This timely publication will be welcomed by those needing access to the latest research in the profitable field of industrial mineral process chemistry. It is an up-to-date account of the performance gains achievable in the use of speciality chemicals in industrial mineral processing and products, with each chapter presenting the new and potentially valuable technology for consideration. This book presents the most recent research in this key area and is unique in its coverage. Diverse topics such as dispersants, dewatering and flocculants, are discussed, along with selective processing and biocides. Speciality Chemicals in Mineral Processing is an essential purchase for speciality chemical producers and users, particularly those in the paper, plastic, polymer, paint, rubber, adhesive and ceramic industries.

The unexpected recent discovery and synthesis of a new form of elemental carbon has initiated an abundance of papers on all aspects of the chemistry and physics of the carbon family. Carbon Molecules and Materials takes stock of the current understanding of these various solid forms and, more particularly, of the diamond, graphite and fullerenes. After a historical background on the main properties of the element and on the latest discoveries in the field of fullerene, the chapters review the chemical and physical aspects of the allotropic forms. It describes the various properties such as thermodynamic, chemical, structural, electronic, electrical, optical and magnetic, and discusses current and potential applications. Written by scientists active in physical and chemical research on the various forms of carbon and closely related fields, the book presents a wealth of information on data and results for students and researchers interested in materials science and in the applications of advanced materials.

This book contains the contributions of 13 well known specialists in the field of solid state chemistry who had been invited as lecturers at a 1992 NATO Advanced Study Institute in Erice, Sicily. The chapters of a more general character concern the use of the space group - subgroup relationships for the recognition of structure families, the crystal chemical formulae (which is a way of denoting simple crystal chemical information in a condensed form), the concepts of atom co-ordination, atom volume and charge transfer and the physicist's view of the bond strength in the solid which is measured by the crystal orbital overlap population. It is demonstrated for the case of ionic compounds that the bond valence method is superior to the old sum-of-radii method for the prediction of interatomic distances. Simple valence electron rules can be applied fto compounds with tetrahedral anion complexes. These rules allow one not only to make predictions on expected structural features of unknown compounds, but also to point out inconsistencies between the reported structure and composition of known compounds. Detailed accounts are presented on the crystal chemistry of the superconducting copper oxides, the sulfosalts, the metal cluster compounds, the silicates and the transition metal borides and related compounds. In the case of intermetalic compounds the intergrowth concept is found to be very useful for an "understanding" of complicated atom arrangements. At the end of each chapter there can be found problems and their solutions. This makes it possible for (advanced) undergraduates in chemistry, physics, metallurgy, materials science and mineralogy to be able to profit from a study of this book.

"Written as a complement to the definitive work selenium in the Environment (Marcel Dekker, Inc.). Presents basic and the most recent applied research developments in selenium remediation-emphasizing field investigations as well as covering topics from analytical methods and modeling to regulatory aspects from federal and state perspectives. "

With contributions from world-renowned experts in the field, this book explores developments in the transport kinetics, seasonal cycling, accumulation, geochemistry, transformation, and toxicology of arsenic. It details advances in the prevention and control of arsenic and arsenic compounds in the air, soil, and water and offers analytical methods for the detection and study of arsenic in the environment and human body. Providing bioremediation techniques for effective treatment of contaminated water supplies, the book discusses factors that influence the removal of arsenic from water as well as diurnal and seasonal variations in the arsenic concentration of surface water supplies.

Coordination chemistry, as we know it today, has been shaped by major figures from the past, one of whom was Joseph Chatt. Beginning with a description of Chatt's career presented by co-workers, contemporaries and students, this fascinating book then goes on to show how many of today's leading practitioners in the field, working in such diverse areas as phosphines, hydrogen complexes, transition metal complexes and nitrogen fixation, have been influenced by Chatt. The reader is then brought right up-to-date with the inclusion of some of the latest research on these topics, all of which serves to underline Chatt's continuing legacy. Intended as a permanent record of Chatt's life, work and influence, this book will be of interest to lecturers, graduate students, researchers and science historians.

This publication presents cleaning and etching solutions, their applications, and results on inorganic materials. It is a comprehensive collection of etching and cleaning solutions in a single source. Chemical formulas are presented in one of three standard formats - general, electrolytic or ionized gas formats - to insure inclusion of all necessary operational data as shown in references that accompany each numbered formula. The book describes other applications of specific solutions, including their use on other metals or metallic compounds. Physical properties, association of natural and man-made minerals, and materials are shown in relationship to crystal structure, special processing techniques and solid state devices and assemblies fabricated. This publication also presents a number of organic materials which are widely used in handling and general processing...waxes, plastics, and lacquers for example. It is useful to individuals involved in study, development, and processing of metals and metallic compounds. It is invaluable for readers from the college level to industrial R & D and full-scale device fabrication, testing and sales. Scientific disciplines, work areas and individuals with great interest include: chemistry, physics, metallurgy, geology, solid state, ceramic and glass, research libraries, individuals dealing with chemical processing of inorganic materials, societies and schools.

