is ideal for exploring a range of lanthanide applications including electronic data storage, lasers, superconductors, medicine, nuclear engineering, and nanomaterials.

The chemistry of metals has traditionally been more understood than that of its oxides. As catalytic applications continue to grow in a variety of disciplines, Metal Oxides: Chemistry and Applications offers a timely account of transition-metal oxides (TMO), one of the most important classes of metal oxides, in the context of catalysis. The first part of the book examines the crystal and electronic structure, stoichiometry and composition, redox properties, acid-base character, and cation valence states, as well as new approaches to the preparation of ordered TMO with extended structure of texturally defined systems. The second part compiles some practical aspects of TMO applications in materials science, chemical sensing, analytical chemistry, solid-state chemistry, microelectronics, nanotechnology, environmental decontamination, and fuel cells. The book examines many types of reactions - such as dehydration, reduction, selective oxidations, olefin metathesis, VOC removal, photo- and electrocatalysis, and water splitting - to elucidate how chemical composition and optical, magnetic, and structural properties of oxides affect their surface reactivity in catalysis. Drawing insight from leading international experts, Metal Oxides: Chemistry and Applications is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary reference for researchers that may also be used by newcomers as a guide to the field.

Metallic systems are ubiquitous in daily life. They play key roles, for example, in the chemistry of many biomolecules, ionic solutions, nanoparticles, and catalytic processes. They may be in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. The interactions of other molecules with metal surfaces are of considerable importance. Each of these topics is addressed in Metallic Systems. As we have entered the age where theoretical approaches are sufficiently mature to complement and guide experiments in many areas, an understanding of the theoretical tools and approaches to studying metallic systems is essential. Metallic Systems is concerned with enhancing our understanding of the diverse chemistry of metals and metal-containing systems and the applicability of modern quantum chemistry methodologies to study them. Metallic Systems presents brief overviews of most of the popular approaches to quantum chemical treatments and computations of chemical systems that include metals. Attention is given to the potentialities and limitations of first principles Density Functional Theory and dynamics methods (e.g. QM/MM approaches). The book emphasizes the importance of using methods that take into account crucial physical features such as explicit solvation, temperature and dynamics of metal-containing systems. It emphasizes first principles calculations in providing reliable and detailed information concerning electronic structures, mechanisms, and reaction energetics. Accessible to newcomers to the field, Metallic Systems overviews theory underpinning current methodologies. It presents a practical set of modalities for studying metallic systems, assesses current technological barriers, and examines future challenges and topics of exploration.

The aim of this series is to provide authoritative reviews in the rapidly expanding area of bioinorganic chemistry. The series will present "state of the art" reviews covering the whole field of bioinorganic chemistry.
The present volume is the fourth in the series and covers the topics: lithium in biology, the structure and function of ceroplasmin, rhenium complexes in nuclear medicine, the anti-HIV activity of macrocyclic polyamines and their metal complexes for dinuclear phosphoesterase enzymes.

For the first time the discipline of modern inorganic chemistry has been systematized according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consultants, among them three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube and G. Wilkinson). Rather than producing a collection of unrelated review articles, the series creates a framework which reflects the creative potential of this scientific discipline. Thus, it stimulates future development by identifiying areas which are fruitful for further research. The work is indexed in a unique way by a structured system which maximizes its usefulness to the reader. It augments the organization of the work by providing additional routes of access for specific compounds, reactions and other topics.

Inorganic Reactions and Methods systemizes the discipline of modern inorganic chemistry according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consults that include three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube, and G. Wilkinson). Rather than producing a collection of unrelated review articles, this series creates a framework that reflects the creative potential of this scientific discipline. In a clear, concise, and highly organized manner, it provides an in-depth treatment of bond formation reactions categorized by element type. The series covers all areas of inorganic chemistry including chemistry of the elements, coordination compounds, donor-acceptor adducts, organometallic, polymer and solid-state material, and compounds relevant to bioinorganic chemistry. A unique index system provides users with several fast options for accessing information on forming any bond type, compound, or reaction. Coverage of both classical chemistry and the frontiers of today's research make this series a valuable reference for years to come.

For the first time the discipline of modern inorganic chemistry has been systematized according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consultants, among them three Nobel laureates (E.O. Fischer, H. Taube and G. Wilkinson).
Rather than producing a collection of unrelated review articles, the series creates a framework which reflects the creative potential of this scientific discipline. Thus, it stimulates future development by identifying areas which are fruitful for further research.
The work is indexed in a unique way by a structured system which maximizes its usefulness to the reader. It augments the organization of the work by providing additional routes of access for specific compounds, reactions and other topics.