This book provides a collection of contributed chapters, delivering a comprehensive overview of topics related to the synthesis and crystal growth of nitride compounds under supercritical ammonia conditions. Focusing on key chemical and technological aspects of ammonothermal synthesis and growth of functional nitride compounds, the book also describes many innovative techniques for in-situ observation and presents new data fundamental for materials synthesis under ammonothermal conditions. With its detailed coverage of many thermodynamic and kinetics aspects, which are necessary for understanding and controlling crystal growth, this contributed volume is the ideal companion to materials chemists and engineers at any point in their journey in this rich and exciting field.

Volume 1 of this work presents theory and methods to study the structure of condensed matter on different time scales. The authors cover the structure analysis by X-ray diffraction methods from crystalline to amorphous materials, from static-relaxed averaged structures to short-lived electronically excited structures, including detailed descriptions of the time-resolved experimental methods. Complementary, an overview of the theoretical description of condensed matter by static and time-dependent density functional theory is given, starting from the fundamental quantities that can be obtained by these methods through to the recent challenges in the description of time dependent phenomena such as optical excitations. Contents Static structural analysis of condensed matter: from single-crystal to amorphous DFT calculations of solids in the ground state TDDFT, excitations, and spectroscopy Time-resolved structural analysis: probing condensed matter in motion Ultrafast science

This reference explores the sources, characteristics, bioeffects, and health hazards of extremely low-frequency (ELF) fields and radio frequency radiation (RFR), analyzing current research as well as the latest epidemiological studies to assess potential risks associated with exposure and to develop effective safety guidelines. Compiles reports and investigations from four decades of study on the effect of nonionizing electromagnetic fields and radiation on human health Summarizing modern engineering approaches to control exposure, Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation discusses: -EM interaction mechanisms in biological systems -Explorations into the impact of EM fields on free radicals, cells, tissues, organs, whole organisms, and the population -Regulatory standards in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia Pacific -Evaluation of incident fields from various EM sources -Measurement surveys for various sites including power lines, substations, mobile systems, cellular base stations, broadcast antennas, traffic radar devices, heating equipment, and other sources -Dosimetry techniques for the determination of internal EM fields -Conclusions reached by the Food and Drug Administration, World Health Organization, and other institutions

Hydrometallurgy is a field of chemical technology concerned with the production of metals from their ores and secondary sources. Modern hydrometallurgy began with the need to obtain uranium in the 1940s and extended into new areas with the development of pressure hydrometallurgy in the mid-1950s and acceptance of solvent extraction as an industrial scale process for copper production in the late 1960s to early 1970s. With the introduction of new processes for many metals, the present stage of development of hydrometallurgy has come to maturity and a survey of the current state of the field is timely.This book is derived from the lectures on the principles on which hydrometallurgical processes are based, given as part of the undergraudate and MSc courses in hydrometallurgy which Professor A R Burkin gave from 1961 until he retired in 1988.Professor Burkin's earlier book, The Chemistry of Hydrometallurgical Processes, was regarded as the major work in the field. This is his long awaited new textbook.

Most fields of science, applied science, engineering, and technology deal with solutions in water. This volume is a comprehensive treatment of the aqueous solution chemistry of all the elements. The information on each element is centered around an E-pH diagram which is a novel aid to understanding. The contents are especially pertinent to agriculture, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, biology, biomedical science and engineering, chemical engineering, geochemistry, inorganic chemistry, environmental science and engineering, food science, materials science, mining engineering, metallurgy, nuclear science and engineering, nutrition, plant science, safety, and toxicology.

Stereochemistry is defined as the study of the three-dimensional structure of molecules. Stereochemical considerations are important in both isomerism and studies of the mechanisms of chemical reactions. Implicit in a mechanism is the stereochemistry of the reaction: in other words, the relative three-dimensional orientation of the reacting particles at any time in the reaction. Concentrating on organic chemistry, early chapters deal mainly with definitions of terms such as chirality, enantiomers, diastereoisomers and racemization, complete with suitable examples to illustrate key concepts. Use of a polarimeter and associated definitions are described, together with two different conventions D, L and R, S for specification of configuration. Chirality without a stereogenic centre, in molecules such as allenes for example, is also covered. The distinction between conformation and configuration is developed to include assignment of configurations to di-substituted cyclohexanes and to the decalins. The conventions E, Z and Re, Si are introduced for sp2 hybridized carbons as found in alkenes and carbonyl compounds. Diastereotopic groups are discussed. Aspects of stereochemistry are explored through consideration of addition reactions to alkenes and carbonyl groups, nucleophilic substitution, and reactions (and interactions) involved in the resolution of racemic mixtures. Additional material is available on the website at www.rsc.org/tct Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.

The first f-block elements were discovered in the 18th and 19th centuries, since the advent of the cyclotron many more of them have been isolated. The applications of these elements range from smoke detectors to catalytic converters and they are used widely in industry, for example, in the refining of oil and the manufacture of glass and ceramics.;This systematic introduction to the chemistry of the lanthanide and actinide elements illustrates the main features of f-block chemistry and the important applications of the elements and their compounds. Details and references from research are included. Aimed at advanced undergraduate students learning about this area of inorganic chemistry, this book provides a detailed introduction to the topic. The book should also act as a useful reader for first year postgraduate students and researchers, particularly those from a non-inorganic chemistry background, requiring an overview of the area.

Humans first used carbon as chars from firewood in ritual paintings and primitive metallurgical processes. Natural forms of carbon have been known since antiquity, yet the knowledge of the carbon element in chemistry and its technical applications on a larger scale are a relatively recent development. The industrial revolution in Europe two centuries ago led the way to the numerous applications of these graphitic forms that are still used today. Graphite and Precursors features short tutorial articles on different topics related to the science and technology of carbons intended for engineers, students of Materials Science and scientists who are seeking a fundamental understanding without "reinventing the wheel." This first volume of the World of Carbon book series focuses on graphite and its precursors, including its origin and various implications. The basic properties of hexagonal graphite are developed, and several theoretical and experimental approaches explain why this crystalline solid is fascinating in solid state physics. Also featured are the numerous applications connected to thermal, mechanical and chemical graphites, as well as their various industrial uses in polycrystalline form. Finally, carbon precursors are introduced.

With an emphasis on co-ordination compounds, d- and f-Block Chemistry aims to provide an introduction to the principles underlying the chemistry of the d- and f-block metals. It briefly describes the origins, uses and importance of these elements before considering the factors underlying their chemical properties. The book describes aspects of structure, bonding, chemical thermodynamics and spectroscopy, which underpin studies of the chemistry of these elements. Examples are drawn from different parts of the d- or f-blocks to illustrate particular points and study questions allow students to practice the application of the principles they have learned. The text assumes a basic knowledge of symmetry, atomic structure, thermodynamics and electrode potentials. A familiarity with the qualitative use of the molecular orbital approach to bonding is also assumed, although an understanding of group theory is not essential. The material is aimed at first and second year undergraduates, with a view to providing a basis for more advanced studies of the reactions, electronic structures, spectra and magnetism of transition metal complexes. Additional material is available on the website at www.rsc.org/tct Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.

"Provides an overview of scientific and technological issues in environmental applications of carbon materials. Emphasizes the versatility of carbon materials in both gas- and liquid-phase environmental applications, including a discussion of emerging technologies. Highlights the power and potential opportunities afforded by NMR spectroscopy for understanding the interaction of carbon materials with adsorbed molecules."

Boasting numerous industrial applications, inorganic chemistry forms the basis for research into new materials and bioinorganic compounds such as calcium that act as biological catalysts. Now complete, this highly acclaimed series presents current knowledge in all areas of inorganic chemistry, including chemistry of the elements; organometallic, polymeric and solid-state materials; and compounds relevant to bioinorganic chemistry.

Inorganic Biochemistry An Introduction Second Edition J.A. Cowan Developments in the expanding field of inorganic biochemistry have led to major additions to this important teaching text. Like the earlier edition, the second edition does not aim to be comprehensive, but to illustrate the use of basic principles to tackle important problems in inorganic biochemistry. New features of the second edition include a section on basic kinetic and thermodynamic principles in the first chapter; coverage of iron response proteins, ribozymes, and radiopharmaceuticals; a new case study of bleomycin; a comprehensive set of problems and study questions; complete literature citations; and review questions after most of the summary sections. Inorganic Biochemistry: An Introduction, Second Edition will be of great value to senior-level undergraduates and beginning graduate students in inorganic chemistry and biochemistry. It also will be a valuable reference for biological, inorganic and organic chemists; chemical and environmental engineers; researchers in molecular biology and medical sciences; and biophysicists.

This is the first comprehensive book on fine particle synthesis that ranges from fundamental principles to the most advanced concepts, highlighting monodispersed particles from nanometers to micrometers. Describes mechanisms of formation and specific characteristics of each family of compounds while identifying problems and proposing solutions Offering a systematically organized review of the subject and including recent remarkable developments, Fine Particles contains subsections that analyze growth processes, characterize products, and delineate physical and chemical results based on causality arranges organic and inorganic materials according to their chemical composition covers forced hydrolysis and hydrolysis of metal and silicon alkoxides in homogeneous solutions details controlled double jet and Ostwald ripening processes examines emulsion and dispersion polymerization discusses surface modification of polymer and inorganic particles considers the formation of magnetic particles, fine composites, and nanocrystalline luminous materials and more Replete with 1700 references and over 600 photographs, drawings, tables, and equations, Fine Particles is useful for physical, surface, colloid, inorganic, organic, polymer, medicinal, and analytical chemists; chemical engineers; ceramicists; materials scientists; metallurgists; pharmacists; biochemists; biophysicists; biotechnologists; biomaterials specialists; and graduate students in these disciplines.

Transition metal carbonyl clusters (TMCCs) continue to inspire great interest in chemical research, as much for their fascinating structures as for potential industrial applications conferred by their unique properties. This highly accessible book introduces the bonding, structure, spectroscopic properties, and characterization of clusters, and then explores their synthesis, reactivity, reaction mechanisms and use in organic synthesis and catalysis.

Transition Metal Carbonyl Cluster Chemistry describes models and rules that correlate cluster structure with electron count, which are then applied in worked examples. Subsequent chapters explain how bonding relates to molecular structure, demonstrate the use of spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, IR and MS in

cluster chemistry, and outline the factors contributing to the stability, dynamics and reactivity of clusters. The second part of this book discusses the synthesis and applications of TMCCs.? It emphasizes the differences between the reactivities of clusters vs. mononuclear metal complexes, contingent to the availability of multiple-bonding sites and heterosite reactivity.? The final chapters discuss reactions in which clusters act as homogeneous catalysts; including discussion on the use of solid and biphasic liquid-liquid supported clusters in heterogeneous catalysts.

A useful reference for those commencing further research or post-graduate study on metal carbonyl clusters and advanced organometallic chemistry, this book is also a cornerstone addition to academic and libraries as well as private collections.

Water Oxidation Catalysts, Volume 74, the latest release in the Advances in Inorganic Chemistry series, presents timely and informative summaries on current progress in a variety of subject areas. This acclaimed serial features reviews written by experts in the field, serving as an indispensable reference to advanced researchers. Users will find this to be a comprehensive overview of recent findings and trends from the last decade that covers various kinds of inorganic topics, ranging from theoretical oriented supramolecular chemistry, to the quest for accurate calculations of spin states in transition metals.

Series Information:
Modern Concrete Technology

The continued and evolving significance of boron chemistry to the wider chemical community is demonstrated by the international and interdisciplinary nature of the research reported in this book. Contemporary Boron Chemistry encompasses inorganic and organic compounds as well as polymers, solid-state materials, medicinal aspects and theoretical studies. Covering many areas of chemistry with boron at its centre, topics include applications to polyolefin catalysis, medicine, materials and polymers; boron cluster chemistry, including carboranes and metal-containing clusters; organic and inorganic chemistry of species containing only 1 or 2 boron atoms; and theoretical studies of boron-containing compounds. New materials with novel optical and electronic properties are also discussed. Comprehensive and up to date, graduates and researchers in a wide range of fields, particularly those in organometallic and organic chemistry and materials science, will welcome this book.

Praise for the First Edition:

"Very useful for researchers in solid-state chemistry and as a textbook of advanced inorganic chemistry for PhD students." —Advanced Materials.

This book provides unified coverage of the structure, properties, and synthesis of transition metal oxides. Written by two world-class scientists, it offers both an excellent window on modern solid-state chemistry and a gateway to understanding the behavior of inorganic solids.

Scientists and advanced students in inorganic and solid-state chemistry, materials science, ceramics, and condensed matter science will welcome this updated Second Edition, which features new or expanded material on:

• Oxyanion derivatives of cuprates, mercury cuprates, ladder compounds, and new oxide systems
• Giant magnetoresistance, superconductivity, and nonlinear materials
• Recently developed synthetic strategies and examples, including soft chemistry routes

Plus:

• Hundreds of illustrations
• Helpful references.